京科糯2000等系列鲜食糯玉米品种选育及应用

北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心自1996年开展糯玉米种质创制及新品种选育,创制出京糯6、BN2等骨干糯玉米自交系近20个。选育出京科糯2000、京黄糯267、京紫糯218、京科糯569等系列各具特色的优良糯玉米品种21个,其中,通过国审品种6个,省审品种15个,实现了高产与优质的结合,同时具有抗性强、适应性广、用途多等特点。京科糯2000已成为我国种植面积最大、推广范围最广的品种,京科糯569鲜子粒叶酸含量在300μg/100 g以上,属营养强化型糯玉米品种。     

低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻营养品质与蒸煮食味品质特征分析

【目的】旨在明确低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻品种（系）与半糯型粳稻和普通粳稻营养和蒸煮食味品质性状的差异及各指标间的关系，为健康优质粳稻的选育提供科学依据。【方法】以低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻品系为材料，半糯型粳稻和普通粳稻品种为对照，在相同环境和栽培条件下种植3种不同类型的粳稻品种共16个，测定并分析稻米总蛋白质及各组分含量的差异，同时分析直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度等淀粉理化特征的差异，并进一步分析稻米营养与蒸煮食味品质的相关性。【结果】低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻的谷蛋白含量显著低于半糯型粳稻与普通粳稻，醇溶蛋白和清蛋白含量显著高于半糯型粳稻和普通粳稻。低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻的崩解值显著低于半糯型粳稻和普通粳稻，半糯型粳稻的胶稠度与峰值黏度显著高于普通粳稻与低谷蛋白粳稻；低谷蛋白半糯型粳稻的外观、黏度、平衡度、食味值和普通粳稻无显著差异，但显著低于半糯型粳稻。相关性分析结果显示，总蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量与峰值黏度、崩解值、外观、黏度、平衡度、食味值显著负相关，与消减值、硬度显著正相关；而谷蛋白含量的规律则刚好与之相反。【结论】3种不同类型粳稻品种在谷蛋白含量、直链淀粉含量和崩解值上存在差异显著，其中低谷蛋白半糯型...     

高产、多抗、优质中籼糯新品种扬辐糯4号

扬辐糯4号(原代号“909”)系江苏里下河地区农科所利用^60Coγ射线辐射迟熟中籼IR1529—68—3—2干种子．由胚突变育成的中籼糯新品种，比原品种早熟18天，1995年4月江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。该品种综合性状优良，是当前推广籼糯中较为突出的新品种。具体表现有：     

江苏省半糯型粳稻蒸煮食味品质性状的差异分析

[目的]近两年江苏省选育了大量的半糯型粳稻品种.不同半糯型粳稻品种间的食味品质及稻米理化特性仍存在较大差异.探究影响半糯粳稻食味品质形成的原因,将为优良食味水稻育种提供理论依据.[方法]以2019年参加江苏省优良食味稻米评比的39个半糯型粳稻品种为试验材料,通过对蒸煮食味、外观、理化、RVA谱特征值等24个品质相关指标...     

优质糯玉米香白糯高产制种技术

香白糯是仲恺农业工程学院（原仲恺农业技术学院）选育的一个优质、高产、早熟的果蔬型糯玉米单交种．2001年3月通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定（粤审玉200103）并定名为“香白糯”，是广东省第一个通过品种审定的糯玉米新品种。至2009年止．该品种一直作为广东省糯玉米区试的对照品种．已在广东省范围内推广应用面积累计超过4万hm^2。     

全国粮油市场稻米平均交易价格（2008年9月-10月）

2008-09-01~09-30品种东北米东北米东北米粳稻谷粳稻谷粳稻谷晚粳米晚粳米晚粳米晚籼稻谷晚籼稻谷晚籼稻谷晚籼米晚籼米籼糯稻谷籼糯稻谷籼糯米早粳米早籼稻谷早籼稻谷早籼稻谷早籼米早籼米等级特级标一标二123特等标一标二23优质标一标二3优质标一标一23优质特等标一平均价3 6     

利用水稻糯与非糯(近)等基因系探讨WX基因对成熟胚培养力的影响

 采用6对糯与非糯(近)等基因系（3籼3粳）研究了基因对成熟胚培养力的影响。糯与非糯(近)等基因系之间愈伤组织诱导率和生长速率存在极显著差异，并且这种差异高于籼粳类型造成的差异；糯与非糯(近)等基因系的绿苗分化率与上述两种性状呈相反趋势，差异也达到显著水平。直链淀粉的含量与愈伤组织诱导率、生长速率、绿苗分化率的相关均未达到显著水平。表明wx 基因不仅控制直链淀粉含量，而且还具有提 提高愈伤组织诱导率和生长速率、降低绿苗分化率的多效作用。     

鲜食白糯玉米单交种柳糯1号的选育

鲜食白糯玉米单交种柳糯1号是广西柳州地区农科所于1992年用自育糯质系克紫作母本,忻糯为父本杂交选育而成.具有生育期适宜、较抗大小斑病、丝黑穗病和纹枯病、抗倒性较强、糯性适口、产量较高、制种较容易等特点。     

超黑糯玉米新品种淮科糯2号

淮科糯2号是2006年冬季在海南以自育超黑糯玉米自交系糯653为母本、自育紫糯玉米自交系黑-2为父本,杂交育成的中熟、抗倒、抗病、大穗型超黑糯玉米杂交种,2011年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：皖玉2011004。     

优质糯玉米杂交种烟糯6号选育报告

烟糯6号是由山东省烟台市农业科学研究院于1995年以两个自选系组配的白粒糯质玉米杂交种.经过1999～2000年山东省糯玉米区域试验和几年的大面积生产示范,表现出高产稳产、抗病抗倒、子粒蛋白质和淀粉含量高、果皮薄、商品果穗率高等特点,生产上具有较高的应用价值.2001年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

水稻wx 基因对籽粒糖类积累和萌发种子淀粉酶活力的影响

 利用糯和非糯籼稻近等基因系原丰早和原丰早糯、珍竹19和珍竹19糯研究了糯质基因wx对籽粒糖类积累和萌发种子淀粉酶活力的影 响。wx使原丰早糯的还原糖和非还原糖分别较原丰早高0.07～2.94和1.04～4.55个百分点，珍竹19糯较珍竹19高 1.01～5.08及1.60～6.59个百分点。相反糯性籽粒发育过程中的淀粉含量分别较非糯籽粒低0.34～5.01及0.72～6.64个百分点。wx自籽粒发育始期就控制合成稳定高比例的支链淀粉。萌发的糯性种子β-淀粉酶和R酶活力较高，而非糯种子α-淀粉酶活力较高。同工酶电泳结果表明wx基因对种子α-淀粉酶带影响较大。外源GA3诱导后，带胚的非糯籽粒α-淀粉酶活力也较强。     

Assessing the relationship between endosperm type and grain yield potential in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).

Sorghum hybrids with waxy endosperm (either homozygous or heterozygous waxy) have lower grain yield potential compared to non-waxy endosperm hybrids. The cause of this yield reduction is not known. From a genetic perspective, the yield reduction could be due to pleiotrophy or genetic linkage between the wx locus and other loci that influence grain yield. The specific cause of the relationship is important because an effective breeding program can alleviate the problem if it is due to linkage. The objective of this study was to determine whether linkage or pleiotrophy is causing the negative relationship between grain yield and waxy endosperm. From each of two F₂ breeding populations segregating for waxy endosperm, between 40 and 50 inbred lines were derived, with equal numbers of waxy and non-waxy endosperm lines. No selection for yield was practiced during the development of these lines. The lines from these two populations and a set of testcross hybrids (derived from one population) were evaluated in four environments in Texas from 1998 to 2000. Across all tests and environments, the combined yield of the waxy genotypes was 17% lower than non-waxy genotypes. While yields were lower in waxy genotypes, analysis of the individual inbred lines and hybrids revealed that several waxy inbred lines were not statistically different from the best non-waxy inbreds. These results imply that selection of high yielding waxy genotypes is possible, but a significant breeding emphasis on their development is required to effectively identify those genotypes.     

籼粳杂种糯性基因的异常分离及其特征

In order to study the segregation distortion of waxy gene, three intersubspecific compatible japonica varieties Xiushui 117, T8340 and 02428, and Taichung 65 and its four isogenic F₁-sterile lines were used to cross and backcross with three pairs of waxy and isogenic nonwaxy indica lines Yuanfengzao vs Yuanfengzao Nuo, Guangluai 4 vs Guangluai 4 Nuo and Zhenzhu 19 vs Zhenzhu 19 Nuo. Results indicated that for grains setting on F₁ plants and triple cross F₁ plants, the segregation of nonwaxy(n) and waxy(w)could be classified into three types, namely, n: w> 3:1, n: w=3:1 and n: w<3:1. Some genetic factor was found to be responsible for the distorted segregation by influencing pollen competition to some extent and its function was independent of F₁ sterility gene. Considering that the distorted segregation showed distinct characterizations from the gametophyte genes reported hitherto, the authors postulated that it could be controlled by the interaction between sporophytic and gametophytic genes.     

小麦显性矮源对株粒重及产量构成因素的影响

利用8个普通小麦品种与5个不同显性矮源进行回交产生的8套近等基因系，进行了株粒重及产量构成因素的研究，结果表明，显性矮源对有效穗数没有显著影响，对株粒重、穗粒数和千粒重都有显著的降低作用，降幅最小的是具有奥尔森矮源的近等基因系，分别降低19．6％、26．9％和10．5％；降幅最大的是具有矮变1号矮源的近等基因系，分别降低68．9％、66．7％和24．7％。携带Rht10基因的西农02和矮变1号矮源转育的近等基因系之间的株粒重、穗粒数和千粒重的差异都显著或极显著，说明它们对普通小麦品种的影响不一致。具有显性矮源的近等基因系株粒重偏低的主要原因是穗粒数减少和千粒重降低。具有显性矮源近等基因系的株粒重与株高的回归分析表明，适当提高显性矮源的株高可以提高株粒重。     

MC812和郑单958子粒灌浆和脱水特性研究

以MC812和郑单958为试验材料,分析其子粒灌浆和脱水特性,研究不同基因型玉米品种子粒灌浆和脱水特性的差异。结果表明,百粒干物重在品种间存在显著差异,MC812平均百粒干物重较郑单958高2.64 g。与郑单958相比,MC812子粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(Tmax)平均提前4.40 d,灌浆起始势(R0)高0.25,活跃灌浆期(P)长1.33 d。MC812灌浆渐增期的平均灌浆速率显著高于郑单958,灌浆缓增期则与郑单958相当。MC812生理成熟时子粒含水量略低于郑单958,但差异不显著。收获时的子粒含水量在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812收获时的子粒含水量则较郑单958低5个百分点。生理成熟后的脱水速率在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812分别较郑单958高0.15%/d。穗粒数、百粒重和产量在品种间呈极显著差异,MC812产量较郑单958高6.67%、穗粒数和百粒重分别较郑单958高8.56%和8.04%。     

不同鲜食玉米灌浆期子粒主要营养成分的积累动态

通过理化方法对5种不同类型的14个鲜食玉米品种在不同灌浆期子粒的营养成分进行分析,研究不同类型鲜食玉米子粒主要营养成分的积累动态,筛选能够指示不同类型鲜食玉米最佳采收期的客观理化指标。结果表明,鲜食玉米灌浆期子粒的可溶性总糖、蔗糖、还原糖、蛋白质、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和含水量在不同品种间、不同灌浆期间差异极显著。随着子粒的发育,不同类型鲜食玉米品种的可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量呈动态曲线变化,变化趋势都是先上升后下降;还原糖含量和含水量呈不断下降的趋势;直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量呈不断上升的趋势;蛋白质含量变化幅度很小,变化趋势不明显。根据鲜食玉米营养成分与品质的关系,提出子粒含水量结合可溶性糖含量和粗淀粉含量可分别作为甜玉米和糯玉米最佳采收期的指标。     

Effects on Grain and Malting Quality of Genes Altering Barley Starch Composition

In this study inbred barley lines carrying waxy and/or high amylose genes were obtained from a cross between Waxy Hector and a breeders» line BE285 (high amylose Glacier×Midas) and assessed for malting quality. Inbred lines were assayed and classified as having none, one or both genes. After malting, waxy lines had a slightly lower hot water extract than normal starch lines. Large effects were demonstrated for both grain nitrogen content and hot water extract in high amylose lines and, particularly, in lines with both genes. Endosperm modification during malting was reduced by both starch mutations. Electron microscopy showed that the phenotype with both genes was characterised by a highly compacted endosperm. During malting, this structure was extremely resistant to modification.     

云南省不同环境对二棱大麦产量及产量构成因素的影响

对2004至2007年云南省22品种次的二棱大麦在云南省(高、中、低)3个不同海拔环境下进行产量构成因素变化及其与产量的相关分析和通径分析。结果表明产量、有效穗、千粒重和生育期在不同环境下差异达到极显著水平,穗粒数和株高差异不显著;平均产量在低海拔环境最高,高海拔环境下最低;在低海拔环境下,有效穗和千粒重都显著高于其它两个环境,生育期在高海拔环境下最长,平均比低海拔环境下长2d。相关分析表明在高海拔环境下产量构成三因素与产量的相关性大小为有效穗>千粒重>穗粒数,且穗粒数与产量负相关;在中海拔环境下穗粒数>有效穗>千粒重;低海拔环境下则为千粒重>有效穗>穗粒数。通径分析表明在中海拔环境下穗粒数对产量的直接效应最大,其余环境都是千粒重的直接效应最大;而在高海拔环境下穗粒数对产量的直接效应为负值。     

Changes Caused by Genotype and Environmental Conditions in Beta-Glucan Content of Spring Barley for Dietetically Beneficial Human Nutrition

Over the 5-year period (2000-2004), a significantly higher beta-glucan content was detected in the waxy varieties Washonubet, Wabet, and Wanubet (6.8-7.6%) and lines formed by crossing these varieties with malting varieties (5.8-7.1%). Conversely, the non-waxy hulled malting-type varieties Kompakt (4.0%) and Krona (4.3%) had significantly lower contents of beta-glucan. The observations also showed that concentrations of beta-glucans in 2000-2004 were significantly affected not only by varieties, but also environmental conditions in the growing periods and interactions of these two factors. Higher precipitation during the flowering time and grain filling period and lower temperatures during the flowering time in 2002 had negative effects on concentration of beta-glucans. Conversely, drier and warmer weather in 2003 enhanced the content of beta-glucans. The results show that it is possible to increase the content of beta-glucan in spring barley grain by implementing selective breeding practices. Compared to the parental malting varieties, the mean content of beta-glucans in F(4)-F(8) generations was increased by 1.8 and 2.0% by recombination in lines Kompakt x Wabet and Wanubet x Krona, respectively. Significant effect of environmental conditions and their interactions with varieties indicated the necessity to assess standard qualities of barley as a food material.     

20个安农糯小麦品系的主要农艺性状和品质分析

为给糯小麦品种选育及其品质改良提供参考依据,以扬麦158为对照,测定了20个糯小麦品系的主要农艺性状、蛋白质等籽粒品质性状和淀粉糊化特性。结果表明,19个近几年育成的糯小麦品系的株高等主要农艺性状均较早期育成的品系安农糯1有所改良,ANW1032、ANW10600、ANW10601、ANW10606、ANW610、ANW10612等6个品系的农艺性状和产量已达到对照品种水平。供试糯小麦品系的直链淀粉含量为0.14%～6.95%,蛋白质含量、总淀粉含量和湿面筋含量相对较高,沉降值较低,硬度上均表现为软质小麦。糯小麦品系的峰值时间比对照品种低2.3min以上;20个糯小麦品系中,有5个品系的高峰黏度显著高于对照品种;所有供试糯小麦品系的最后黏度和反弹值均显著低于对照品种;除安农糯1外的19个糯性系的低谷黏度均显著低于对照品种;糯小麦品系具有高稀懈值;糊化温度在糯性系间及其与对照品种间变化不大。综合分析表明,ANW1032、ANW10600、ANW10601、ANW10606、ANW610、ANW10612等6个品系的农艺性状和品质性状表现较好。