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U. Wyss F. M. W. Grundler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):165-173
With the aid of video-enhanced contrast light microscopy the feeding behavior of the cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita has been studied in roots of various cruciferous plants, especially inArabidopsis thaliana, a model plant for molecular studies. The juvenile stage 2 (J2) nematodes ofH. schachtii migrate intracellularly with destructive stylet thrusts before establishing their permanent feeding site (syncytium) within the vascular cylinder. After the selection of the initial syncytial cell (ISC) they undergo a preparation period before they start feeding from the ISC. During all developmental stages feeding occurs in cycles, composed of three distinct phases. In contrast, the J2 ofMeloidogyne incognita reach their permanent feeding site by intercellular migration, first towards the apex of the root, where they turn round, and move towards the differentiating vascular cylinder. A characteristic behavioral pattern, composed of continuous head and stylet movements, interspersed by periods of stylet-tip protrusion and metacorpal bulb pumping is maintained during all phases of parasitism, i.e., root invasion, intercellular migration and feeding from the giant-cells. 相似文献
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This review discusses the mechanisms underlying synergistic interactions between phytophagous nematodes and soilborne pathogens, and identifies biotic and abiotic factors affecting these interactions. Approaches towards the resolution and management of nematode–pathogen complexes are considered and discussed. 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫分支酸变位酶基因的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物寄生线虫食道腺中表达的寄生基因编码的分泌蛋白在线虫侵入寄主植物、建立取食位点和抑制寄主的防御反应过程中起重要作用。利用植物寄生线虫食道腺削减cDNA文库及基于同源克隆等方法,鉴定了这些过程中起作用的分支酸变位酶(CM)基因。带有氨基酸末端信号肽的根结线虫CM、孢囊线虫CM与细菌CM的蛋白质序列非常相似。mRNA原位杂交表明,CM基因专门存在于植物寄生线虫的亚腹食道腺中。RT-PCR分析表明,它们的转录丰度在线虫寄生的早期丰度较高,在后期较低或者难以检测到。Southern杂交表明,这些CM基因为多基因家族。CM的蛋白质在专性内寄生线虫中广泛存在,表明这种多功能的酶在控制线虫侵染植物的过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
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福建省花生根部寄生线虫种类鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从福建省花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)根部及根际土壤中共分离鉴定出11种植物寄生线虫:肾状肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、饰环矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus annula-tus)、装饰小环线虫(Criconemella ornata)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)、蘑菇滑刃线虫(Aphlenchoides composticola)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、广东杆垫刃线虫(Rhabdotylenchus guangdongensis)、丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus sp.)和根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)。其中肾状肾形线虫、咖啡短体线虫、装饰小环线虫和根结线虫为花生的重要寄生线虫。 相似文献
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为明确福建省蝴蝶兰线虫发生情况,利用改良贝尔曼漏斗法从蝴蝶兰根部及根际介质中进行分离,经形态学鉴定,共有6种植物寄生线虫双尾滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides bicaudatus)、斯坦纳长尾线虫(Seinura steineri)、奥阿胡长尾线虫(S.oahuensis)、蘑菇滑刃线虫(A.composticola)、普通丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus vulgaris)和食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchus myceliophagus).优势种群是双尾滑刃线虫,其次是蘑菇滑刃线虫. 相似文献
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Toxicity of fungal endophyte secondary metabolites to plant parasitic nematodes and soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
J. Hallmann R. A. Sikora 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(2):155-162
Fungi isolated from the cortical tissue of surface sterilized tomato roots collected from field plots produced secondary metabolites in nutrition broth that were highly toxic toMeloidogyne incognita. Especially strains ofFusarium oxysporum were highly active with 13 of 15 strains producing culture filtrates toxic to nematodes. The mechanism of action of the toxic metabolites produced by the non-pathogenicF. oxysporum strain 162 with proven biological control ofM. incognita in pot experiments was investigated. These metabolites reducedM. incognita mobility within 10 min of exposure. After 60 min, 98% of juveniles were inactivated. Juveniles were initially inactivated within a few minutes of exposure, but with exposure of 5 h 50% of the juveniles were dead and 24 h exposure resulted in 100% mortality. In a bioassay with lettuce seedlings metabolite concentrations > 100 mg/l reduced the number ofM. incognita juveniles on the roots comparing to the water control. TheF. oxysporum toxins were highly effective towards sedentary parasites and less effective towards migratory endoparasites. Nonparasitic nematodes were not influenced at all. Metabolites of strain 162 also reduced significantly the growth ofPhytophthora cactorum, Pythium ultimum andRhizoctonia solani in vitro. Secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi on plant-parasitic nematodes and soil-borne fungi should be considered for control of plant parasitic nematodes and plant pathogenic fungi. The results also show the need for proper selection of target nematodes inin vitro bioassays. 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫效应子研究进展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
植物寄生线虫是一类专性活体营养寄生物,在植物根部维管束细胞附近诱导形成取食位点,与植物形成稳定的寄生关系,严重影响植物的生长发育,最终导致植物大幅度减产,甚至绝收。为长期、有效地防控植物寄生线虫,对线虫寄生、致病机制及其与植物的相互作用模式进行研究显得尤为重要。效应子在线虫整个寄生阶段中起着关键作用。近些年,线虫效应子的鉴定、功能、线虫效应子与植物相互作用模式等方面的研究取得了重要进展。本文主要针对病原物与寄主植物的相互作用模型、植物寄生线虫效应子鉴定、功能及线虫效应子与寄主植物的相互作用等方面的研究进展进行简单概述。 相似文献
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"根康健"处理进出境园林种苗携带的植物寄生线虫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1999~2001年,对2年生感染根结线虫、双宫螺旋线虫的黄扬、冬青和榕树等17种苗木,5年生的景天等7种盆景的根部进行药剂处理。试验结果表明,使用“根康健”1:2倍液蘸根处理2h后,供试植物根上的外寄生性双宫螺旋线虫被全部杀死,36h后内寄生性根结线虫死亡率高达99%,25天后处理样中未检出任何活线虫。使用“根康健”1:4、1:6倍液进行药剂处理,25天后线虫死亡率分:到达87%~100%。“根康健”1:2倍液作为出入境观赏植物线虫处理剂,可以有效地杀死根组织内外的植物寄生线虫,满足苗木、盆景、花卉等的植物检疫要求。 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫滞育机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物寄生线虫防治困难与其在土壤中存活时间和抗逆能力有直接关系。休眠或滞育是其度过逆境条件或缺乏寄主时的主要策略。根据植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育的特点和规律可确定防治的关键时期。本文就植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育的影响因素和不同寄生线虫的滞育特点, 以及一些植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育生理生化机制的研究进展进行综述, 以期为植物寄生线虫的综合防治提供新的思路。 相似文献
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为评价食线虫真菌蠕虫埃斯特菌Esteya vermicola菌株NKF 13222的生防应用价值,采用2%水琼脂培养基平板接种法测定了该菌株对7种植物寄生线虫的诱引、黏附和侵染能力,并比较了其对不同线虫的侵染特性.结果显示,该菌株的菌丝对松材线虫、拟松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫和水稻干尖线虫均有诱引作用,而对南方根结线虫、禾谷孢囊线虫和穿刺短体线虫无诱引作用;菌株的粘性分生孢子对有诱引现象的4种线虫都能黏附,接种24 h后的黏附率达到82%~99%,对无诱引现象的3种线虫不能黏附;粘性分生孢子黏附虫体后对不同线虫的侵染力存在差异,接种7 d后的松材线虫死亡率可达98%,而拟松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫和水稻干尖线虫死亡率分别为43%、35%和9%.表明蠕虫埃斯特菌不仅是松材线虫的强内寄生真菌,而且对其它重要植物寄生线虫也具有一定的应用潜力. 相似文献
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2001-2005年对云南省灯盏花主要栽培区的灯盏花根部及根际土壤的寄生线虫进行分类鉴定,共鉴定出9种线虫:内卷滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides involutus)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、异头丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus heterocephalus)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、活泼平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchus hilarulus)、戴维恩垫刃线虫(Tylenchusdavainei)和广东垫刃线虫(Tylenchus guangdongensis)。优势种群是双宫螺旋线虫,其次是南方根结线虫。灯盏花是这些线虫的新记录寄主。 相似文献
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根结线虫