常夏石竹新品种——塞外昭君选育研究报告

常夏石竹应用于我国北方地区冷季型草坪中表现出的优越性与缺陷,选出弥补缺陷、花色更好的品种,以及组培快繁方法.     

湖南省常绿草坪建植技术研究

2003年于长沙开展了在杂交狗牙根(Cynd on d acty lon×C.transvad lensis)天堂草328草坪上交播冷季型草种草地早熟禾(P oa p ra tensisL.)自由2号与匍茎翦股颖(A g rostis stolon if era L.)L 93的试验,观测草坪质地、色泽、青绿期、草坪密度、种群数量,并对草坪草质量进行综合评价。结果表明:用上述草种混播可以建成常绿草坪,草坪综合质量极佳,为草坪过渡带地区建植常绿草坪提供了有益的借鉴。     

北方地区草坪草养护管理关键技术

该文从草坪养护方面探讨了北方地区草坪建植后具体管理措施,重点从草坪生长季各时期修剪、浇水、施肥、除杂及病虫草害防治等关键问题和成坪后管理技术要点进行讨论。     

草坪腐霉枯萎病的识别与防治

腐霉枯萎病是秦皇岛市草坪常发病之一。具有危害大、分布面广、发病率高等特点．严重影响草坪功能的发挥。笔者经过全面调查、系统研究和长期工作实践,总结了一套行之有效的防治方法．对北方地区草坪腐霉枯萎病防治具有一定的指导意义。     

种植不同冷季型草对稻田冬闲田杂草群落的影响

选择长沙、宁乡、湘阴三个地区的双季稻田,从2012年至2013年,以冬闲田为对照,冬季种植黑麦草、燕麦、紫云英、白三叶和油菜,研究不同冷季型草对冬闲田杂草群落结构的影响。结果表明,与冬闲相比,种植不同冷季型草后杂草群落均有所减少,其中种植黑麦草小区杂草种类与数量最少,宁乡试验点减少3个种类共552株,长沙试验点减少6个种类共718株,湘阴试验点减少7个种类共452株。种植不同冷季型草对防控稻田冬闲田的杂草均有一定效果,而以种植黑麦草效果最佳。而种植燕麦后杂草群落数量分布较均匀,最有利于保护杂草多样性。     

草坪建植与养护技术探析

依据乌鲁木齐气候环境特点与土壤特征,结合多年草坪种植经验,从草种选择、草坪建植、草坪养护等方面对草坪建植与养护技术进行总结,为草坪建植及养护提供了参考。     

克百威在海南典型土壤中的吸附-脱附特性研究

高尔夫草坪病虫害对草坪的建植危害很大,可造成高尔夫草坪的大面积死亡。根据国内外文献报道,介绍我国高尔夫草坪主要病虫害种类、分布及其防治的最新研究进展。     

浅谈海南草坪植物的种植设计

草坪是园林造景的重要景观元素之一。本文通过综合论述草坪植物的设计原理,草坪植物空间的营造,及疏林草坪、稀树草坪、开阔草坪、草坪边缘植物景观的种植形式等,针对性地探讨海南热带草坪植物种植设计方法与思路。     

8份链荚豆种质坪用价值评价

通过观察8份链荚豆种质草坪密度、均一性、颜色、耐践踏性、草坪盖度等5个坪用价值相关指标,根据草坪不同功能确定指标权重后评分,按照分值进行坪用价值综合评价。结果表明：8份链荚豆种质中,评分最高的是湛江圆叶,得分最低的是儋州尖叶。参照综合坪用价值,湛江圆叶、儋州圆叶、儋州高种、海口圆叶适合作观赏草坪和休憩草坪,湛江圆叶和儋州圆叶适合作运动草坪,湛江圆叶和儋州高种适合作保土草坪。     

长沙地区足球场草坪的建植与管理

针对目前长沙地区足球场草坪建植中普遍存在的喷灌和排水系统不完善、种植土层含泥量大、草坪根系浅及耐践踏能力差等问题,按照美国USGA标准结合湖南气候条件建植了沙坪建筑集团足球场草坪。结果表明:场地结构合理,地下排水系统顺畅,喷灌系统100%覆盖,场地平整,通风透气性好,草坪根系发达,耐践踏性强,草坪叶片纤细光滑,草坪质量高。各项指标达到或超过中足协推荐足球场草坪质量标准,为同类地区足球场草坪建植提供了技术参考。     

禾本科新型模式植物二穗短柄草的研究进展

二穗短柄草 (Brachypodium distachyum) 植株矮小,生育期短,基因组大小仅为水稻的0.71倍;和水稻相比,在进化上它与小麦等温季型禾谷类作物的亲缘关系更近,是目前较为理想的禾谷类作物模式植物.在短短几年中人们对这一模式植物在细胞遗传学、基因组学以及遗传转化等方面进行了大量研究.对已取得的研究进展进行了全面总结和综述,以期为禾谷类作物尤其是温季型禾谷类作物的相关研究提供参考.     

Establishment of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by self-seeding as affected by cutting date and degree of herbage removal in spring in pastures of the southern Great Plains of the United States

Annually sown cool-season small-grain cereal species can provide a valuable source of cool-season herbage for livestock in the southern Great Plains of the USA but limited access to field equipment for cultivation and sowing is an obstacle to their use. Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (IRG) can persist through self-seeding and may offer an alternative source of cool-season herbage. The effects of cutting dates in mid-April, early May or mid- to late May following sowing in the previous September, and of removing 0·57, 0·73 or 1·00 of the herbage mass at this time, on subsequent seed deposition, seedling re-establishment and herbage production of IRG were measured. Later cutting dates reduced seed production, seed deposition, 1000-seed weight and eventual re-establishment of IRG seedlings. Removing different proportions of the herbage mass did not compensate for reduced seed deposition arising from later cutting dates. Numbers of seed heads and seed required to achieve a self-seeded target population of 500 established seedlings m⁻² ranged from 885 to 5650 seed heads m⁻² and 3360 to 5850 deposited viable seeds m⁻². Re-establishment of IRG through self-seeding showed a failure rate of 0·43 indicating that self-seeded IRG will need periodic resowing. Any economic benefit derived from self-seeded IRG will depend heavily on the success of its rate of re-establishment.     

Agronomic and forage nutritive responses of Kentucky bluegrass dominated pastures in the northern Great Plains

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) has become dominant in many portions of the northern Great Plains. During hot and/or dry periods, pastures consisting of mostly cool-season grasses will most likely lack the productivity and diversity needed to provide sufficient forage for livestock. Determining the impact of weather conditions on the variation of forage production and nutritive response of Kentucky bluegrass is becoming increasingly important to agricultural producers. Sampling occurred at the USDA Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory near Mandan, North Dakota, USA. Kentucky bluegrass samples were clipped every 2–3 weeks in mowed and unmowed unfertilized rangeland plots during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Samples were dried, weighed, ground to pass a 1-mm sieve, and analysed for nutritive value. There are differences between the modelled supply of metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein and the requirements for cow-calf pairs for all years and most months. Early defoliation of Kentucky bluegrass decreases productivity and nutritive value as the grazing season progresses. Adjusting management to allow an adequate growth interval and plant canopy cover throughout the year can ensure a more consistent supply of Kentucky bluegrass. Our data and models provide a glimpse into future scenarios, which allow producers to be more proactive in dealing with Kentucky bluegrass and projected changes in climate.     

我国华北地区粳稻品种抽穗期遗传分析

 设置长、短日照和高、低温共4种环境,分析了我国华北地区14份主栽粳稻品种的抽穗期光、温敏感性及基本营养性。结果表明,华北地区多数粳稻品种表现出感光性,但感光性大都偏弱,抽穗期长短与品种的感光性呈显著线性相关。此外,大多数品种对温度也比较敏感。并利用一套抽穗期主基因近等基因系对这些品种抽穗期基因型进行了分析。结果表明,所有华北地区粳稻品种都携带主效感光基因E1,而在Se 1位点,有11个品种为非感光的Se 1e,同时,有13个品种都携带早熟基因Ef 1,另外,有9个品种还携带具有一定感光抑制效应的hd2。这些结果从基因型角度揭示了华北地区粳稻品种具有一定的感光性和较短的基本营养生长期的原因,为华北地区选育适宜抽穗期的粳稻品种提供了依据。     

利用微卫星标记鉴定北方杂交粳稻种子纯度的研究

利用48对SSR引物对7个北方杂交粳稻组合的杂种F1与其父母本间的多态性进行了筛选，每个组合获得4-11对多态性好的特异引物，利用特异性引物可将杂交种与其相应的不育系、保持系和恢复系分开，说明SSR标记可应用于北方杂交梗稻种子纯度鉴定，具有较高的实用价值。     

POPULATION-DENSITY STUDIES ON COOL-SEASON TURFGRASSES GROWN IN A SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE

Five cool-season turf grass mixtures were grown under two culling heights and two nitrogen levels. Turfs were sampled for population density each spring and fall for a three-year period, using the core-sampling method. Densities of all declined steadily throughout the period in all treatments. With one exception, populations of any one species were at the same low level at the end of the study, regardless of the treatment.     

基于Meta分析评价覆盖作物与玉米轮作或间/套作对玉米产量的影响——以北美和中国北方地区为例

利用Meta分析方法,分析北美和中国北方地区覆盖作物与玉米轮作和间/套作两种种植模式下覆盖作物对玉米产量的效应。结果表明,覆盖作物与玉米轮作使玉米平均增产5.9%,覆盖作物与玉米间/套作使玉米平均减产2.5%。不同种类覆盖作物与玉米轮作对玉米产量的效应不同,豆科、十字花科和覆盖作物混播分别使后茬玉米平均增产13.0%、1.6%和18.1%,禾本科覆盖作物使后茬玉米平均减产2.7%。中国北方地区豆科覆盖作物与玉米间/套作使玉米平均增产8.1%,北美地区覆盖作物与玉米间/套作使玉米平均减产9.6%。研究结果表明,覆盖作物与玉米轮作在北美和我国北方玉米种植区均对玉米产量具有积极影响,以禾本科、豆科、十字花科为主的混播增产的效益最大。     

黄金茶1号等十个品种实生苗苗圃性状初步比较

2010年10~12月采用10个品种的种子在同一试验区、同一肥培管理条件下播种育苗,进行实生苗性状比较,初步认为勐海大叶可以在华南、西南茶区种植,龙井43、乌牛早可以在北方茶区和高山茶区种植,其余7个品种有待进一步研究     

高产优质多抗玉米新品种登海3660的选育与配套栽培技术

玉米新品种登海3660是山东登海种业股份有限公司育成的紧凑大穗型高产玉米单交种。该品种在多年试验中表现产量高,稳产性好,果穗均匀,不秃尖,品质优良,抗病,活秆成熟。适宜在辽宁、吉林省中南部晚熟区、河北北部、山西北部、北京、天津及陕西延安地区春播种植。     

黄淮海夏玉米倒伏及化控抗倒技术研究进展

倒伏是制约黄淮海平原区夏玉米增产的重要因素之一,创新防止倒伏的技术措施是目前玉米高产生产中亟待解决的问题。化控技术是除品种选择外解决作物高产与倒伏矛盾的有效措施之一。国内外学者从农艺性状、解剖学特征、生理代谢变化及分子机理等方面对作物化控抗倒栽培技术进行了大量研究,并取得了显著成效。本文综述黄淮海平原区夏玉米倒伏分类、发生特点、影响因素以及化控技术对玉米抗倒伏的调控机制及其应用的发展历程,对解决该地区玉米倒伏问题实现高产、抗倒栽培提供参考。