共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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对水稻超干种子的烘干方法进行了筛选,并对不同状态种子的耐高温能力进行了试验比较,并对超干种子耐藏性、破除种子休眠、灭杀种传病害的效果进行了探索。结果表明,水稻超干种子安全有效的烘干方法是"先低温(45℃)后高温(65℃~75℃)"两段法;水稻种子耐高温干热能力从强到弱依次为超干种子干种子潮种子鲜种子湿种子露白种子;水稻超干种子制备后立即用种子害虫咬不破不透气材料进行密封保存,可以长时间储存,并保证种子发芽率不下降;利用超干种子的耐热性,采用高温干热破除种子休眠和灭杀种传病虫害效果显著。 相似文献
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试验主要以啤酒大麦为材料研究不同类型大麦种子休眠的差异及 7种处理破除大麦种子休眠的方法 ,结果表明 :在种子发育过程中 ,低成熟度种子的休眠能力大于未成熟种子 ,且低成熟度种子经短时间的贮藏休眠能力减弱 ;不同类型的大麦种子 ,裸大麦种子休眠短 ,在收获后 1~ 2周即通过休眠 ,大粒种子的休眠能力高于中小粒种子 ;破除大麦种子休眠的方法以H2 O2 间隙浸处和赤霉素浸种处理效果最佳 相似文献
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本文研究了不同发芽促进剂及热震荡对芸薹属的不同种质的破眠效果,结果表明:(1)野生或自生种质的种子与栽培种质相比,均有较深的休眠性,其中尤以云南野生白菜(Brassiacampestris L.)及新疆毛芥(B.xinjiangensis Y.Z.Lan)的休眠性为强。(2)GA_2结合其他发芽促进剂与单独GA_2处理,对种子的萌发都有明显的促进作用,破眠程度(DBE)值在0.78—0.86之间,两者之间不存在显著差异,但是不同种质的DBE变化较大,以较深休眠的自生芥菜(B.juncea L.)效果最差。(3)热震荡对于解除芸薹属自生芥菜种子休眠的效果更差,劣于200ppm GA_3。 相似文献
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皇后帝王花(Protea magnifica)种子具有休眠性,不经任何处理难以发芽。本研究以皇后帝王花种子为试验材料,通过测定皇后帝王花种子生活力、种子萌发率、种子各部分粗提液对白菜种子发芽的影响,并以不同的方式(短时高温+变温层积、酸蚀处理+变温层积、赤霉素处理+变温层积)处理种子,研究皇后帝王花种子的休眠原因及解除方法。结果表明:试验所用皇后帝王花种子的生活力高达90.00%,但不去除种皮的完整种子30 d内不发芽。种皮粗提液不仅抑制白菜种子的发芽,还显著影响白菜种子的根与地上部分的生长。皇后帝王花种子的休眠可能是种皮的机械障碍和种皮的内源抑制物共同引起的综合休眠。时长为2 min的不同高温(40~120 ℃)处理+变温层积、不同时间(10~ 70 min)的98%浓硫酸酸蚀处理+变温层积、不同浓度(0.3、0.5、0.7 mg/L)的赤霉素溶液处理+变温层积都可以打破种子的休眠,提高皇后帝王花种子发芽率和发芽势。其中各处理分别以60 ℃的短时高温处理、30 min的酸蚀处理、0.7 mg/L的赤霉素溶液处理效果最好。综合比较,30 min的酸蚀处理为解除皇后帝王花种子休眠的最佳方法。此外,赤霉素处理对皇后帝王花种子的休眠解除有着一定的促进作用,但相比其他两种处理方式效果并不理想。 相似文献
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为探究小麦种子休眠解除期间的成分变化对发芽率的影响,了解种子休眠解除机制,以铭贤169为材料,在收获后不同储藏时间(间隔20 d)取样,通过显微设备观察了种子后熟期间的结构变化,测定了相关生理指标和成分,以探究铭贤169种子休眠性原因。结果表明,铭贤169种子休眠解除过程中,种皮细胞结构、组织结构、淀粉粒结构、蛋白基质等均发生变化,淀粉含量、粒径、糊化特性、热稳定性随贮藏时间延长变化显著。铭贤169的离体胚在花后25 d就具有发芽能力,但种子在花后35 d仍处于休眠。收获后熟期间,种胚活性、种子吸水率、含水量、淀粉含量、淀粉糊化谷值粘度和峰值时间、热稳定性逐步上升,与发芽率正相关。A型淀粉粒表面破损,淀粉粒与蛋白质结合紧密,种皮结构松散;淀粉粒径、淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量和沉降值减小;面筋和粗蛋白含量变化不大。推测铭贤169种子的休眠性与种子母体成分有关,休眠解除期间发芽率变化受种皮结构、淀粉的分解程度、淀粉粒与蛋白质的结合方式、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和性质以及淀粉酶活性等因素影响。 相似文献
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The efficiency of microwave treatment in breaking the hard seed coat dormancy in Stylosanthes seabrana was compared with three other conventional methods including mechanical scarification, hot water treatment (100°C for 1 min) and acid scarification (5 min). The microwave treatment was as efficient in breaking hard seed coat dormancy as the hot water treatment. The ranking of treatments followed the order microwave ≥ hot water ≥ acid > mechanical scarification > control. The electrical conductivity of microwave‐treated seeds, although less than that of hot water, was greater than untreated control seeds, indicating increased permeability of the seed coat for water uptake. Seedling vigour, based on seedling length, was also similar for these treatments. Respiration was found to be higher in microwave‐treated seeds. Although levels of food reserves were not measured, future studies could hypothesize that increased imbibition of water in microwave‐treated seeds could cause a faster breakdown of food‐reserve material that is supplied to the germinating seed, resulting in increased evolution of CO2 through respiration. Scanning electron micrographs indicated the appearance of cracks and blisters on the seed surface of microwave‐treated seeds. These are most likely the sites of water entry during imbibition. 相似文献
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母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
种子休眠是品种穗发芽抗性的主导因素,休眠特性与母体效应和胚对ABA的敏感性均有密切关系。为了了解母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠的影响,为抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据,对穗发芽抗性不同的小麦品种及它们正反交F1后代授粉后不同发育阶段的胚进行了ABA敏感性鉴定,并对收获前的籽粒发芽能力进行了测定。结果表明,在种子发育过程中,不同基因型的离体胚萌发能力存在差异,抗穗发芽品种的胚对ABA敏感性明显高于易穗发芽品种,胚对ABA的敏感性与其萌发能力关系密切,随着萌发能力的升高,胚对ABA的敏感性降低。在成熟种子中,F1的休眠性偏向于抗性亲本。尽管成熟种子和胚的休眠表现出一定的母体效应,但母体对发育至成熟过程中胚的ABA敏感性并没有影响。因而,母体对种子休眠的影响可能与胚的ABA敏感性无关。 相似文献
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丁草胺对无芒稗种子的诱杀作用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
无芒稗颖果(俗称种子)切皮处理的发芽率达62%~81%。其休眠原因之一为籽实皮坚硬透水性差,胚得不到充足水分而处于休眠状态(属强迫型休眠)。丁草胺1.08 kg a.i./hm2能诱导休眠的无芒稗种子萌发并将其杀灭,其诱杀率达63%。丁草胺溶液浸种7 d。无芒稗种子有效发芽率达72%。较高温度(昼/夜:35℃/25℃)促进丁草胺诱导休眠无芒稗种子萌发。丁草胺作用于无芒稗颖果籽实皮,使中果皮细胞“栅栏”间距明显增大,内皮层管细胞减少,从而使无芒稗颖果籽实皮透水性增强,促进萌发。 相似文献
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本文研究了风干处理、发芽温度条件及果壳阻抑对芸薹属三个种种子休眠与萌发的影响,结果表明:(1)风干处理可使花后不同天数的种子完成后熟作用,促进种子的萌发,其破眠效果,尤以休眠浅的甘蓝型油菜为显著;(2)果壳对种子发芽有明显的阻抑作用,产生“强迫休眠”现象,其对种子的诱眠率,以休眠浅的甘蓝型油菜高于休眠深的芥莱型油菜;(3)油菜种子采收后先经风干,再在变温条件下发芽,其破眠效果高于单一风干或变温发芽。同时能有效地解除开花后20天以上幼嫩种子的休眠。 相似文献
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植物生长调节剂对毛萼紫薇种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自然条件下毛萼紫薇Lagerstroemia balansae结实率很高,但自然萌发率和成苗率极低。适合的植物生长调节剂处理种子,能够有效打破种子休眠、有效促进幼苗生长。本研究采用TTC染色法测定毛萼紫薇种子的生活力,比较5种植物生长调节剂GA3、TDZ、IAA、6-BA和NAA处理下毛萼紫薇种子的发芽率、发芽势及对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)毛萼紫薇种子生活力较低;(2)200 mg/L GA3处理的种子发芽势,发芽率较高,幼苗长势良好;其次是0.02 mg/L的TDZ处理,再次是200 mg/L IAA的处理;(3)1~20 mg/L的6-BA和NAA处理对毛萼紫薇种子的萌发无促进作用。上述结果表明:GA3、TDZ、IAA能有效促进毛萼紫薇种子的萌发及幼苗生长。 相似文献
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Narrow‐leaved bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus tenuis) is a perennial forage legume adapted to waterlogged and heavy and infertile soils and can replace alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in areas with these soils in Argentina. Its seeds are hard and water‐impermeable but the effects of environmental factors on seed dormancy and germination are not known. The objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that water availability during seed development and maturation affects the degree of hardseededness in L. tenuis by changing seed coat properties, conditioning water uptake through the seed coat; and subsequently affecting dormancy, germination and speed of germination. Seeds were harvested in December/January and in February in both 1993/1994 and 1994/1995 from a permanent pasture of L. tenuis growing in a Hapludol soil in San Miguel del Monte province of Buenos Aires. Environmental conditions of each anthesis‐harvest period were determined. Seeds of each harvest were subjected to chilling, washing and mechanical scarification. After 12 months seeds from each harvest were observed in a scanning electron microscope. The water deficit of the soil and relative humidity were greater in the second than the first anthesis‐harvest period in both seasons. In 1993/1994 the control treatment in December had a higher germination rate than the February control seeds (0·40 vs. 0·20) and a faster germination rate. Mechanical scarification and chilling significantly enhanced the germination rate (0·95) and its speed in seeds of both harvests. Low temperatures significantly enhanced germination rate, starting after 60 d for the seeds harvested in December, and 90 d for the seeds harvested in February. In 1994/1995 the results were similar but both the January and February control treatments had higher germination rates (0·60 vs. 0·40) than in the previous year. Seeds harvested in February were more dormant in both years. These differences could be explained by the conditions in February anthesis‐harvest period in both years that could have hastened the natural dehydration process of seed, changing integument structure and enhancing its impermeability. 相似文献
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休眠性是作物重要的农艺性状之一。本研究对31个刚收获的花生品种(系)进行发芽试验,以评价不同品种的休眠特性。结果表明,发芽率和萌发率都可以作为评价种子休眠性的指标。不同品种种子发芽率的变异范围为0~71.11%,20个品种(系)的发芽率低于10.0%,其中,徐9641等6个品种(系)的发芽率为0,表现为较强的休眠性;启海花生的发芽率为71.11%,休眠性较弱。相关分析表明,种子休眠性强弱与荚果、籽仁形状和小叶长度有关,长粒型种子和小叶较长的品种休眠性较强,而与其他农艺性状相关不显著。 相似文献