多效唑对金柿产量及生长发育的影响

【目的】探讨柿树矮化密植、早果丰产技术。【方法】于柿树生长期喷施不同浓度的多效唑（pp333）,分析多效唑对金柿产量及生长发育的影响。【结果】叶面喷施多效唑对金柿平均单株产量、坐果率、果枝率、成枝率均有显著影响。多效唑可极显著地抑制其营养生长,促进坐果,提高产量。其中以800mg／kg处理浓度效果最佳。【结论】喷施浓度800mg／kg多效唑可以有效抑制金柿营养生长,提高产量。     

叶面喷施硒肥对黑大豆生长及品质的影响

以临黑2号、临黑3号为试验材料,研究在大田生态模式下,花荚期叶面喷施不同浓度硒肥对夏播黑大豆产量构成因子和品质影响。结果表明:两个黑大豆品种叶面喷施不同浓度的绿维康有机富硒肥产量均有增加,但各处理间差异不显著;产量构成因子各处理间差异不显著,籽粒硒含量比对照显著增加。临黑2号在硒肥喷施浓度为0.1%时,产量最高,籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量最高,籽粒硒含量随硒肥浓度增加而增加;临黑3号在硒肥喷施浓度为0.2%时,产量最高,籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量最高,硒肥喷施浓度为0.3%时,籽粒硒含量达到最大。     

栽培密度对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】比较不同密度对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】对中秆和矮秆黄秋葵进行了6个栽培密度研究，分析密度对其生长发育及产量的影响。【结果】不同密度处理对中秆、矮秆黄秋葵的生育进程和花后4d嫩荚性状影响不大；对株高的影响较大，随着密度的加大，株高增高；对嫩荚产量的影响最大，中秆—黄啾葵在密度为37500株m2时产量最高，矮秆黄秋葵在密度为49500株／hm2时产量最高。【结论】确定了中秆黄秋葵与矮秆黄秋葵的适宜栽培密度分别为37500、49500株／hm2。     

菜豆矮化促花与产量提高的研究

以菜豆产量和植株生长量为指标,探讨根外喷施爱可对菜豆产量及植株性状的影响,为生产应用提供初步依据。通过药剂处理,菜豆从叶腋内基部开始开花结荚,整个植株相对矮化,产量提高。从农药矮化促花试验的6种不同农药中,筛选出爱可(烯肟10%·戊唑醇10%)药剂,分别在5个浓度下处理菜豆。结果表明,在菜豆苗期,喷施爱可600倍液2次,可促进菜豆通风透光,从而提高菜豆单产,增加总产量。     

湖北省饭豆地方种质资源鉴定与评价

[目的]对湖北右291份饭豆种质资源的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和评价[方法】试验材料按来源进行随机种植,田间观察生育期、花色、成熟荚色等;随机取样调查株高、分枝数、单株荚数、单荚粒数、荚长、粒色、百粒重和单株产量等农艺性状并对数据进行统计与相关性分析【结果】相关分析表明,单株结荚数与大部分数量性状都显著相关;分枝数对单荚粒数的影响最大,同时单荚粒数又对荚长产生显著影响;百粒重是最为稳定的产量性状,但容易受单株英教的影响另外,结合田间考察和筛选,发掘出了一批对饭豆遗传育种有益的种质资源材料,其中有2份优异的、丰产性好的种质,可直接应用于生产,或作为选育饭豆新品种的优良亲本材料【结论】湖北省饭豆资源在单株荚数和单株产量这两个性状上有丰富的遗传多样性     

“福青源”叶面营养液在大棚西瓜上的应用试验

【目的】对“富青源”叶面营养液在大棚西瓜上的应用效果进行研究。【方法】试验设3个处理,分别为20000倍叶面营养液喷施、30000倍叶面营养液喷施及清水喷施对照,进行效果对比试验。【结果】叶面喷施“富青源”叶面营养液能提高大棚西瓜产量21．5％～25．6％,并提高西瓜的糖分含量;结合西瓜产量和糖分含量分析,“富青源”叶面营养液20000倍稀释,在西瓜苗大田移栽14d后分3次喷施,隔7d喷施1次,施用效果最好。[结论】施用“富青源”叶面营养液能显著提高西瓜产量和改善西瓜品质。     

苗期不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响

【目的】通过喷施多效唑来达到高产所需的足穗,解决南方晚粳稻有效穗数不足的问题。【方法】设计以品种为主区、多效唑浓度为副区的裂区试验。以镇稻11和甬优2640为晚粳稻材料,以晚籼稻H优518为对照;多效唑浓度(以有效成分计)分别设A1(0 mg/L)、A2(84 mg/L)、A3(120 mg/L)、A4(156 mg/L)和A5(192mg/L)共5种施用水平。2014—2015年评估了不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响。【结果】随多效唑浓度增加,2年各品种秧苗苗高均逐渐降低;H优518及甬优2640秧苗叶龄及SPAD值逐渐增加,而镇稻11却先增后降;三品种秧苗单株根长、根数、分蘖数以及有效穗数、结实率、籽粒充实度和产量均随苗期喷施多效唑浓度的增加呈现先增后降趋势,其中H优518及甬优2640两品种的上述指标均在A4时最高,镇稻11在A3表现最佳。【结论】喷施适宜浓度多效唑可显著提高水稻秧苗素质、有效穗数及产量。其中,H优518及甬优2640以A4(156 mg/L)时产量表现最好,而镇稻11却在A3(120 mg/L)时产量达到最高。     

锰不同施用方式对大豆农艺性状与产量性状的影响

于2008～2009年利用大豆品种合丰55采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度锰溶液浸种配合叶面喷施不同浓度锰肥对大豆产量的影响,结果表明:锰浸种或叶面喷施均使株高、主茎节数表现先增后减的趋势,底荚高度随浸种浓度增加而呈现升高趋势,分枝数不施锰的处理最多.一粒荚、四粒荚、瘪荚和百粒重随浸种浓度增加呈先增后减的趋势,单株粒数随锰...     

苗期不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响

【目的】通过喷施多效唑来达到高产所需的足穗,解决南方晚粳稻有效穗数不足的问题。【方法】设计以品种为主区、多效唑浓度为副区的裂区试验。以镇稻11和甬优2640为晚粳稻材料,以晚籼稻H优518为对照;多效唑浓度(以有效成分计)分别设A₁(0 mg/L)、A₂(84 mg/L)、A₃(120 mg/L)、A₄(156 mg/L)和A₅(192 mg/L)共5种施用水平。2014—2015年评估了不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响。【结果】随多效唑浓度增加,2年各品种秧苗苗高均逐渐降低;H优518及甬优2640秧苗叶龄及SPAD值逐渐增加,而镇稻11却先增后降;三品种秧苗单株根长、根数、分蘖数以及有效穗数、结实率、籽粒充实度和产量均随苗期喷施多效唑浓度的增加呈现先增后降趋势,其中H优518及甬优2640两品种的上述指标均在A₄时最高,镇稻11在A₃表现最佳。【结论】喷施适宜浓度多效唑可显著提高水稻秧苗素质、有效穗数及产量。其中,H优518及甬优2640以A₄(156 mg/L)时产量表现最好,而镇稻11却在A₃(120 mg/L)时产量达到最高。     

叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对加工型马铃薯生长的影响

通过使用不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液进行加工型马铃薯叶面喷施,研究不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾叶面喷施对加工型马铃薯的生长效应。试验结果表明:随着磷酸二氢钾浓度的提高,马铃薯株高、茎粗、地上部干重和块茎粗淀粉、蛋白质、干物质、维生素C含量增加,产量显著增加,当磷酸二氢钾浓度提高到一定程度时产量开始下降,增产效果随浓度的提高呈抛物线型的变化趋势;磷酸二氢钾溶液叶面喷施马铃薯浓度为0.3%时,其产量最高,品质最佳。     

Pod Dehiscence in Relation to Chemical Components of Pod Shell in Soybean

Abstract

The relationship between chemical components of pod shell and pod dehiscence was investigated using 25 soybean cultivars; 16 with easily dehiscing pods (susceptible cultivars) and 9 with hardly dehiscing pods (resistant cultivars). After air-drying for about three weeks, the pod shells were ground and analyzed for the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemi-cellulose (HCe), cellulose (Ce), uronic acid and calcium. The correlation of the contents of chemical components with the percentage of pod dehiscence (%PD) was examined by principal component analysis. The first principal ingredient score was given by the formula; score = – 0.421[ADF] – 0.038[ADL] + 0.821[HCe] – 0.382[Ce] + 20.556, where, [ADF], [ADL], [HCe] and [Ce] are percentage of each component in dried pod shell. This score gave an eigenvalue of 30.2 and contribution rate of 97.1%, and the score was higher in the susceptible cultivars than in the resistant cultivars on the average. The multiple regression analysis of the relationship between %PD and the content of chemical components also showed that %PD was best predicted by the regression equation with two chemical components, [HCe] and [Ce]. Water retention capacity and cellulose crystallinity of the pod shell were less different between the susceptible and resistant cultivars. The results in this study suggested that the chemical analysis of dry pod shell may provide useful information on breeding and selection of the resistant cultivars.     

Root signal controls pod growth in drought-stressed soybean during the critical,abortion-sensitive phase of pod development

Root-originated chemical signals have been shown to regulate the response of vegetative shoot to drought in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.). However, their roles in the growth of soybean reproductive structures under drought stress have not yet been investigated. To explore this, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in which potted soybeans were either well-watered (WW) or subjected to six levels of drought stress. Irrigation was withheld in pots at six different dates before anthesis to induce drought of different severity (D1–D6) at sampling, viz. 4 days after anthesis (DAA). Root water potential, leaf water potential, pod water potential, xylem sap [ABA], pod fresh weight (FW), and pod set percentage were determined. Soil water status in the pot was expressed as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Pod FW started to decrease at FTSW=0.43±0.02, when pod water potential was similar to that in the WW plants, while root water potential had decreased to −0.15 MPa and xylem sap [ABA] had increased 9-fold as compared with the WW plants. Pod set started to decrease at FTSW=0.30±0.01, and coincided with the decrease in pod water potential. Pod set started to decrease only when pod FW had decreased ca. 30%. Based on the results, a potential role of drought-induced increase in xylem sap ABA in affecting pod growth was suggested. We proposed that a low pod water potential, which might have led to disruptions in metabolic activities in the pods, is important in determining pod abortion.     

香草兰豆荚加工过程物性测定与风味电子感官分析

香草兰豆荚加工过程分为杀青、发汗、干燥和陈化四个阶段,期间豆荚颜色改变并产生香味。为了探究香草兰豆荚加工过程中物理状态变化对生香反应的影响及表征作用,本文对加工四个阶段豆荚水分含量、p H等物理性质进行了检测,并对三种不同处理方式的豆荚进行了感官分析。实验结果表明:鲜豆荚及杀青豆荚为鲜绿色,发汗后的豆荚变为褐色后逐渐变深;杀青豆荚水分含量最高,加工中水分含量逐渐减少,整个加工过程豆荚p H小于5.5且呈降低趋势;鲜豆荚豆腥味较重,陈化后豆荚豆腥味弱而香草味强;电子感官分析结果表明经过冷冻捣碎和加水磨浆处理的豆荚嗅觉和味觉属性均不同,添加香兰素对味觉属性有影响但对嗅觉属性影响较小,煮沸对豆荚味觉属性有影响。     

常见食用豆类提取液抗氧化特性研究

以大豆(黄豆)、绿大豆、黑大豆、黑小豆、蚕豆、绿豆、赤豆、刀豆、芸豆、饭豆、麻豇豆、花豇豆、豌豆、小扁豆、鹰嘴豆等为原料,采用清除[DPPH·]自由基和猪油体系的抗氧化试验来测定其抗氧化特性,为食用豆类功能特性的开发利用提供参考.结果表明:刀豆、黑小豆、花豇豆清除[DPPH·]自由基的能力明显强于其他豆类,鹰嘴豆、绿大豆、黄大豆清除自由基能力较弱.刀豆、芸豆、饭豆的提取液能显著延长猪油氧化的诱导时间,表现出很强的抗猪油氧化能力,赤豆、蚕豆、花豇豆的抗猪油氧化能力则相对较弱.     

源库对不同生长习性大豆固氮酶活性的影响

本文研究了摘英、摘心和去叶处理对不同生长习性不大豆根瘤固氮酶活性的影响，结果表明，摘荚处理对无限型大豆固氮酶活性（ＡＲＡ）无明显影响，而使有限型和亚有限大豆的ＡＲＡ明显降低。摘心和去叶处理使三种生长习性大豆ＡＲＡ降低；摘英、摘心和去叶处理使三种生长习性大豆根瘤中酰脲含量增加；去叶处理使有限型大豆幼茎中酰脲含量明显增加，但对无限型和亚有限型大豆影响不大。摘英处理使有限型和亚有限型大豆幼茎中酰脲含量明     

不同生育期干旱对花生衰老特性及产量的影响

在防雨棚池栽和盆栽条件下,通过人工控水研究了不同生育期干旱对花生衰老特性和产量的影响。研究表明,不同生育期干旱均导致花生叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、SOD、POD、CAT活性和花生根系活力的降低,致叶片MDA含量提高,其中花针期和结荚期干旱对花生衰老特性影响最大。干旱处理均导致荚果产量、生物产量降低,花针期和结荚期干旱对花生产量形成影响最大。     

Roles of Auxin and Cytokinin in Soybean Pod Setting

Abstract

Soybean plants differentiate abundant floral buds, but most of them fail to grow pods and abort during development. Many studies indicated promotive effects of exogenously applied cytokinin on pod setting, but the effects of auxin application on pod set are ambiguous. In this study, we examined the changes in the concentrations of endogenous auxin and cytokinin in racemes and the effects of application of the two hormones on pod setting to clarify the role of auxin and cytokinin in soybean pod setting. The long-raceme soybean genotype IX93-100 was grown in pots and in the field. The auxin (IAA, indoleacetic acid) concentration in racemes was high for a long period from pre-anthesis to 9 days after anthesis (DAA) of the first flower on a raceme, but the cytokinin concentration was high for a short period, with a peak at 9 DAA. The IAA concentration was higher in distal portions of racemes, but the cytokinin concentration was higher in basal portions of racemes. In pot-grown plants, IAA applied to racemes tended to reduce the number of flowers and pods. In contrast, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) applied to racemes before anthesis tended to reduce the number of flowers and pods, and that applied around 7 DAA significantly increased the pod-set percentage. However, these effects of IAA and BA application were slight in field-grown plants. These results indicate that the concentration of endogenous auxin and cytokinin in racemes changes in a different manner, and that cytokinins have a positive, and auxin a negative effect on pod setting when respective hormones are applied to racemes after the anthesis stage.     

不同抑芽剂对烟草腋芽抑制效果研究

[目的]比较生产上不同抑芽剂对烟草腋芽的抑制效果。[方法]分别在2009年于7个试验点及2010年于6个试验点采用4种烟草抑芽荆进行田间药效试验,对其防治效果进行分析。[结果]试验表明,125g／L氟节胺乳油和2种不同厂家的330g／L二甲戊灵乳油对烟草腋芽的防治效果与对照药剂36％仲丁灵乳油相当,对烟草腋芽均有较好的作用效果。【结论】试验中3种抑芽剂均有较好的防治效果,可在烟草生产中使用。     

Detection of epistasis,and estimation of additive and dominance components of genetic variation for synchrony in pod maturity in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Genetics of days to first flowering, first pod maturity, 90% pod maturity, and duration of the period from first flower to 90% pod maturity (DDd₁) and from first pod maturity to 90% pod maturity (DDd₂) [degree of non-synchrony of pod maturity] were investigated in mungbean using the triple test cross (TTC) technique. Ten diverse genotypes were crossed with two true breeding testers (L₁ and L₂) and the F₁ hybrid of the tester lines (L₃). The resultant single and three-way crosses were evaluated in two seasons (kharif and spring/summer).Epistatic variation was found to be an integral part of inheritance of days to first flower in both seasons and days to first pod maturity only in kharif season. Further partitioning of total epistasis revealed that additive×additive (i type) interactions had a major role in the inheritance of these traits.In the absence of epistasis both additive and dominance genetic components were significant for days to 90% pod maturity, DDd₁, and DDd₂ in both seasons, and for days to first flower in spring/summer season. The additive genetic component was predominant for days to 90% pod maturity and DDd₂ in both seasons and for DDd₁ in spring/summer season, whereas the dominance component was important for days to first flower and DDd₁ in the spring/summer season. The direction of dominance was towards early maturity of 90% pods and late maturity of the first pod. The significant additive genetic component in DDd₁ and DDd₂ could be exploited in later generations for developing mungbean genotypes with improved synchrony in pod maturity.     

不同施氮水平对两系杂交油菜两优586产量及经济性状的影响

不同施氮试验结果表明，施纯氮225kg/hm^2是两系杂交油菜两优586的最佳施氮肥水平，产量达到2396.55kg/hm^2。产量构成因素以单株有效角果数对产量影响较大，每角粒数对产量影响较小。随施氮量的增加，单株一次有效分枝数增加，每角粒数变化较小，千粒重 单株有效角果呈先增后减的趋势。