卤虫虾片喂养中国对虾实验

卤虫（Artemia）也叫丰年虾（brineshrimp）是一种耐高盐度的小型低等甲壳动物，分布很广，凡有盐田或盐湖的水域，几乎都有它们的踪迹。它们是鱼虾幼体阶段发育生长的优质活饵料。     

卤虫虾片对水体pH值的影响

通过喂养中国对虾幼体试验，分别以卤虫虾片试验组和传统饵对照组进行。试验表明，在幼体成活率方面，前者稍优于后者，在养殖水体的最主要指标PH方面，二者差别不大。说明投喂卤虫虾片对中国对虾幼体的成活率和水质无良影响，用低值的卤虫虾片代替部分或全部高价的活体饵料是切实可行的，能够满足育苗需要。     

卤虫的营养

卤虫(Arem ia)是水产经济动物苗种生产中重要的活饵料之一,卤虫营养价值的高低直接影响到苗种生产的成败与效益。笔者拟就卤虫的营养价值研究作一综述,供学者参考。1卤虫粗蛋白及氨基酸的研究卤虫一直被水产界认为是高蛋白的生物饵料。不同发育阶段、不同产地和不同投喂条件下的卤虫,其体内的粗蛋白含量不同。随着卤虫的生长,粗蛋白的含量有逐步增加的趋势。国内文献报道卤虫卵粗蛋白含量为45.44%[1],卤虫去壳卵的粗蛋白含量为43.03%~57%[1-3],以新疆巴里坤盐湖卤虫卵粗蛋白含量最高(57%),卤虫初孵无节幼体粗蛋白含量为54.61%~59.92%[2],养…     

饵料对卤虫,金丝鱼和对虾脂肪酸组成的影响

研究了饵料对卤虫(Artemia salina)、金丝鱼(Tonichthys albonubes Lin)和对虾(Penaeus orientalis)脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,饵料中的脂肪酸影响到上述养殖对象体内的脂肪酸。为了提高养殖对象体内Omega—3(ω—3,也有用n—3)多烯脂肪酸含量,可以选择富含ω—3多烯脂肪酸的生物饵料,也可用富含ω—3多烯脂肪酸的人工配合饵料。     

纤细裸藻及其对轮虫、卤虫的营养强化

前言 近二十年来,有关鱼类营养需求的研究,取得了显著的进展,特别是已普遍认识到作为必需脂肪酸的n—3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n—3HUFA)的重要性。尤其是在仔鱼期中,生物饵料的投喂不可缺少,n—3HUFA的提供十分重要。现在几乎所有的种苗生产工艺中,都是采用微绿球藻Nannochlorapsis或市售的营养强化饲料,对生物饵料进行营养强化。 作为天然存在的n—3HUFA,绝大部分是EPA(廿碳五烯酸)和DHA(廿二碳六烯酸)。最近,在真鲷、缟鲹、鰤鱼和日本对虾等,对它们二者的必需脂肪酸效果进行比较。其结果,     

不同产地卤虫及卵的氨基酸含量的比较

卤虫(Artemia)又称盐水丰年虫(Brineshrimp),属节肢动物门甲壳纲。除地球两极外,世界各地的大部分含盐水体中都有分布。卤虫是鱼、虾、蟹等水生生物的优良天然饵料,它具有生活周期短,生殖能力强,休眠卵可以长期保存随时孵化等优点,而且卤虫的成体、幼体和脱壳卵均可用作饵料。近年来国外     

卤虫的营养强化及其在水产养殖中的应用

卤虫作为水产养殖业饵料的营养价值,可以通过用富含必需脂肪酸,特别是（Ｎ－３）高不饱和脂肪酸（ＨＵＦＡ）的强化得到加强。本文介绍了英国、日本、法国、比利时等国的卤虫营养强化技术及强化饵料,并对营养强化卤虫在水产养殖上的具体应用进行了综述。     

卤虫无节幼体的收集方法

工具：黑布一块，其大小以能覆盖整个孵化池顶部为宜，并留一直径10厘米左右的圆孔，以备分离卤虫幼体时将水下吊灯和橡胶管穿过此孔放入池内；水下吊灯一个；长6米的橡胶管2～4根；用100目筛绢网缝制成如同面袋大小的收集网袋数条。     

轮虫、卤虫营养强化研究进展

轮虫和卤虫具有丰富的营养价值,是鱼类和甲壳类幼体培育的重要饵料。文章从轮虫和卤虫营养强化剂的选择、营养成分、强化方法和时间等层面概述了该领域的研究进展,可为开展轮虫、卤虫的营养强化以及在水产养殖中的应用提供参考。     

稀土元素镧Ⅲ对海水卤虫孵化率及变态率的影响

本文研究了单一稀土镧元素对海水卤虫孵化率、变态率、成虫率的影响及卤虫对镧元素的吸收.实验发现:1.8mg/L镧元素实验组比对照提高孵化率16.5％,且二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);0.3～0.9mg/L实验组可提高由无节幼体变为蚤扶幼体的变态率57.3～57.8％,它们与对照组之间存在着显著性差异(P<0.01);1.5mg/L、1.8mg/L两实验组比对照组提高成虫率12.0～13.0％,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Fish antibiotherapy: bioencapsulation of flumequine using adult brine shrimp (Artemia salina)

Optimization of antibiotic delivery strategies to aquatic environment and to the specific characteristics of the target species is essential for the improvement of bacterial infection control measures. This work aimed at standardizing the use of Artemia salina to deliver flumequine to fish as antimicrobial treatment. Adult Artemia were used to bioencapsulate flumequine. A flumequine concentration of 358 μg mL⁻¹ was found adequate to perform bioencapsulation during 24 h without causing mortality. Antibiotic concentration in Artemia, quantified by means of a microbiological assay based on MIC determination, using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as control strain was 256.55 mg g⁻¹ (±71.22). The therapeutic doses of 10 mg kg⁻¹ BW, calculated on the basis of a consumption of about 4% BW/day, would then be delivered by the consumption of 7.8 Artemia g⁻¹ of fish.     

Comparison of four antibiotics with indigenous marine Bacillus spp. in controlling pathogenic bacteria from shrimp and Artemia

Use of antibiotics for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp culture has caused several adverse impacts to the industry. This has resulted in the search for alternative environment friendly approaches to overcome bacterial infections. This study was conducted to investigate the use of beneficial bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Ten pathogenic bacterial species isolated from shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and Artemia cysts were tested for susceptibility to indigenous marine Bacillus subtilis AB65, Bacillus pumilus AB58, Bacillus licheniformis AB69 and compared with oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and bacitracin, which are common antibiotics used in Asian aquaculture. The Bacillus spp. were isolated from the local marine environment for bioremediation use in shrimp hatcheries and were proven to reduce total ammonium nitrogen. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were 90% susceptible to B. subtilis AB65, 70% susceptible to B. pumilus AB58 and B. licheniformis AB69 and 100% susceptible to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin but only 40% to bacitracin. Two representative isolates of the vibrio group, Vibrio alginolyticus VaM11 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus VpM1, when tested for competitive exclusion by a common broth method using the marine Bacillus spp., showed decreased viable counts from 10(8) to 10(2) cfu mL(-1). The results suggest that the action of the marine bacteria appears to be significant in protecting the host shrimp against pathogenic bacteria. In addition to the alternative use of antibiotics, the selected marine bacteria had additional bioremediation properties of reducing ammonia.     

卤虫生物包囊在水产动物疾病防治中的研究现状及展望

在水产养殖中,“生物包囊”就是指以饵料生物作为载体包裹营养物质或药物,鱼虾通过摄食这种饵料生物达到营养强化、防治疾病等目的。本文以卤虫为代表,介绍了国内外利用生物包囊防治水产动物疾病方面的研究现状：包囊的优点、强化研究、药代学分析、防治效果等。并对研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向进行了分析探讨。     

Data envelopment analysis for production efficiency improvement: An empirical application on brine shrimp Artemia franciscana culture in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Artemia culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is becoming more and more important to satisfy the global demands of cyst production. Nevertheless, Artemia cyst productivity in the Mekong Delta has been fluctuating largely due to not only technical inefficiencies and external factors but also farms’ characteristics. This study employed a data envelopment analysis to evaluate the production efficiencies in correlation with biological and cost inputs of Artemia culture in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu located in the Mekong Delta. The key factors affecting technical efficiency (TE) were determined using ordinary least squares regression model. The empirical results indicated that production efficiencies of farms in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu were similar with metatechnology ratios of 0.97 and 0.96 respectively. About 62.8% of surveyed farms were operating in technically inefficient circumstances. Farmers’ experience, educational level and culture technique training participation had positive effects on TE, while climate effects and water problems have been proved to have negative effects on TE. To improve production efficiency, inefficient farms are suggested to have moderately increasing combinations of organic fertilizer, chemical and feed. The use of probiotics should be reduced as it increases production cost and affects TE. Notably, a collaboration of scientists and feed processing companies is recommended to produce a specific formulated feed for Artemia in commercial scales. This study also proposes adaptive policies for local governments and cooperatives to assist coastal famers in the Mekong Delta overcome technical inefficiencies, improve cyst productivity and obtain economic sustainability in Artemia culture.     

用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素和壳聚糖

介绍了用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素及壳聚糖的方法及过程,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的检测并与美国标准谱图库检索出的用蟹壳制备的壳聚糖光谱图对照,证实丰年虫卵壳制备的壳聚糖。     

Bioencapsulation and pharmacokinetic study of oxolinic acid in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), Artemia franciscana nauplii and metanauplii

The uptake of oxolinic acid by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia franciscana nauplii and metanauplii was studied as a function of its concentration in the enrichment medium and the duration of the enrichment period. An emulsion containing 5, 10, 20 or 30% (w/w) oxolinic acid was administered and the enrichment period lasted 4, 8, 12 or 36 h. Highest incorporation of oxolinic acid was achieved using a 20% emulsion and a 12 h enrichment for rotifers (205.05 ± 17.1 μg g^?1 dry weight), a 24 h enrichment for nauplii (2528.8 ± 254.6 μg g^?1 dry weight), and an 8 h enrichment for metanauplii (1236.58 ± 22.9 μg g^?1 dry weight). Higher concentrations of oxolinic acid in the enrichment emulsion or longer enrichment times resulted in decreased survival. Two hours post enrichment the contents of the drug appeared significantly decreased. The concentration data of oxolinic acid were best fit to a two phase exponential elimination model, the first phase elimination half‐life (t_1/2α) being 1.86, 1.08 and 1.74 and the terminal phase elimination half‐life (t_1/2β) 26.83, 29.67 and 17.48 in rotifers, nauplii and metanauplii correspondingly. Enrichment with an emulsion containing 20% oxolinic acid is recommended employing a duration of 12, 24, or 8 h enrichment for rotifers, nauplii and metanauplii respectively, while enriched carriers should be used shortly after enrichment.     

卤虫卵孵化强化剂的生产工艺及应用研究

研制出卤虫卵孵化强化剂及其生产工艺,对天津塘沽盐田和新疆艾比湖的卤虫卵利用孵化强化剂进行了孵化对比试验,分为试验组和对照组,其中试验组添加孵化强化剂,在相同条件下与对照组进行对比试验。结果表明,添加Ⅰ型孵化强化剂的试验组,孵化率平均增幅高达16％,添加Ⅱ型孵化强化剂的试验组,孵化率平均增幅为5％,增幅显著,证明了孵化强化剂具有提高卤虫卵孵化率的功能。     

Complete and partial replacement of Artemia nauplii by Moina micrura during early postlarval culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti)

Growth rate, soluble protein content, osmotic stress and digestive enzyme activity were studied in early Litopenaeus schmitti postlarvae under different feeding regimens, by partially or completely replacing Artemia nauplii with Moina micrura. Growth was significantly higher in the postlarvae fed with a mixture of M. micrura, Artemia nauplii and algae (0.030 mg dry weight (dw) larva^?1 day^?1, 17.4 ± 2.1% day^?1), together with the postlarvae fed on Artemia nauplii and algae (0.027 mg dw larva^?1 day^?1, 18.3 ± 1.9% day^?1). Complete replacement of Artemia nauplii by M. micrura produced the lowest growth rate (0.018 mg dw larva^?1 day^?1, 14.3 ± 1.6% day^?1) and induced the highest protease and α‐amylase activities and lower soluble protein contents. No significant difference among the treatments could be detected in postlarval resistance to osmotic stress. Based on the growth results, soluble protein content, enzymatic activity and osmotic stress resistance, we determined that the partial replacement of Artemia nauplii by M. micrura did not affect the growth, the soluble protein content and the nutritional state in the postlarvae of L. schmitti. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of M.micrura as feed for early postlarvae of L. schmitti.     

Uptake and metabolism of a particulate form of ascorbic acid by Artemia nauplii and juveniles

A study was conducted to establish whether a particulate form of ascorbic acid (AA), ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate (A2P), could be used to enrich Artemia. In the first experiment, we examined the efficiency of A2P conversion to and maintenance of AA by juvenile Artemia (1.5 mm, 5‐day‐old) held at 9000 L^?1 and 28 °C for 24 h. Maximal uptake and assimilation was >10 000 μg AA g^?1 dry weight (dw) (representing >1%Artemia dw) at enrichment rates of ≥1.2 g A2P L^?1. In the second experiment, a similar biomass of instar II/III nauplii (1 mm, 2‐day‐old) and juvenile (2.5 mm, 8‐day‐old) Artemia were enriched for 6 or 24 h at 28 °C before starvation for 6 or 24 h at 18 or 28 °C. At 0 h and after 6 and 24 h enrichment, AA levels were 485, 3468 and 11 080 μg g^?1 dw in nauplii and 122, 4286 and 12 470 μg g^?1 dw in juveniles. When Artemia nauplii or juveniles were enriched for 6 h and starved for 6 h at 18 or 28 °C, there was no significant reduction in AA. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C reduced the level of AA to 3367 and 2482 μg g^?1 dw in nauplii and 3068 and 2286 μg g^?1 dw in juveniles. After 24 h enrichment, 6 h of starvation at 18 and 28 °C reduced AA to 8847 and 7899 μg g^?1 dw in nauplii and to 9053 and 8199 μg g^?1 dw in juveniles. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C further reduced AA levels in nauplii to 6977 and 4078 μg g^?1 dw and to 7583 and 5114 μg g^?1 dw in juveniles. This study demonstrated that A2P could be assimilated as AA in the body tissue of different‐sized Artemia in a dose‐dependant manner and AA was depleted during starvation depending on time and temperature.