大田喷灌工程管理模式探讨

对大田喷灌工程管理模式进行了探讨。提出了由乡镇集体统一管理的灌溉供水协会。在规定了协会的性质、任务的基础上，对组建协会的程序、协会的组织机构、协会的章程包括各项规章制度的制定，人员的管理、教育，以及抗旱服务队人员的管理方式等作了详细地阐述。这种统管模式有利于发挥行业优势，保证了工程良性运行，为发展水利产业提供了一种新的管理模式。     

喷灌工程的规划设计

喷灌又称喷洒灌溉，它是利用专门的喷灌设备将水加压后送到灌溉地段，并喷射到空中粉碎成细小的水滴、均匀地洒落在田间进行灌溉的方法。与传统地面灌水技术不同，喷灌采用有压管道输水，灌溉水在田间是自上而下落在作物叶面和土壤表面来进行灌溉的，所以在输水、灌水、作物吸水的灌水环节中，喷灌都具有特有的节水增产作用。而且喷灌具有特别强的适应性，除多风地区需慎用外，各种地形、作物都可采用喷灌，同时在补水灌溉之外，喷灌还有其他一些用途，诸如施肥、防尘、降温等。但是，喷灌需要有过硬的设备，且应用技术性很强。经过数十年的…     

关于喷灌工程节能问题的探讨

喷灌与地面灌溉相比 ,是否一定节能 ,存在一个临界状态。为此 ,通过喷灌工程节能问题的计算分析 ,建立了喷灌节能方程 ,推算出了平原提水灌区的临界节能参数 ;经过实例测试验算 ,提出喷灌工程今后发展的需求 ,并进一步说明喷灌应因地制宜地发展     

湖南省喷灌工程经济效益分析评价

到1991年底,湖南省已建灌溉设施111.3万亩,通过调查资料,对其历年喷灌工程的经济效益进行了计算、分析,并且结果与实际情况基本吻合。     

谈谈喷灌工程的管理与发展

通过对现有喷灌工程的管理进行分析，探讨喷灌工程如何适应当前我国农村经济体制改革与发展的管理问题及新建喷灌工程需要解决的问题，促进喷灌事业的发展。     

Water delivery models for irrigation projects

Water is the most essential input for the development of agriculture. However, its availability, in developing countries, for gainfull utilisation is limited. This calls for spreading irrigation to the benefit of the largest possible section of the farmers. A successful irrigation water delivery model must ensure equity among the beneficiaries or land-holding based allocation, their active participation, and its availability at right time and right place. In this context the performance of various models, as practised in India, has been reviewed. It is inferred that: a) water cooperatives or societies are not a success, b) volumetric system is not economically feasible, and c) warabandi model — as adopted in Northern India is the most suitable having been tested over a century. A few suggestions for further improvement in its structure have also been listed.     

喷灌发展与土地经营模式的思考

发展喷灌要因地制宜，采用与土地经营模式相适应的喷灌形式是保证喷灌生命力的一个重要前提。通过对国内外发展喷灌中采用的主要形式及其土地经营模式的分析，总结了国内外喷灌发展中的经验。针对我国现行的农村生产体制，对我国喷灌发展的提出了个人的见解；改进现有机型，发展适合我国农村土地经营模式的喷灌设备，从而促进我国喷灌的健康发展。     

A Pearson distribution model describing sprinkler irrigation efficiency

A Pearson type III distribution model is used to simulate water distribution from rotating sprinklers. Using an analytical-numerical approach graphs were constructed for easy calculation of the performance parameters such as adequately irrigated area, mean deficit and deep percolation efficiency. In order to achieve this the coefficient of skewness was assumed to be a constant multiple of the coefficient of variation. Thus the Pearson type III distribution parameters were expressed as functions of the coefficient of variation.     

广东省的蔬菜喷灌

广东省的喷灌是６０年代从蔬菜喷灌的基础上发展起来的。早期对喷灌的认识还仅仅停留在节省劳动力的范围。经过１０多年的实践,蔬菜喷灌的优点日益显示,能够减少有害物质的污染,减少病虫害发生,改善田间环境,增加产量,省工,省水,使群众吃上放心菜。     

Computer evaluation of sprinkler irrigation uniformity

Summary A method for evaluating the water application rate (WAR) and uniformity coefficient (Cu) of overlapping irrigation sprinklers is given for realistic field conditions which includes wind drift of the sprinkler spray. The method requires as input — the geometry of the sprinkler arrangement, trajectories of water drops from the sprinkler nozzle as calculated by the equations of motion and the WAR distribution (discharge) profile of a single sprinkler experimentally observed under windless conditions. Wind direction with respect to the main sprinkler line is shown to have a small effect on Cu and is assumed to be parallel to the main line. Results show that the effect of wind drift of sprinkler spray on Cu can be neglected for wind velocities less than 1 ms^–1 (Fig. 8). Analysis of simulated discharge profiles (Table 1) shows that the maximum value of the uniformity coefficient was obtained with triangular sprinkler discharge profiles at low values of spacing, changing to trapezoidal profiles as the spacing increases (Figs. 8 and 9). The effect of nozzle pressure on WAR was evaluated for the pressure range between 294 and 490 kPa and an optimum layout of overlapping sprinklers, designed to minimize the effect of wind drift and nozzle pressure on the uniformity of WAR distribution, is presented.Notation C _D air drag coefficient of water drop - Cu uniformity coefficient - D diameter of water drop - d _k reference k-th water drop - incremental scanning distance at a certain size matrix - g acceleration of gravity - h _pm mean value of water application rate (mean value of WAR) - h (x, y) WAR at points P (x, y) - h _o (k, n) WAR at points P _o (k, n) - h _p (l, m) WAR at cross points of a certain size matrix covering the unit area for calculation of Cu - i row index number (see Fig. 3) - j column index number (see Fig. 3) - K Kàrmán's constant - k index number of water drop, d _k - L number of scanning points along main line - l index number of scanning point along main line - M number of scanning points along the line perpendicular to main line - m index number of scanning point along the line perpendicular to main line     

Assessing whole-field sprinkler irrigation application uniformity

In order to assess whole-field sprinkler irrigation uniformity, an experiment was conducted to obtain water distribution profiles at 23 different pressures for each of five different sprinklers: Nelson R33, Nelson R33LP, Nelson R33 with road guard, Nelson R33LP with road guard, and Rainbird Mini Paw/LG-3. A mathematical model was developed to account for pressure variation throughout a fixed sprinkler system on a 10-ha field and to evaluate sprinkler irrigation uniformity for the whole field using interpolated water distribution profiles from the experimental data. The relationships between irrigation application uniformity and sprinkler pressure, sprinkler spacing, pressure variation, sprinkler type, and field topography were studied using the model. The results show that the coefficient of uniformity, CU, decreases rapidly when the pressure is below the low end of the manufacturer-recommended range; however, CU changes very little with pressure within the manufacturer-recommended range. The system application uniformity, CU_sys, is usually less when pressure variations at different locations in a field are considered, and a simple previously published equation to predict CU_sys is shown to closely approximate the CU from a more stringent calculation method. It was found that the impact of pressure variation (within the tested ranges) on application uniformity is less than that of the sprinkler spacing. Also, the effect of field topography on sprinkler application uniformity is relatively small for the cases tested herein.     

桔园喷灌增产机理和灌溉制度探讨

喷灌是柑桔等经济作物先进的灌溉方式,充分认为柑桔喷灌增产机理,采用合理的灌溉制度,对提高柑桔产量和品质有十分积极的意义。     

喷灌自动化技术研究与示范

本文主要介绍了喷灌自动化技术研究与示范项目的来源、研究内容、电路结构及监控软件设计，对该系统的主要功能和特点也做了详尽分析，最后指出本项目已通过专家鉴定，具有良好的推广应用价值。