Detection of the Ki-67 Proliferation Associated Nuclear Epitope in Normal Canine Tissues Using the Monoclonal Antibody MIB-1

This report describes the immunohistochemical detection of the Ki-67 proliferation associated nuclear epitope by means of the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in paraffin tissue sections from nine samples of 16 tissues obtained from nine dogs. Three parameters were considered: the localization of the cells expressing the Ki-67 epitope, the cytological characteristics of the Ki-67 expression, and the proliferative activity of some of the tissues measured by means of the proliferative index (percentage of Ki-67 positive cells measured on 500 and 1000 cells). The MIB-1 mAb reacts with the nuclei of proliferating cells, as in humans. The proliferative index was far from representative, but we were able to give a range of values concerning the proliferative activity of normal tissues. This study serves as a basis for the expression of the Ki-67 antigen by normal canine tissues in order to visualize the proliferative compartments and, thus, allows its application as a proliferative marker in routine veterinarian histopathology.     

Usefulness of Ki-67 proliferation marker in the cytologic identification of liver tumors in dogs

BACKGROUND: Performing a biopsy is currently the best method of diagnosing liver disease. To reduce possible risk factors resulting from a biopsy, liver cytology can provide an alternative technique. The diagnostic accuracy of cytology for identifying liver tumors is, however, limited. The results of cytology might be improved by using immunochemistry for Ki-67, a proliferation marker, on liver cytology specimens. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Ki-67 immunochemistry on liver cytologic specimens from dogs for identifying neoplastic diseases of the liver, by comparing the results to histologic findings. METHODS: Liver biopsy and cytology samples were obtained from 30 dogs with hepatic disease. All samples were evaluated by an anatomic pathologist and a cytopathologist. Parallel Ki-67 immunochemistry of histologic and cytologic samples was performed. The gradation of Ki-67 expression in histologic and cytologic samples was assessed. RESULTS: Cytologic specimens of liver tumors (n = 9) showed <50% Ki-67-positive cells. Twenty of 21 cases of non-neoplastic liver disease had no or few single Ki-67-positive cells. Using Ki-67, the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic evaluation was increased from 78% to 100% for malignant neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the cytologic evaluation of liver together with Ki-67 immunochemistry can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cytology for liver neoplasia.     

猪圆环病毒2型Rep’蛋白单克隆抗体制备及其抗原表位鉴定

为制备猪圆环病毒2型Rep’蛋白单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用淋巴细胞瘤杂交技术制备其MAb,获得了1株能够稳定分泌抗PCV2-Rep’蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为3D1株。MAb亚类鉴定为IgG1/κ型,腹水效价达1∶819 200。Western blot分析表明,该MAb可与重组杆状病毒表达的PCV2-rRep’和PCV2-rRep蛋白发生特异性反应,具有良好的特异性和反应原性。采用MAb对PCV2感染细胞中Rep’蛋白抗原性进行了鉴定,证明该MAb能够与病毒Rep’蛋白产生特异性反应。采用合成肽扫描法对MAb对应的抗原表位鉴定,其核心序列为61FANFVKKQTFNKV73,位于PCV2-Rep’蛋白的N末端。制备的MAb及其抗原表位鉴定,为该病毒分子生物学及诊断技术的研究奠定了基础。     

The ontogeny of various cell populations defined by monoclonal antibodies in the primary lymphoid organs of the sheep

Monoclonal antibodies specific for various cell surface markers in sheep were employed to study the ontogeny of the immune system in this species. The temporal sequence of appearance of various cell populations of hematopoietic origin is described in the course of fetal development of the liver, spleen, thymus, ileal Payer's patches and bone marrow.     

Radiolocalization of bovine lymphosarcoma cells in athymic mice, using a monoclonal antibody against tumor-associated antigens

Mouse monoclonal antibody c 143 was purified and F(ab')2 fragments were generated by pepsin digestion and then radiolabeled with 125I. The 125I-labeled c 143 F(ab')2 fragments were injected into athymic mice bearing bovine lymphoid tumor cells. The fragments became preferentially localized in tumor tissues, but not in normal tissues, as determined by differential counting of tissue radioactivity. The fragments became localized specifically in those tumors that were reactive with c 143 in vitro, but did not become localized in unrelated tumors. Localization of labeled F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody of the same isotype directed against Taka virus (a variant of Newcastle disease virus) was not observed in athymic mice bearing bovine lymphoid tumor cells. Tumors were detectable by radioimmunoscintigraphy, using radiolabeled c 143 F(ab')2 fragments, without background subtraction, and by use of silver-grain scattering in light microscopic autoradiography.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒病S蛋白单抗制备及夹心ELISA检测PEDV方法的建立与应用

应用PCR扩增出PEDV毒株的纤突糖蛋白S基因序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建出pGEX-4T-1-S表达载体。应用IPTG诱导表达重组S蛋白,并将重组蛋白以弗氏完全/不完全佐剂乳化后免疫小鼠,制备抗PEDV S蛋白的单克隆抗体,并以此建立了检测PEDV抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA方法,确定、优化了所建立的ELISA反应条件。以建立的双抗体夹心ELISA和RT-PCR方法对PEDV样品进行了比较检测,两者的符合率为100%。应用ELISA检测了吉林省疑似PED流行猪场的粪便样品,发现PEDV阳性检出率为68%。该研究为PED诊断及流行病学调查提供了一种特异、敏感、快速和易于在基层应用的技术方法及本病的防治提供了流行病学理论依据。     

IBDV血清Ⅱ型VP5蛋白原核表达及型特异性单克隆抗体的制备

本实验构建表达了传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)血清Ⅱ型23/82株VP5蛋白,并制备出能够区分不同血清型IBDV的单克隆抗体(mAb).利用EcoR I和Xho I双酶切pUC57-23/82VP5质粒,获得23/82株IBDV VP5基因片段,连接到同样处理的原核表达质粒pET-28a,经酶切鉴定获得重组质粒pET-23/82VP5,转化到宿主茵BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析表明该融合蛋白分子量大小约为23 ku.Ni-NTA柱纯化重组蛋白,复性后免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,3次免疫后,常规方法进行细胞融合,获得1株阳性杂交瘤细胞株(5D3),IFA和western blot分析表明该细胞株分泌的mAb仅与血清II型IBDV 23/82株VP5反应,不与血清I型IBDV Gt株VP5反应.腹水抗体间接ELISA效价为1×104.该mAb的制备为研究血清II型IBDV的VP5的功能和标记疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

抗乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白单克隆抗体5D4重链可变区基因的克隆及序列分析

流行性乙型脑炎(JE)简称乙脑,是由乙型脑炎病毒引起的一种重要蚊媒性人兽共患传染病.多种动物易感,蚊是JEV 的主要传播媒介,猪是该病毒在自然界中最重要的贮存与增殖宿主,母猪感染可引起繁殖障碍,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失.JEV主要在亚洲流行,而最近发现在南半球也有报道,这说明流行性乙型脑炎可能在世界范围内威胁着人类健康[1].JEV属黄病毒科黄病毒属,为单股正链、有囊膜的RNA病毒.     

SAMHD1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及SAMHD1不同细胞中的表达鉴定

SAMHD1是最近发现的在人髓系细胞中发挥抗艾滋病毒作用的一种天然蛋白.为制备抗人huSAMHD1蛋白的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究利用原核表达并纯化的人huSAMHD1重组蛋白为免疫原,经腹腔免疫4周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA法筛选和4次有限稀释法克隆纯化,获得了1株稳定分泌MAb的杂交瘤细胞株.Western blot与间接免疫荧光试验结果表明,获得的MAb与人huSAMHD1的真核表达蛋白呈阳性反应,而与猴、马SAMHD1的真核表达蛋白呈阴性反应,表明其具有很好的特异性,可以用于ELISA、免疫荧光和免疫印迹检测以及对huSAMHD1的进一步研究.     

Enhancement of the insulin antagonistic effect of porcine somatotropin in swine using a monoclonal antibody

A monoclonal antibody (mAb), PS-7.6, to porcine somatotropin (pST) significantly enhanced the growth responses to pST injections in hypophysectomized (hypox) rats but could not be tested in pigs because of the large quantity of antibody required for a growth trial. Because pST inhibits the hypoglycemic effects of insulin, an insulin tolerance test procedure was established to measure pST activity in jugular-catheterized pigs. Doses of 0, 30, 100, and 300 μg/kg per day of pST were split and administered subcutaneously (sc) in equal portions twice daily for 2 d. After a 17-hr fast, plasma samples were obtained at 10-min intervals for 30 min before an intravenous injection of insulin (0.08 IU/kg) and then for an additional 50 min. Because pST increased fasting plasma glucose concentrations, preinsulin glucose values were used as a covariate to adjust the postinsulin concentrations. pST caused a dose-dependent increase in resistance to the insulin injection in these pigs. The areas under the curves (AUC) for plasma glucose were 22.l, 29.0, 39.0, and 47.2 mg/dl per min for the 0, 30, 100, and 300 μg/kg pST doses, respectively. Because different doses of pST could be detected, the PS-7.6 enhancement of pST treatment was evaluated. In the first experiment, five pigs/group each received sc injections of either vehicle, pST (75 μg/kg; 3.0 mg/d), pST (75 μg/kg) + PS-7.6 at 3.75 mg/kg, or pST (75 μg/kg) + PS-7.6 at 15 mg/kg for 2 d before the insulin test. The pST and PS-7.6 were combined and incubated for at least 1 hr at room temperature before being injected. The injection of pST alone did not significantly change insulin tolerance activity (23.1 vs. 21.1, AUC, but insulin resistance was enhanced when this dose of pST also included PS-7.6 (27.4 and 29.5, AUC, respectively; P < 0.05). In a second experiment, the effects of PS-7.6 and PS-4.2, a mAb that did not potentiate the pST-stimulated growth of hypox rats, were compared. The five pigs/treatment received either vehicle, pST (75 μg/kg), pST (75 μg/kg) + PS-7.6 (3.75 mg/kg), or pST (75 μg/kg) + PS-4.2 (3.75 mg/kg) for 2 d. The administration of pST increased the resistance to insulin (26.7 vs. 18.8, AUC; P < 0.01), which was markedly potentiated by PS-7.6 (54.3, AUC, P < 0.001) but not affected by PS-4.2 (27.6 AUC. The injection of PS-7.6 at 7.5 mg/kg without exogenous pST did not alter the sensitivity to insulin. These results indicate that PS-7.6, but not PS-4.2, enhanced the insulin antagonistic activity of pST in swine, suggesting that an enhancement of pST-stimulated growth would also occur in PS-7.6-treated pigs.     

潞党参对蛋鸡H5N1禽流感抗体效价和免疫器官指数的影响

本试验研究了潞党参煎剂和左旋咪唑对蛋鸡禽流感抗体效价和免疫器官指数的影响.将1 548只海蓝褐蛋雏鸡随机分为3组,A组为潞党参,剂量按0.75 g/kg添加在饮水中;B组为左旋咪唑,C组为对照.在给鸡群接种禽流感H5N1疫苗的前1 d,把潞党参煎剂和左旋咪唑分别连续给鸡群饮水3d.2周后每组随机抽取24只鸡翅下静脉采血,检测各组鸡血凝抑制抗体效价.于免疫后35日龄、42日龄、49日龄,每组随机抽取5只鸡称重,剖杀,摘取胸腺、脾脏和腔上囊并称重,计算3种免疫器官指数.试验重复3次,结果显示,与对照组相比A组的抗体效价和免疫器官指数均差异显著(P＜0.05),表明潞党参可提高雏鸡的体液免疫水平,增强其非特异性免疫功能,并促进免疫器官的发育.     

Detection of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of cattle using a variant of the E-rosette test and monoclonal antibodies.

A simple and efficient variant of the E-rosette test based on addition of dextran to the incubation media is described. This variant 1) does not include B cells 2) involves some CD2+ null cells as described 3) is not inhibited by anti-CD5 antibody 4) correlates with CD2 expression 5) detects specific changes in the relative proportion of T-lymphocytes under the different conditions. In a group of calves the mean percentage of RFC in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was 53.59 +/- 8.70 and in cows there was 72.57 +/- 3.85. The proportion of RFC detected in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)--infected cows with lymphocytosis was less than one third of that in BLV--negative animals and vice versa in B (MHC class II+) lymphocytes.     

白翅浮鸥H5亚型禽流感及新城疫的卵黄抗体监测

白翅浮鸥是大庆龙凤湿地保护区的优势物种,为了解白翅浮鸥对H5亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)与新城疫病毒(NDV)的感染和被动免疫状况,本研究于2010年春季采集白翅浮鸥巢卵144枚,采用血凝抑制试验检测H5亚型AIV和NDV的卵黄抗体.结果表明,龙凤湿地白翅浮鸥种群卵黄抗体的阳性率分别为38.89％和36.11％,平均卵黄抗体滴度分别为3.76 (log2)和4.08 (log2).因此,白翅浮鸥繁殖个体H5亚型AIV和NDV感染率均较高,提示需要进一步加强对其种群的病毒携带情况进行监测研究.     

Immunohistochemical detection of arteriolar hyperplasia in canine liver biopsy samples using the claudin-5 antibody

Claudins are key tight junctional proteins between adjacent epithelial, mesothelial or endothelial cells, which are responsible for the permeability of the paracellular space. This paper describes that the endothelial cells of normal hepatic arterioles, portal venules and portal lymphatics as well as the endothelium of sinusoids from dogs show strong membranous claudin-5 cross-reactivity. In 25 liver biopsy samples taken from dogs with portal vein hypoperfusion, an increased number of arterioles was detected in the portal areas (PAs) by the use of humanised anti-claudin-5 antibody. The increased number of hyperplastic hepatic arterioles per PA was 5-6, 8-12 and 15-20 in the case of small, medium-sized and large PAs, respectively. It is suggested that the claudin-5 marker can improve the detection of hepatic arteriolar proliferation in the PAs of liver samples.     

Effects of in vivo administration of anti-IL-10 or anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody on the host defense mechanism against Plasmodium yoelii yoelii infection

Our previous reports indicated that C57BL/6 mice infected with a lethal variant of Plasmodium yoelii 17X (P. yoelii 17XL) produced high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) while mice infected with the nonlethal variant of the parasite did not produce detectable levels of IL-10. In the present study, the involvement of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in exacerbation or regulation of blood-stage malaria was investigated by using the lethal variant of P. yoelii 17XL and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the cytokines. C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb or anti-IFN-gamma mAb after inoculation with P. yoelii 17XL. Treatment of mice with anti-IL-10 mAb resulted in substantial prolongation of survival and 60% of treated mice survived while 100% of control mice died by day 11. On the contrary, treatment of mice with anti-IFN-gamma mAb exacerbated infection and all mice died after an earlier period than those treated with normal rat Ig. No differences in parasitemias were found between treated and untreated mice. To elucidate the involvement of nitric oxide in the host protection or exacerbation, mice were treated with aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase, after inoculation of P. yoelii 17XL. Neither mortality nor parasitemia was influenced by the treatment. These results indicate that an IFN-gamma response is associated with protective immunity in mice infected with P. yoelii 17XL, while an IL-10 response is associated with disease exacerbation during the infection.     

The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs,cell‐mediated immune response,heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens

The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress.     

Use of a monoclonal antibody against envelope protein gp51 of bovine leukemia virus in a test for the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

A highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against envelope protein gp51 and effectively bonding the antigen (Ag) on account of its high affinity from an unpurified Ag preparation was chosen for use in a double-sandwich enzyme immuno-assay (EIA) for diagnosis of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The epitopes recognised in bovine sera by the gp51-specific antibodies were at the same time properly exposed. Some parameters of major importance to testing were optimised (Ab and Ag quantities, dilution of bovine sera for testing). Preliminary testing of the double-sandwich EIA on selected bovine sera and comparison with both the immunodiffusion test and anti-BLV EIA confirmed its good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Hence, this double-sandwich EIA, developed by means of an mAB against gp51, on account of the possibility to use as Ag culture supernatant of the FLC cell line, is a sensitive, low-cost alternative to the anti-BLV EIA Dessau MTP which had so far been used. The double-sandwich EIA is recommended for use in final sanitation for its high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity.     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白主要抗原区编码基因的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

利用RT-PCR扩增了猪瘟病毒（CSFV）兔化弱毒疫苗株（C株）的E2蛋白主要抗原区（rE2）编码区,并定向克隆到表达载体pPROEXHTb中,获得重组表达载体pPROEX-tE2,将其转化大肠杆菌DH5α菌株,经IPTG诱导,rE2蛋白获得高效表达;经检测,该重组蛋白能被CSFVC株抗血清识别。用纯化的重组蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,取其脾淋巴细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得了1株稳定分泌抗rE2蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。经检测,该单克隆抗体能够与CSFVC株和石门株以及杆状病毒表达的重组E2蛋白发生特异性反应。推测,该单克隆抗体是针对CSFVE2蛋白的一个保守线性表位。