大豆叶片光合速率与气孔导度、叶肉导度的关系

在田间条件下，研究１２个大豆品种两个生育时期的叶片光合速率（ＰＡ）、气孔导度（ｇｓ）、叶肉导度（ｇｍ）、气孔内ＣＯ２浓度（Ｃｉ）和蒸腾速率（ＴＲ）。结果表明，上述５个性状均有显著的品种间差异，并且鼓粒中后期明显大于开花前后。各性状的平均数在鼓粒中后期均极显著低于开花前后。ＰＡ与ｇｓ的关系，随生育期表现不同，在开花前后，可以配合成一条三次多项式曲线，并显示出一最大的ＰＡ值，而在鼓粒中后期则呈显著的线     

关于玉米光合作用与叶片水分利用效率关系的研究

研究分析了玉米１７个自交系和１１个杂交种单叶光合速率，蒸腾速率和叶片水分利用效率。结果表明，玉米自交系或杂交种间单叶ＰＨ、ＴＲ和ＷＵＥ存在着显著差异。ＷＵＥ与ＰＨ呈极正相关关系，且较ＷＵＥ与ＴＲ的关系更密切。玉米单叶的ＷＵＥ、ＰＨ、ＴＲ值会随着叶位、生育时期、光辐射强度、种植密度不同而不同，也会由于源库比改变、植株个体 间差异而变化。ＷＵＥ和ＰＨ之产是回归直线的斜率随生率的推延而增大，但几乎不受源     

大豆豆荚与叶片的光合特性比较

以东农42、东农163二个大豆品种为试材,对鼓粒期大豆叶片和豆荚的叶绿素含量、氨基酸含量、碳水化合物含量、光合速率和蒸腾速率等生理指标进行了比较。结果表明：豆荚叶绿素总含量平均占叶片叶绿素总含量的1%~2%, 豆荚的光合速率与其叶绿素含量呈正相关;豆荚的还原糖含量和淀粉含量都较叶片含量高,蛋白质和氨基酸含量都比叶片低。豆荚的蛋白质、还原糖、气孔导度、光合速率、蒸腾速率等指标存在品种间差异。     

液膜对棉花叶片蒸腾特性及水分利用效率的影响

研究了液膜不同浓度对棉花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，液膜不同浓度均能降低棉花叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度；较高浓度液膜增大叶片qN值，降低叶片净光合速率；适宜浓度液膜(40～50倍)显著提高叶片水分利用效率，对净光合速率无明显影响。     

大豆叶片全长cDNA文库的构建与鉴定

以大豆绥农14第一个三出复叶幼叶为材料提取mRNA,利用SMART技术合成了全长cDNA,经限制性内切酶SfiA和SfiB消化后的cDNA克隆到质粒载体pDNR-LIB中,建成大豆叶片全长cDNA文库。文库容量1·2×106,重组率接近100%。对随机挑取的克隆进行菌液PCR鉴定,插入片断大小范围为0·25~2·0kb,主要集中在0·5~1·5kb,插入片断平均大小为0·9kb,这说明文库质量可保证大规模全长cDNA的获得。     

大豆剪叶片对产量及氮素吸收的影响

大豆剪叶片对产量及氮素吸收的影响傅艳华孙淑贤彭宝（吉林市农业科学院１３２１０１）利用剪叶方式研究大豆叶片在各生育阶段的作用，国内外学者别里科夫、董钻、王建昌、李新民等已有研究报道，但是从第一复叶开始一直跟踪剪掉最后一片复叶，系统研究大豆叶片与产量及氮...     

SMV3对抗感大豆品种叶片细胞超微结构的影响

用透射电镜观察了SMV3对感病品种合丰25和抗病品系东农93-D46叶片细胞超微结构的影响.结果表明,SMV3对感病品种合丰25的细胞超微结构破坏严重,叶绿体肿胀、片层严重扭曲、模糊不清、叶绿体膜瓦解仅剩片层结构;嗜锇颗粒增加较多,有大量的风轮状内含体出现,产生大量的束丝包裹病毒粒子;线粒体数目增加较多,细胞核核膜降解,核仁完全融解等.而抗病品系东农93-046接种SMV3 21d后细胞超微结构破坏较轻,少数细胞出现核质轻微边聚,线粒体增多,叶绿体片层有部分断裂,嗜锇颗粒增加,叶绿体外膜产生异形增生物,出现小泡囊等.     

光周期对大豆叶片内源激素含量及其平衡的影响

选用生育期不同的３个品种，采用酶联免疫检测技术（ＥＬＩＳＡ），研究了开花前和开花后光周期处理对大豆叶片内源激素含量及其平衡状况的影响。结果表明，短日照与长日处理相比，脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）含量显著上升，赤霉素（ＧＡ１＋３）含量及ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ比例明显下降，细胞分裂素（ＤＨＺＲ，二氢玉米素核苷）有下降趋势，生长素（ＩＡＡ）的变化不大。短日下ＧＡ和ＩＡＡ含量负相关，ＧＡ与ＡＢＡ正相关，长日下ＩＡＡ与ＤＨＺＲ负     

夏大豆叶片光合作用与光强的关系

以12个生育期和结荚习性不同的夏大豆品种（系）为材料,测定其在不同条件下青壮龄（展开13日龄）叶片和幼龄（展开4日龄）叶片的光合速率。结果表明,在晴天、适宜供水和自然光照下,夏大豆青壮龄叶片的光合速率（y）与光强（x）呈极密切的正指数曲线关系x=aeby,光合速率随光强增强而升高,没有“午休”现象。幼龄叶片在低     

Transpiration Dynamics in Cadmium-Treated Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants

Soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants, cv Richland, were grown during 30 days in a nutrient solution. After this period the plants were treated with a 50 μM Cd(NO₃)₂ solution. Sap flow rate and stomatal conductance were monitored during 4 consecutive days; at the end of this period relative water content and stomatal width and length were determined on fully expanded leaves. On the second day from the Cd treatment sap, flow rate and stomatal conductance in the treated plants were reduced to 60% of the control plants. Stomatal conductance kept on decreasing up to the fourth day. Cadmium decreased the leaf relative water content and the reduction in the stomatal closure was supported by an increase in the L/W ratio of the stomata. Root water uptake should be the primary mechanism reduced by Cd stress in soybean, and this reduction is consistent with the decrease in transpiration rate and with the stomatal closure.     

Mineral Nitrogen Availability and Isoflavonoid Accumulation in the Root Systems of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Isoflavonoids, as plant-to-bacteria signal molecules, play an important role in the establishment of the soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)– Bradyrhizobium japonicum nitrogen (N) fixing symbiosis. They are essential to the development of effective root nodules and responsible for inducing the nod genes of B. japonicum . Because N affects a broad range of infection events, especially the symbiotic events occurring within 18 h of inoculation, it is reasonable to hypothesize that mineral N disrupts the interorganismal signal exchange between soybean host plants and B. japonicum . High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of root extracts of soybean, inoculated with B. japonicum or not, grown with various levels of mineral N in the rooting medium were performed to test this hypothesis. The results of these studies indicated that: (1) at early plant growth stages (before the onset of N fixation), a strong negative relationship between N application and soybean root isoflavonoid (genistein and daidzein) concentrations existed; (2) although isoflavonoid (genistein and daidzein) concentrations in both inoculated and non-inoculated soybean root systems were generally decreased by N application, at very low N levels (10 mg N l⁻¹) genistein in the non-inoculated plant roots was not decreased relative to the 0 N plants; (3) averaged over all mineral N treatment levels and sampling times, inoculation of soybean with B. japonicum increased root daidzein concentrations (P > 0.05), but did not affect genistein. Overall, N application reduced the isoflavonoid concentration of soybean root systems, which probably plays a part in the regulation of soybean nodule formation by available N.     

大豆不同生育时期叶绿素含量QTL的定位及其与产量的关联分析

利用来自波高×南农94-156的151个RI家系检测与4个不同生育时期叶绿素含量（累积量、净增量）有关的QTL,并分析其与籽粒产量、表观生物学产量和表观收获指数的关系。结果表明,与叶绿素累积量有关的QTL位于D1a+Q、F、G、H、L和M连锁群上,每个QTL可解释表型变异的6.9%~23.4%。V6和R2期没有检测到2个年份均表达的QTL,而在R4期检测到4个在2个年份均表达的QTL（qccF.1、qccG.2、qccH.1和qccM.1）,R6期仅检测到1个QTL（qccH.1）在2个年份均表达,该QTL在R4也表达。与叶绿素含量净增量有关的QTL位于B2和L连锁群上,在V6-R2时期没有检测到与叶绿素净增量有关的QTL,在B2和L连锁群上的两个QTL（qccB2-1.1和qccL.1）在R2-R4和R4-R6时期均表达,qccB2-1.1可解释表型变异的6.4%~9.8%,而qccL.1所解释表型变异达29.5%~31.3%。但这两个QTL在R2-R4和R4-R6时期表达的性质不同,且与2年均表达的籽粒产量QTL共位。这印证了生育后期叶绿素含量与籽粒产量间存在的极显著正相关。     

中国栽培和野生大豆农艺品质性状与SSR标记的关联分析 I. 群体结构及关联标记

关联作图是一种利用连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium, LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异的方法。利用60个SSR标记, 对全国大豆地方品种群体(393份代表性材料)和野生大豆群体(196份代表性材料)的基因组变异进行扫描, 分析两类群体的连锁不平衡位点、群体结构, 并采用TASSEL软件的GLM (general linear model)方法对16个农艺、品质性状观测值进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明: (1)在公共图谱上不论共线性的或是非共线性的SSR位点组合都有一定程度的LD, 说明历史上发生过连锁群间的重组; 栽培群体的连锁不平衡成对位点数较野生群体多, 但野生群体位点间连锁不平衡程度高, 随距离的衰减慢。(2) 群体SSR数据遗传结构分析发现, 栽培群体和野生群体分别由9和4个亚群体组成, 亚群的划分与群体地理生态类型相关联, 证实地理生态类型划分有其遗传基础。(3) 栽培群体中累计有27个位点与性状相关; 野生大豆种质中累计有34个位点与性状相关。部分标记在两类群体中都表现与同一性状关联, 检出的位点有一致性, 也有互补性; 一些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联, 可能是性状相关乃至一因多效的遗传基础; 关联位点中累计有24位点(次)与遗传群体连锁分析定位的QTL一致。     

Influence of Root-Applied Epibrassinolide and Carbenoxolone on the Nodulation and Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seedlings

24-Epibrassinolide belongs to the brassinosteroid family of plant hormones, and carbenoxolone is a synthetic analogue of glycyrrhizic acid that inhibits enzymes important in steroid and prostaglandin action in animals. The effect of these compounds on root nodulation, root growth and shoot growth of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Tracy M was examined. Epibrassinolide reduced total nodulation, plant wet weight, root length, shoot length, first internode length and number of lateral roots. Effects were observed at concentrations as low as 0.1 μ M . Carbenoxolone reduced lateral root formation, but did not reduce nodule numbers, root length or weight, nor stem length or weight.     

大豆幼荚子叶原生质体培养及植株再生

本文研究了13个栽培大豆（Glycine max L.）品种原生质体培养的再生能力。从大豆幼荚子叶酶解游离原生质体,用Gellan Gum进行株状包埋,悬浮在含2,4-D 0.1-0.2mg/L,BA0.5-1.0mg/L的改良MS液体培养基中,原生质体培养3天后开始第一次分裂,以后持续分裂。供试基因型间的10天植板率差异显著,变幅为33-67%。30天内形成大量的     

大豆叶片性状QTL的定位及Meta分析

利用Charleston×东农594重组自交系构建SSR遗传图谱,采用WinQTLCartographer Ver. 2.5软件的CIM和MIM分析方法对2006—2010年(F_2:14~F_2:18)连续5年的大豆叶长、叶宽以及叶柄长数据进行QTL定位,检测到8个与叶长有关的QTL,位于染色体Gm01、02、05、11和18上;9个与叶宽有关的QTL,位于染色体Gm01、03、05、06、11、12和16上;8个与有关叶柄长的QTL,位于染色体Gm01、03、05、06、11、17和18上。2年以上均检测到的叶长QTL为qLL5a、qLL5b、qLL1a和qLL18;叶宽QTL为qLW5a、qLW11a、qLW11b和qLW12;叶柄长QTL为qLSL11b。另外,利用BioMercator2.1的映射功能将国内外常用的大豆图谱上的叶长、叶宽QTL通过公共标记映射整合到大豆公共遗传连锁图谱Soymap2上,将搜集到的35个叶长QTL、37个叶宽QTL和本研究得到的QTL整合分析,最终得到5个大豆叶长的“通用”QTL,位于Gm09、18和19,其置信区间最小可达5.66 cM;4个大豆叶宽的“通用”QTL,位于Gm07、Gm18和Gm19,其置信区间最小可达5.67 cM,为今后对大豆叶片性状QTL精细定位, 提供了有利科学信息。     

大豆苗期耐低磷性及其QTL定位

利用来自波高和南农94-156（耐低磷种质）的重组自交系群体NJ(SP)BN（151个家系）通过盆栽试验研究与耐低磷有关的性状,并进行耐低磷性状的QTL定位。初步结果表明,不施磷处理的总干重主要由单株P吸收量决定,而与磷利用效率无关;而单株P吸收量与根干重、根效率均极显著正相关,单株P吸收量变异的76.2%由根效率决定。不施磷处理的根冠比（R/S）显著增加主要是茎干重无显著变化而根干重显著增加所致。在D1b+W、F、G、N和O等5个连锁群上共检测到7个QTL与耐低磷有关。分别可解释所对应性状表型变异的4.8%~17.0%,其中5个QTL的增效基因来自亲本波高,2个QTL的增效基因来自亲本南农94-156。     

Genetic analysis for the leaf pubescence density and water status traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Leaf pubescence density (PD) is an important component for the adaptation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to drought-prone environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling PD on the upper surface of leaf blade (PDU), PD on the lower surface of leaf blade (PDL), leaf wilting coefficient (WC) and rate of excised leaf drying (ELD) were identified using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population from the cross between soybean cultivars 'kefeng1' and 'nannong1138-2' at the field soil drought stress stage from the mid-end of stem elongation to onset of flowering. A total of 20 QTLs were detected on molecular linkage groups (MLGs) A2, D1b, E, H, G and I with individual QTL explained 4.49–23.56% of phenotypic variation by composite interval mapping. The QTLs for PD on MLG H were mapped to near Ps locus while the QTLs on MLG D1b were located near Rsc-7 . Three genome regions for PD and water status traits on MLGs A2, D1b and H were associated. This study revealed that leaf surface PD may play an important role in the soybean drought tolerance.