不同含水率的杨木微波穿透深度探究

采用有限元分析方法对不同含水率杨木的微波穿透深度进行了理论研究,探索出微波频率和杨木含水率对微波穿透深度的影响规律,结果表明:当杨木含水率由30%依次增加到110%时,频率为2.45 GHz微波的穿透深度由22.30 cm减小到3.64 cm;频率为0.915 GHz的微波穿透深度从60.32 cm降低到9.85 cm,同时含水率增加后杨木内部温度均匀性相应变差。研究表明,在木材干燥过程中应尽量将样品的厚度控制在微波穿透深度的范围内,可以有效改善干燥均匀性。     

微波技术在我国木材加工与产品检测中的应用

概述了微波技术在我国木材干燥、木材改性、胶粘剂合成、材料缺陷检测、竹木产品含水率检测和人造板甲醛释放量检测方面的研究成果及应用现状,微波干燥技术使木材在干燥过程中温度梯度和含水率梯度较小,具有加热时间短、干燥质量好、提高出材率等优点;通过微波改性技术,可以赋予竹木材某些特殊的功能,使低档竹木材高档化,从而有效地利用竹木材料,提高经济价值;借助微波技术进行胶粘剂合成,反应速度比传统的加热方法快数十倍;提出了微波技术在木材干燥、木材改性、无损检测、萃取甲醛释放量检测的发展方向和应用前景.     

远红外对木材穿透特性的研究

根据福建22种主要用材树种远红外光谱分析,多数树种,对木材穿透深度最大的远红外波数在1840cm~(-1)(波长5.43μm)附近。22种树种木材进行远红外穿透深度测定,穿透深度最大的是山槐弦向,0.71mm;最小的是罗木石楠径向,0.135mm。远红外对木材的穿透深度弦向大于径向,且与木材的密度、含水率有关。木材对远红外的吸收遵守朗伯定律,但吸收系数径向比弦向大。本文还根据木材远红外光谱分析提出木材纤维素、木素远红外吸收,主要是分子含氧基团等键链间的振动吸收。这些为木材远红外干燥及其机理研究提供科学依据。     

微波干燥木材的应用

对木材进行干燥处理,使其含水率达到一定的使用要求是保证木制品质量的重要手段,因此在使用前都要进行干燥。当前,一般是采用热空气加热木材的传统干燥方法,这种方法,不管其热源方式如何,都是用热空气从外部加热木材,使其表面水分蒸发,形成表面和内部含水率梯度,促使水分由内向外扩散达到干燥木材的目的。若使表面蒸发速度与内部扩散速度相平衡,木材加热均匀、温湿度适当,木材就能快速干燥。因此,在干燥木材时,为抑制初期表面水分扩散,应采用高温高湿的方法增加导热系数,但因木材本身导热性能差,这种方法很难实现。１微波干…     

微波干燥与常规干燥中木材内含水率动态分布

以黑胡桃木材为对象,采用X射线扫描含水率分布测试方法,分析、比较了微波干燥与常规热风干燥过程中木材内部含水率动态分布规律.结果表明:在微波干燥和常规热风干燥过程中,木材内层含水率均高于表层,存在着整体性的内高外低的含水率梯度场;在接个微波干燥过程中,木材内部虽然出现了部分内层含水率低于外层的情况,存在着含水率分布的局部不均匀,但并未出现与常规热风干燥相反的含水率梯度;在微波干燥中,木材内部各层与表层含水率的差值随着干燥时间的延长逐渐降低.随着干燥过程的进行,常规热风干燥中木材芯层与表层含水率差呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势.     

微波技术在木材干燥中的研究进展

微波技术以其独特的加热机理和特点为木材快速高效干燥提供了一条新途径。笔者简述了近年来国内外在木材微波干燥工艺方面取得的一些重要的研究进展,主要集中在微波功率、含水率和温度等基本干燥参数的优化及红外摄像技术等先进检测技术的应用等方面。同时指出了在木材微波干燥基础理论、干燥工艺、木材结构特性与微波加热非均匀性等方面缺乏系统性研究的问题。建议今后应加强基础理论研究并结合现代测控技术进行系统研究。     

高强度微波辐射对落叶松木材渗透性的影响

采用高强度微波辐射落叶松木材,将微波处理的木材试件与未处理试件在相同的条件下进行加压注水试验,测定吸水增重率(WAR),用于评价木材的渗透性.研究了试材初含水率、处理材心层温度、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间等处理工艺条件与落叶松木材渗透性的关系.结果表明:适当控制上述处理条件,高强度微波辐射处理可以改善落叶松木材的渗透性.落叶松木材适宜的初含水率范围是25%～60%;适宜的微波辐射功率与落叶松木材的初含水率有关,本文条件下辐射功率可选择9～24 kW;适宜的辐射时间取决于木材的初含水率和选择的辐射功率,当落叶松木材的含水率为30%左右,9.23 kW 微波功率下辐射55 s或20～24 kW微波功率下辐射25 s时,经微波处理木材的吸水增重率是未处理材的200%以上,木材的渗透性得到显著改善. 对微波处理改善落叶松木材渗透性的机理进行讨论,认为微波能够迅速使木材内部的水汽化,在木材内部产生较大的蒸汽压,冲破木材细胞壁薄弱组织,形成细微裂隙,疏通水汽传导的途径.随着微波功率的升高有利于微细裂隙的形成,所需辐射时间缩短,但是过高的辐射功率或过长的辐射时间易造成木材开裂.     

微波加热软化木材的弯曲工艺研究

研究了微波加热水曲柳试件进行弯曲的工艺及其弯曲工艺参数与产品质量的关系。研究结果表明：该弯曲工艺可行;最佳工艺条件为木材含水率60％,微波加热功率400W,微波加热时间2.5min;该方法较传统生产方式的生产率明显提高。     

木材微波干燥缺陷产生原因及其预防措施分析

从木材介电特性、微波穿透深度、微波设备、干燥工艺等方面分析了木材微波干燥缺陷产生的主要原因,并从优化干燥器设计,改善微波场分布均匀性,控制微波辐射功率和辐射时间,改变微波辐射方式等方面探讨了预防干燥缺陷产生的主要措施,以期为木材微波干燥技术的研究和应用提供参考。     

微波处理中木材内温度分布的数学模拟

从热传导的物理规律出发,建立微波加热过程中木材内部热传导模型,并通过理论模拟揭示不同微波加热方式对预处理中木材内部温度分布的影响规律。结果表明:微波处理过程中,木材内部的温度分布规律及均匀性与微波加热方式直接相关;当采用单向微波辐射的方式进行加热时,沿着微波入射方向,木材温度逐渐降低,木材内部温差较大,且温度分布均匀性较差;当使用双向微波辐射的方式进行加热时,木材内能形成内高外低的温度梯度,且温度分布均匀性较好。     

Fundamental characteristics of microwave explosion pretreatment of wood I. Properties of temperature development

In this study,the effects of microwave radiation intensity,radiation time and initial wood moisture content (MC) on the properties of temperature development in Eucalyptus urophylla wood samples during the microwave explosion pretreatment have been investigated using a new microwave pretreatment equipment.The results show that 1) with the increase of microwave radiation intensity and a decrease in initial wood MC,both the average temperature and its rate of increase in wood rise rapidly;2) with an increase ...     

The frequency dependence of hygro-expansive scaling of oak

ABSTRACT

Fluctuations in the ambient relative humidity are often cyclic of nature, composed of a wide variety of frequencies. Variations may be as fast as one minute or as slow as a complete season. A wooden object exposed to these fluctuations exchanges moisture with the air, resulting in a change in the local moisture content of the wood. Since moisture penetration is affected by the timescale of the changes in ambient conditions, so are processes caused by moisture content variations. Moisture content variations cause dimensional changes of a wooden object, which, if mechanically restrained, lead to a buildup of stresses and ultimately to damage. It is therefore important to predict the frequency behavior of moisture content and expansion in wood. In the presented study, experiments are conducted in which the moisture content and expansion of oak cubes with different sizes is measured during sinusoidal relative humidity fluctuations with different frequencies. The amplitude in moisture content and expansion is shown to be simply scalable based on sample size only. Derived diffusion coefficients are in agreement with literature values, although the experimental frequency behavior is shown to deviate qualitatively from diffusive frequency behavior.     

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WOOD MOISTURE CONTENT ON PERMEABILITY IN THE HYGROSCOPIC RANGE

Woodpermeabilityhascloserrelationshipwiththemanyfiledsofwoodworkingandusing,woodfluidpermeabi1-ityisrelatedtoinprocessingsuchaswooddrying;fireretartenttreatmen;pup1ingandpaper;woodpreservation.Theflowoffluidinwoodincludestwokindsoftransportprocess.Oneispenetrationfromwoodoutsidetoinside,suchas'woodpreservationandfireretartenttreatment,anotherisdiffusionfromwoodinsidetooutside'suchaswooddrying,Infact,woodpermeabilityinfulenceddirectlythequalityofwoodwaterheattreatment,Forthisreasontheresearchin…     

Moisture content profiles and uptake kinetics in wood cladding materials evaluated by a portable nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer

Abstract

This study evaluated the capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology based on small portable magnets for in situ studies of the local moisture content in wood. Low-field and low-resolution [¹H]NMR with a unilateral permanent magnet was used to monitor and map the moisture content of wood cladding materials of various types in a spatially resolved manner. The results show that portable NMR equipment based on small open-access permanent magnets can be successfully used for non-invasive monitoring of the moisture content in various extended wood specimens. The moisture content was measured with a depth resolution of 0.2 mm and a maximum penetration depth of 3 mm. This makes the technique suitable for in situ local moisture content measurements beneath a coating layer in the cladding, for example, and it is also possible to relate the moisture level to specific properties of the wood material.     

马尾松微波间歇干燥对干燥效率与速率的影响

分析马尾松木材微波干燥速率随时间的变化规律,比较微波连续辐射和间歇辐射对木材干燥速率和微波能利用效率的影响.结果表明:木材微波干燥过程可以分成加速段、恒速段和减速段3个阶段;在微波干燥过程中,木材含水率在纤维饱和点以上时,其平均干燥速率和水分蒸发效率比在纤维饱和点以下时的高;采用适当间歇辐射对木材输入微波能,微波能利用率较高.     

Microwave vacuum drying characteristics of Pinus massoniana wood

Microwave-vacuum (MV) drying characteristics of plantation Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) were studied experimen-tally for various levels of microwave radiation time, initial moisture content (MC), vacuum level and wood thickness. The results show that the process of MV drying for wood can be significantly divided into a short accelerating rate drying period, a long constant rate drying period and falling rate drying period, and the second drying period can extend to levels of mean MC below the fiber satu-r...     

低循环风速下木材表层水分蒸发的试验研究

木材干燥过程中,介质循环速度是一个影响木材干燥的重要工艺参数.在木材各含水率阶段,通过试验分析研究不同介质循环速度对木材干燥速度的影响.结果表明,介质循环速度对干燥速度的影响显著,但其影响随木材含水率（MC）的降低而减弱.在低介质循环速度条件下,试件MC大于45％时,表现为木材干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）随循环风速的增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系;试件MC介于35％ ～ 45％之间时,正相关关系存在但不显著;试件MC小于35％时,干燥室内循环风速的大小不影响木材的干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）.对试件表层含水率分析,试件表层含水率大于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响显著;试件表层含水率小于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响很小,不同循环风速下试件表层含水率基本一样.     

溶胶-凝胶法功能性改良木材研究进展

基于木材天然的双重毛细管系统结构,金属醇盐可在木材"微/纳米容器"内进行溶胶-凝胶反应最终制备木材-无机复合材料。在溶胶-凝胶改良木材过程中,以金属醇盐为主要组分的前驱体溶液可通过涂覆、浸渍/真空加压浸渍、微波/超声波辅助等方式对木材进行改性,且木材密度、基材初始含水率、溶胶反应体系、溶胶粒径、溶胶pH值等对木材溶胶-凝胶改性效果都会有一定的影响。文中主要从制备方法和影响因素2个方面对溶胶-凝胶法功能性改良木材的研究现状进行归纳总结,并提出溶胶-凝胶功能性改良木材的应用前景和发展方向。     

Moisture conditions in coated wood panels during 24 months natural weathering at five sites in Europe

Abstract

Wood moisture content of coated panels of Scots pine sapwood was recorded during 24 months natural weathering in Vienna by logging electric resistance and temperature near the surface. Eight coating systems with various film thicknesses were used, including three solvent borne alkyd stains, three water borne acrylic stains and two water borne acrylic paints. At five sites in Europe wood moisture content of panels coated with three solvent borne alkyd stains, a brown acrylic stain and a white opaque acrylic paint was recorded weekly by changes in panel mass. Fluctuations in wood moisture content were influenced by the film thickness, water permeability and colour of the coating systems used. Degradation phenomena led to decreasing moisture protection of less durable coating systems over time of exposure. The exposure site clearly affected wood moisture content in the panels.