Susceptibility of adult Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides with different modes of action

Five insecticides (pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, deltamethrin + heptenophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis) were examined in the laboratory for their acute detrimental side-effects at field rates on adult seven-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. The toxicity of the preparations was determined by measuring the acute surface contact effects (dried spray on leaves of Philadelphus coronarius L.), except for B. thuringiensis where mixed pollen was treated. Four to six concentrations were tested (pyriproxifen 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg AI litre(-1); imidacloprid 62.4, 125, 250, 500 mg AI litre(-1); deltamethrin + heptenophos 26.4, 53.1, 106.3, 212.5 mg AI litre(-1); lambda-cyhalothrin 1.1, 3.4, 10, 30 mg AI litre(-1); B. thuringiensis 1.5, 3.0, 12.0, 48, 192, 768 mg AI litre(-1)), with 22 adults exposed per concentration. All tests were conducted in the laboratory of the Plant Protection Department (University of Debrecen, Hungary) at 22-25 degrees C, 40-60% RH, under a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod in 1998-1999. Data were analyzed by probit analysis, probit transformation and analysis of variance. According to different categories of evaluation, pyriproxifen, imidacloprid and B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis seem to be safe for C. septempunctata adults but the other two preparations were moderately harmful to them, which requires further semi-field or field tests to measure their real effect under field conditions.     

滞育七星瓢虫酰基辅酶AΔ11去饱和酶基因的克隆及表达分析

去饱和酶（Fatty acid desaturase,FAD）是生物体不饱和脂肪酸合成中的关键酶,酰基辅酶AΔ11去饱和酶基因是其中重要的一种。本试验基于七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata L.转录组数据,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从滞育七星瓢虫中克隆得到酰基辅酶AΔ11去饱和酶基因全长,并命名为CsFadΔ11（GenBank登录号：MF458996）,该基因全长1447 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）1095 bp,编码364个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为42.99 kD,等电点（pI）为8.87,无信号肽。氨基酸序列分析结果表明,CsFadΔ11有3个组氨酸富集区和6个跨膜结构域,与膜翅目的内华达古白蚁Zootermopsis nevadensis同源性较高。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究其时间表达模式,发现CsFadΔ11基因在七星瓢虫初羽化、滞育诱导10 d、滞育诱导20 d、滞育初期、滞育后期、滞育解除期以及正常发育状态下均有所表达,且在滞育早期表达量最高,其次是在滞育解除个体中。其整体表达趋势与相应时期脂积累变化情况基本相符,推测CsFadΔ11基因参与七星瓢虫脂积累调控,并进一步影响七星瓢虫滞育。     

七星瓢虫规模化饲养的质量控制

从七星瓢虫生活力、生殖力、捕食能力角度,提出了其规模化饲养的质量控制标准及其测试办法。（１）生活特征：体重大于２６．９ｍｇ,羽化率大于８７．７％,寿命达到６２．９天,贮藏时间大于５１．６天;（２）生殖力特征：成虫产卵期短于１３．７天,产卵雌虫率大于８６．９％,产卵期大于５２．９天,所产卵孵化率达到８５．８％,产卵量达到４０２７粒;（３）捕食能力：饥饿２４小时后,在２２０头蚜虫／ｍ＾２密度下,日捕食     

寄生美洲大蠊卵鞘的浅沟长尾啮小蜂记述（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）

本文用图文简要记述了从美洲大蠊卵鞘中育出的浅沟长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus asthenogmus（Waterston）的形态特征。这是该蜂在我国的首次报道，有望今后用于蜚蠊的生物防治。     

Baeoentedon balios (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a parasitoid of ficus whitefly,Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), new to the United States

A new host and distribution record is provided for the whitefly parasitoid Baeoentedon balios Wang, Huang, & Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Specimens were reared from ficus whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in St. Petersburg, FL, USA, representing the second confirmed host for B. balios, as well as the first record of Baeoentedon Girault from the Western Hemisphere.     

斑潜蝇寄生蜂贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的研究进展

贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂(Diglyphus begini Ashmead)是几种斑潜蝇的重要寄生蜂。本文对贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的发生情况、生物学特性、攻击和寄主选择行为、大量饲养和释放等方面做了论述,为我国利用该寄生蜂控制斑潜蝇危害提供理论依据。     

七星瓢虫人工饲料的研究现状及发展对策

以人工卵赤眼蜂蛹为主要饲料,在产卵前期添加取食刺激剂（０．１％ 的橄榄油＋ ５％ 蔗糖）或适当添加蚜虫可显著提高其生殖力。这将解决七星瓢虫人工饲养的食料难题,并促使七星瓢虫的规模化生产     

利用管氏肿腿蜂防治光肩星天牛技术研究

光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis是我国重大的森林害虫,对我国造林绿化和林业生态工程建设造成了严重危害。由于其为蛀干害虫,隐蔽性生活,难以防治。利用天敌开展生物防治是控制天牛的重要措施,作者研究探讨了利用管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani防治光肩星天牛技术。测定了管氏肿腿蜂对光肩星天牛1~3龄幼虫的室内控制作用,研究了林间防治防治技术。结果表明,在室内试验条件下,管氏肿腿蜂由于是抑性外寄生性,其产卵之前的刺蛰可造成天牛幼虫直接死亡,对1、2、3龄幼虫的平均致死率分别为100%、92.10%和87.29%;可寄生3龄天牛幼虫。在管氏肿腿蜂防治光肩星天牛小幼虫的林间试验中,管氏肿腿蜂对光肩星天牛小幼虫的致死率为27.79%~37.87%,平均为32.51%,放蜂比例以蜂虫比8~10:1的寄生率最高。     

麦蒲螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂初报

本文对麦蒲螨Pyemotes tritici(Lagreze-Fossat et Montagne)侵染印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)和麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor(Say,1836)的症状进行了扼要的记述,同时介绍了该螨的主要寄主及分布情况。这是该螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂的首次报道。     

中国瓢虫的物种多样性

瓢虫是生物防治蚜虫、介壳虫等农、林害虫的天敌昆虫,对瓢虫的多样性研究是进行分类、生物防治的重要基础。本文对中国迄今记录的约680种瓢虫起源、进化、食性、分布作了综述,并说明了研究生物多样性的意义。     

象虫金小蜂中国新记录

本文首次报道了象虫金小蜂在中国的分布,并用图文简要地描述其特征。该蜂是四纹豆象、米象、谷象、玉米象、烟草甲和药材甲等重要贮藏物害虫的天敌。     

短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点

关于短梗长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus brevipedicellus卵巢结构和发育的相关研究在国内外尚无报道。本研究对短梗长尾啮小蜂的雌性生殖系统结构、卵子形态及卵巢发育特点进行了观察。结果表明,短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性内生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1条中输卵管、受精囊、毒囊等组成;雌性外生殖器由产卵管、产卵管鞘、内瓣和外瓣构成。同时,短梗长尾啮小蜂属于卵育型寄生蜂,雌蜂初羽化时卵巢内只含有少量成熟卵子,随着营养的补充和时间的推移,成熟卵子和总卵子数量逐渐增加,并在羽化后72 h数量达到最高值。此外,研究发现,卵巢管内成熟卵子数量和总卵子数量与雌蜂的体长均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.936和0.941。以上研究结果为科学合理地研究和开发利用短梗长尾啮小蜂提供了理论基础。     

A new Aphidius Nees species (Hymenoptera,Braconidae), a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley, 1841) in Europe

Phytoparasitica - Here we describe Aphidius erodii sp. n. associated with Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley, 1841), which is a pest on herbaceous ornamental Geranium and Pelargonium plants, but also an...     

云南派姬小蜂的生物学特性

云南派姬小蜂Pediobius yunnanensis Liao是寄生于微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella Hampson蛹的内寄生蜂,目前国内外对其生物学特性报道较少。因此,本文采用野外调查和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了云南派姬小蜂的生物学特性。结果表明,该蜂主要以幼虫在寄主蛹内越冬。雌、雄成蜂的平均性比为1.89：1。在温度25℃、湿度70%、光周期14L：10D的条件下,其各个虫态的发育历期为卵-幼虫期15.00 d,蛹期12.33 d,成虫寿命6.36 d,完成一个世代需32.36 d。在15℃以15%蜂蜜水喂养的条件下,雌、雄蜂寿命最长分别为63.45和39.95 d;在35℃,无喂食条件下,雌、雄蜂寿命最短,分别为3.06和1.84 d。因此,在一定的温度范围内,低温和补充营养均能不同程度的延长雌、雄蜂寿命且雌蜂寿命长于雄蜂寿命。以上研究结果可以对微红梢斑螟的生物防治提供指导,也为研发云南派姬小蜂的室内繁殖和保护利用技术提供了一定的理论基础。     

First record of Xylotrechus chinensis (Coleoptera,Cerambycidae) in Greece and in the EPPO region

Xylotrechus chinensis belongs to the entomofauna of China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Prior to this paper it has been intercepted twice outside its native range, once in Philadelphia (USA) and once in Germany (Europe). In spring 2017, it was detected for the first time in Greece, in Heraklion city (Island of Crete) infesting the trunk of trees of Morus species planted near the harbour of the city. It can thus be hypothesized that X. chinensis was transported from its native range with commodities that are handled in the harbour. Eradication efforts are being taken in order to prevent its further spread, which could threaten several other tree species because X. chinensis attacks a wide range of hosts. This is the first record of this pest from the EPPO region.