黑龙江农民工工资问题研究——以哈尔滨市呼兰区为例

2004年以来各地相继出现了农民工用工短缺的局面。在影响农民进城务工的诸多因素中,工资收入起着决定性作用。本文针对农民工工资问题,对呼兰区农民工工资现状及工资期望值进行调查研究。发现呼兰区农民工的工资存在的主要问题是平均工资水平低于当地社会平均工资;工作时间过长,工资被变相压低以及劳动回报率低。针对存在问题,结合最低工资标准提出了几点建议：企业应参考农民工工资期望,提高工资标准;地方政府应加强对农民工的技能培训。     

Spatiality,belonging and citizenship in the age of migration in contemporary China

While internal migration in contemporary China ascribes a great change to urban China's demographic composition, social structures and economic development trajectories, it is yet to restructure the formal definitions of urban identity and belonging, which are still dominated by the household registration system (hukou). The paper suggests that as a result of changes in the political, economic, demographic and social contexts within which China's internal migration develops, there emerge a crucial need to re‐examine the crude forms of determining identity and belonging, questioning the addressing of spatiality within the existing mechanisms (such as hukou system or the shiminhua discourse). To do so, the paper argues that the existing de‐territorialisation of the migration experience has to be replaced with a more nuanced understanding of how spatial practices and conceptualisations shape migrants’ experiences, as it is becoming imperative to develop a new framework that is more sensitive to migrants’ lived process of identification and belonging, especially as these traverse multiple geographies and spatial scales. This close engagement with migrants’ spatiality can then be used as a base from which to engage with a more complex view of migrants’ spatial and social relatedness, as well as the development of their urban belonging and identity.     

农村剩余劳动力转移管理信息系统探索

研究目的：为了实现农村剩余劳动力的有效转移,研究方法：提出并建立农村剩余劳动力转移管理信息系统。并根据其系统的目标、设计原则设计了该系统,同时在说明该系统功能的基础上对应用该系统的效果进行了详细的分析,研究结果：其分析结果表明他的使用将非常有助于农村剩余劳动力的有效转移。     

Labour market impacts of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants in China

Using China Migrants Dynamic Survey Project data from 2011 to 2017, this study investigates the labour market impacts of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on internal migrants by the difference-in-differences approach in China. The results reveal that equalisation of basic public health and medical services increases the probability of labour participation and the income of internal migrants. Male migrants, married migrants and migrants who cover long migration distances have a much stronger positive response to the equalisation of basic public health and medical services in terms of likelihood of labour participation and level of income. Mechanism checks indicate that the increases in labour participation and income of internal migrants are enhanced by the improvement of medical service utilisation, human capital and social integration after the implementation of the equalisation of basic public health and medical services.     

Examining trans‐Tasman migration of new immigrants to New Zealand from the People's Republic of China: A quantitative approach

‘Back‐door’ migration refers to the entry of overseas‐born New Zealand citizens to Australia. Many New Zealand Chinese migrants from the People's Republic of China (PRC) are within this migration flow. Based on a detailed analysis on the permanent and long‐term arrival and departure data from Statistics New Zealand and an online survey conducted by the author, this paper examines the trans‐Tasman migration of New Zealand's PRC migrants. The result shows that compared with New Zealand‐born citizens, the trans‐Tasman migration of China‐born New Zealand citizens is not large in number. The 2001 Australia immigration policy change of the welfare provisions to New Zealand citizens discouraged ‘back‐door’ migration of the PRC migrants in the short term only. Australia still remains a favoured destination for many of them. Economic consideration is the main factor drawing these migrants to Australia. This paper also reveals a circulatory feature of the PRC migrants' trans‐Tasman migratory movements, as evidenced by a significant number of respondents who had migrated from New Zealand to Australia indicating that they would come back to New Zealand at some future time.     

合作社成员资格对雪茄烟叶种植经济效益的影响——以四川什邡为例

随着国产雪茄消费和生产的强劲发展态势,雪茄烟叶原料生产组织模式的创新与转型,是推动烟叶优质高效供给的重要课题。本研究基于四川什邡实地调研数据,从农民专业合作社角度考察合作社成员资格对农户雪茄烟叶种植经济效益的影响。结果表明：（1）从统计结果看,雪茄烟叶种植单位产量和单位产值分别在种植规模为[0.2,0.267）hm²和（0,0.133）hm²的区间最高;（0,0.133）hm²和[0.2,0.267）hm²分别是雪茄烟叶单位低成本和单位高收益的种植规模区间。（2）从实证结果看,加入合作社对农户雪茄烟叶种植的单位产量有显著促进作用,且对低收入农户的影响更大;加入合作社对雪茄烟叶种植的单位产值提高、单位收益提高和单位成本降低均有正向影响,但不显著。雪茄烟叶生产中烟农加入合作社对促进提质增效,保证烟叶稳定供给有益。各烟区应该适宜发挥合作社的组织优势,优化生产组织结构,同时进一步规范烟草行业合作社的发展,使之与农业经济整体发展同步。     

代际差异视角下农民工留城意愿的影响因素研究——基于全国9省的调研数据

20世纪90年代以来,农民工群体出现了老一代农民工和新生代农民工的分化,为了解新老一代农民工留城意愿的现状以及影响因素,笔者基于代际差异视野下研究农民工留城意愿问题,采用全国9省3358名农民工的样本数据,从个体特征、家庭特征、工作特征、政策因素和心理因素这5个方面分别探析老一代和新生代农民工留城意愿的影响因素。研究发现：新、老农民工留城意愿影响因素以及影响程度有所不同,其中,教育程度、住房满意度、就业类型、是否有新农合等因素对新生代农民工留城意愿有显著的促进作用,婚姻对其具有显著的抑制作用;性别、教育程度、老家房产情况、月收入、日均工作时间、是否有养老保险、生活满意度等因素对老一代农民工留城意愿具有显著的促进作用。因此,要提高农民工的留城意愿,一方面要加大教育培训力度,提升农民工的就业质量;另一方面要完善和健全社会保障系统,为农民工留城减少后顾之忧。     

The impact of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants in China

Using China Migrants Dynamic Survey Project data from 2012 to 2018, this paper evaluates the causal impact of equalisation of basic public health and medical services on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants by the difference-in-differences approach. The results reveal that the equalisation of basic public health and medical services has a negative impact on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants of 4%. Male, middle-aged, and unmarried internal migrants have a much stronger negative response, in terms of long-term urban settlement intentions, to changes in basic public health and medical services. Moreover, more recent internal migrants, those in first-tier cities and those in cities in eastern regions also have a much stronger negative response. Mechanism checks imply that the negative impact on the long-term urban settlement intentions of internal migrants is caused by social integration decline after implementation of equalisation of basic public health and medical services.     

农村养蚕作业劳动强度因子矢量化分析

以因素矢量分解法分析了农村养蚕作业劳动强度的矢量结构、密度成分、互作关系等特征,研究认为：调整劳动强度矢量体、降低劳动强度密度成分、简化多种类生产互作效应等,是降低养蚕作业劳动强度的有效方式。通过监测农村劳动力结构变化、评估养蚕新技术劳动强度、降低养蚕劳动者生理负荷、增强中老年劳动者心理承受能力等措施,综合降低养蚕作业劳动强度。     

Shifting subjects of health-care: placing "medical tourism" in the context of Malaysian domestic health-care reform

"Medical tourism" has frequently been held to unsettle naturalised relationships between the state and its citizenry. Yet in casting "medical tourism" as either an outside "innovation" or "invasion," scholars have often ignored the role that the neoliberal retrenchment of social welfare structures has played in shaping the domestic health-care systems of the "developing" countries recognised as international medical travel destinations. While there is little doubt that "medical tourism" impacts destinations' health-care systems, it remains essential to contextualise them. This paper offers a reading of the emergence of "medical tourism" from within the context of ongoing health-care privatisation reform in one of today's most prominent destinations: Malaysia. It argues that "medical tourism" to Malaysia has been mobilised politically both to advance domestic health-care reform and to cast off the country's "underdeveloped" image not only among foreign patient-consumers but also among its own nationals, who are themselves increasingly envisioned by the Malaysian state as prospective health-care consumers.     

Social geography of sexually transmitted diseases in China: Exploring the role of migration and urbanisation

Abstract: This paper examines the social geography of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in China, focusing on the spread of HIV/AIDS, and the extent to which migration and urbanisation might be contributing to both the spread and the increasing prevalence of these diseases. The paper begins with a discussion of the early years of the epidemic (beginning in the mid‐1980s), when the consensus view was that STDs and HIV were geographically marginal phenomena, occurring either on China's periphery, or in isolated parts of its rural interior. This characterisation seemed to be less appropriate in the latter part of the 1990s, when it became clear that temporary and circular migration had the potential to spread the diseases from one part of the country to another. The second part of the paper examines the connection between migration and the prevalence of STDs and HIV, reporting on some of the empirical evidence to support such a hypothesis, and speculating on the theoretical underpinnings of the migration/STD relationship. The third part of the paper considers what might lie in store for China in terms of its HIV epidemic. One distinct possibility is the spread of HIV to China's booming cities, and to explore this possibility in theoretical terms, a number of interrelated aspects of urbanisation that might be associated with higher rates of HIV‐related risky behaviours are considered. It is suggested that these overlapping sets of forces could be related to the emergence of new behaviours and lifestyles that may be putting a growing number of Chinese people at risk in the new millennium.     

滑准税对中国棉花市场影响的实证分析

摘 要：现行滑准税政策是我国加入WTO后棉花贸易政策的重要组成部分。本文首先回顾了国内有关专家学者就滑准税政策的研究结论,在此基础上就滑准税对棉价波动及进口量波动的影响、滑准税对国内棉花市场价格的影响以及滑准税对纺织业的影响进行了实证研究。最后,对现行滑准税改革提出政策建议。     

Impact of Operating Conditions on the Productivity of Star-Rated Hotels in Mainland China: Verification from Spatial Metrology

Room occupancy rate is a key indicator of star-rated hotel management quality. This paper takes Cobb-Douglas production function as the theoretical framework. Spatial Moran index of autocorrelation, Spatial Lag Model(SLM) and Spatial Error Model(SEM) are used to analyze the star-rated hotels labor productivity of 31 provincial regions in mainland China based on the star-rated hotels statistical data of year 2016. The spatial correlation and spatial difference of the star-rated hotels labor productivity is discussed. This paper studies the impact of three factors on spatial characteristics of star-rated hotels labor productivity in mainland China. The econometric estimation results show that:(1) Star-rated hotels labor productivity present significant spatial dependence and spatial difference in mainland China.(2) The estimation results of Ordinary least Squares(OLS) are reliable.(3) The reliability of the results obtained by the Spatial Error Model(SEM) analysis is the highest, and has a stronger explanatory power to the spatial relationship of star-rated hotels labor productivity in mainland China. The average room occupancy rate has more influence on the labor productivity of the provincial star-rated hotels than the impact of capital and labor.     

苏州中国花卉植物园温湿效应及其对人体舒适度的影响

探讨苏州城市景观公园不同群落温湿效应及其对人体舒适感的影响,为公园内部绿地系统的布局和植物种植规划提供参考。以苏州市中国花卉植物园园外道路和园内的道路、香樟林、栀子花林、槐树林、复合林6种不同样地为研究对象,测量分析各样地温湿度变化以及对人体舒适度的影响。结果表明:将园外沥青道路作为对照,在降温强度方面,园内不同样地的降温幅度0～4.2℃,依次为乔草>乔灌草>灌草>园内沥青道路;在增湿强度方面,园内不同样地的增湿幅度0～11.7%,香樟林、槐树林、复合林在白天的增湿效果十分明显。在不同季节,整个植物园相比于园外沥青道路有降温增湿的作用,人体舒适感增加,为人们户外活动提供了一个良好的选择。今后在公园的经营管理过程中,在植物配植方面,可以考虑以乔木为主体,选择单一或复合混交结构,合理建设游憩林等林下休闲场所,以最大限度改善生态环境,吸引更多游客。     

不同包衣模式尿素N在基质中释放规律及对黄瓜秧苗生长的影响

为了探索包衣尿素养分释放规律和对育苗生长的影响,以普通尿素为对照,分别按等氮量设置了L30、L60和S60三种释放类型树脂包衣尿素处理并进行黄瓜穴盘基质育苗试验。在第15、21、29、36天测定了基质、肥料及幼苗中氮素含量变化情况,并在最后一天还测定了壮苗指数。结果表明：不同处理间基质中无机氮含量、幼苗吸氮量以及壮苗指数差异显著,其中L30处理氮素的释放与黄瓜幼苗吸氮趋势相吻合。幼苗株高、茎粗、单株干物重均优于CK处理,壮苗指数提高20.2%。因此,采用L30型控释氮肥,可以实现一次底肥投入,达到育苗期间免追氮肥的目标。     

中国小麦蛋白质品质性状分析及主要影响因子的研究进展

小麦是中国第三大粮食作物,是人类所需蛋白质的重要来源,其品质的优劣和产量的高低,直接影响着农业经济及食品行业的发展。研究和改良小麦蛋白质品质成为解决这一矛盾的关键。以国内外发表的论文为基础,分析了中国小麦蛋白质品质现状及存在的问题,从遗传模型、主要影响因素以及蛋白质性状与其他品质性状间的相关关系等的研究进展进行了综述。讨论了小麦蛋白质品质现状问题和优质小麦选育的方法建议,以期为优质小麦改良研究提供理论依据。     

提高中国粮食安全方法探究——基于深根豆科牧草的利用

作为最大的发展中国家,中国仅占世界耕地总量的10%,却必须保障世界22%人口的温饱,粮食供应十分紧张,粮食安全必须得到充分的重视。为缓解粮食供应压力,以蛋白牧草代替粮食。试用黄花草木樨进行栽培,通过测得其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和多糖含量与粮食营养含量进行当量计算,同时将进行栽种试验的初期和末期的土壤采样,对比两次测得的土壤理化特征值。测得结果如下,黄花草木樨粗蛋白质含量达到鲜重的17.5%,且营养配比合理,可以替代粮食作物,替代率可达35%左右;另外,栽培黄花草木樨的退化土壤的盐、碱含量、pH和钠离子交换率明显下降,土壤有机质和土壤全氮含量明显升高。基于此,开发蛋白质牧草可提高中国的粮食安全水平,并且对其栽种的土壤环境并无毒害污染且具有明显的改良效果。。     

城镇化进程中农民工创业意愿及其影响因素研究——基于甘肃省农民工调查数据的实证分析

为了研究农民工创业意愿的相关影响因素,对甘肃省289位农民工进行了调查,并运用二元Logistic模型实证分析了影响农民工创业意愿的因素。结果表明：从影响因素来看,年龄小、已婚、受教育程度越高、有创业经历、能得到家人支持且社交广泛的农民工创业意愿越强烈,而务工月收入、家庭人均纯收入越高、偏好冒险的农民工不倾向于创业。同时调查发现创业资金匮乏、没有一技之长、文化程度不高是农民工创业的最大障碍,担心创业失败是农民工创业的心理屏障。因此政府要加大创业资金扶持及政策宣传,加强农民工职业技能培训和创业培训,确保农民工能多渠道获取创业信息,引导农民工高效创业。     

中国柑橘砧木选择研究进展与展望

对国内柑橘砧木应用现状与在近20年内有关柑橘砧木选择的研究进展进行了总结。在应用现状上,中国柑橘的主导砧木枳砧存在嫁接后期不亲和、不耐深而板结的土壤、不耐盐碱土、不耐过大的温差剧烈变化、易感裂皮病、立枯病、青枯病和火疫病等,亟待改良或更换。在砧木选择研究进展上,中国调查出和引进了一些优良的柑橘砧木种质资源,通过体细胞融合选育出一些可作为柑橘砧木的柑橘体细胞杂种资源;在柑橘砧木资源的遗传稳定性、嫁接亲和性和矮化性等早期鉴定上,探索出一些有待完善的鉴定方法;在砧木选择上,选出一些具有某些优点的砧木,但尚不能冲击枳砧的主导地位,并且选择研究方法有必要把现行单纯的砧木比较改为与砧木种类、栽培技术或环境条件相结合进行比较。柑橘砧木种质资源的调查、引种、选育和利用研究仍是今后的研究重点和方向。     

Impact of Operating Conditions on the Productivity of Star-Rated Hotels in China's Mainland: Verification from Spatial Metrology

Room occupancy rate is a key indicator of star-rated hotel management quality. This paper takes Cobb-Douglas production function as the theoretical framework. Spatial Moran index of autocorrelation, Spatial Lag Model(SLM) and Spatial Error Model(SEM) are used to analyze the star-rated hotels labor productivity of 31 provincial regions in China's Mainland based on the star-rated hotels statistical data of year 2016. The spatial correlation and spatial difference of the star-rated hotels labor productivity is discussed. This paper studies the impact of three factors on spatial characteristics of star-rated hotels labor productivity in China's Mainland. The econometric estimation results show that:(1) Star-rated hotels labor productivity present significant spatial dependence and spatial difference in China's Mainland.(2) The estimation results of Ordinary least Squares(OLS) are reliable.(3) The reliability of the results obtained by the Spatial Error Model(SEM) analysis is the highest, and has a stronger explanatory power to the spatial relationship of star-rated hotels labor productivity in China's Mainland. The average room occupancy rate has more influence on the labor productivity of the provincial star-rated hotels than the impact of capital and labor.