南京地区豇豆蚜传花叶病毒的鉴定

 1982年5月,从南京郊区豇豆花叶病植株上分离到1株病毒分离物C-1,接种试验的结果证明,它可以侵染12种豆科和藜科植物。它在豇豆上引起系统花叶、叶片卷曲、明脉和畸形等症状。它在苋色藜、昆诺藜和蚕豆上表现为局部病斑。体外抗性测定,失毒温度55~60℃,稀释限点10^-3~10^-4,体外存活期1~2天。病毒极易摩擦接种传病。桃蚜、棉蚜和豆蚜都能传染这种病毒。人工接种的豇豆病株,在花器的各个部分、幼嫩的豆荚组织和末成熟的种子内都带有病毒。病株上采收的种子传毒率可达8.1%。病毒存在于种子的胚和子叶内,种皮内没有测到病毒。病毒粒体线条状,长700~750纤米。病株叶片表皮细胞内有纺锤状的内含体。免疫电镜和SDS~双扩散法测定,病毒分离物C-1与豇豆蚜传花叶病毒(CAMV)的抗血清呈阳性反应。根据以上这些性状,病毒分离物C-1可鉴定为属于马铃薯Y病毒组中的豇豆蚜传花叶病毒。用微量沉淀法测定,病毒粗提纯液制备的抗血清的效价为1:512。SDS-双扩散法测定,南京地区严重发生的豇豆花叶病中,85~86%是由豇豆蚜传花叶病毒引起的。从福建、山东、辽宁等省采集的样本中,也证实这种病毒在豇豆上普遍发生。     

河北省赤豆花叶病毒分离物的鉴定

 从河北省赤豆实生苗上获得一个分离物,它系种传的,引起赤豆产生疱状花叶,易经汁液摩擦接种,桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、豆蚜(Aphis cracivara)以非持久性方式传播,其钝化温度为55-60℃(十分钟)稀释限点为10^-2-10^-3,体外存活期为1-2天。寄主范围狭窄,系统侵染大豆(Glycine max)、绿豆(Phaselous aureus)、豇豆(Vigna sinensis cv.花豇豆)、棉豆(Phaseolus lunatus)、赤豆(P.angularis)等豆科植物,局部侵染苋色藜(Chenopodium amaranticolor)、昆诺藜(C.quinoa)和番杏(Tetragonia expensa)。病毒粒体线条形,略弯曲,755×13nm.A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀比值为1.224。病组织超薄切片中有风轮状内含体。SDS-免疫双扩散试验表明它与黑眼豇豆花叶病毒(BICMV)血清学关系十分密切。综合以上特征,我们认为赤豆花叶病毒河北省分离物为BICMV。河北省赤豆种子携带该病毒百分率为3-5%,它是田间主要毒源之一。     

一种蚜虫持久性传病的长豇豆黄化型病毒

 1983年6月,在南京郊区的长豇豆上采到1株表现植株矮缩症状的C-7病毒分离物。接种试验证明,它不能摩擦接种传病,但可以由豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、棉蚜(A.gossypii)和桃蚜(Myzus persicae)以持久性方式传病。寄主范围测定的结果表明:分离物可以侵染长豇豆、豇豆、蚕豆、大豆、菜豆、豌豆、赤豆、利马豆、苜蓿、红三叶、地三叶、绛三叶、葫芦巴,紫云英和苕子等15种豆科植物和曼陀罗1种茄科植物。这些植物大都出现植株矮化,叶片扭曲,卷缩或僵缩,不能开花结实等症状。豆蚜的传病性状中,获毒饲育的最短传病时间为3小时,接毒饲育最短传病时间为10分钟,循回期是24小时左右。但是,传病率最高的获毒饲育时间是2~3天,接毒饲育时间在1天以上。接种1头蚜虫就具有传病能力,5头蚜虫能达到100%的传病率。蚜虫可以终身传毒,蜕皮不影响其传毒力,但传毒有间歇性。根据它的基本性状,病毒C-7分离物是一种豆科植物的黄化型病毒,可能是属于大麦黄矮病毒组(Luteovirus Group)的成员。     

引起辣椒花叶、枯顶的一个病毒分离物的鉴定

 从河北望都辣椒地分离到一株辣椒病毒分离物.测定表明能侵染茄科、苋科、豆科、菊科、藜科的25种植物,不能侵染葫芦科和十字花科等13种植物.桃蚜（Myzus persicae）非持久性传毒;钝化温度65—70℃,稀释限点10^-4—10^-5体外保毒期6天（20—22℃）;病毒颗粒呈球形,直径约25nm;ISEM测定它与蚕豆萎蔫病毒（BBWV）关系密切;电镜下观察到BBWV所特有的长管状内含体和布纹状结晶体,认为该分离物是BBWV.但寄主范围和寄主反应与文献报道的BBWV各分离物有所不同,可能是另一毒株。     

山东省大豆花叶病毒原及其生物学的研究

 山东省田间侵染大豆的花叶病毒,粒体线条状,大小714-729×12-13nm,粗提纯液与SMV抗血清呈阳性反应。寄主范围窄,接种5科14种植物只侵染大豆,呈系统花叶症状。体外抗性。钝化温度65-70℃,稀释限点10^-3-10^-4,体外保毒划3-4天。传毒方式:可通过种子、蚜虫和摩擦接种传毒。根据以上特性,侵染大豆的花叶病毒,毒原应为大豆花叶病毒(SMV),属于马铃薯y病毒组(Potyvirus group)的成员。     

A potyvirus isolated from Senna occidentalis

A potyvirus causing severe mosaic symptoms was isolated from Senna occidentalis (syn. Cassia occidentalis ) in the Yemen Republic and Ethiopia. It was transmitted mechanically and by Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner. The flexuous, rod-shaped particles had a mean length of 830 nm, and pinwheels and scrolls were observed by electron microscopy of thin sections of infected Nicotiana clevelandii leaves. Its host range was narrow with only a few legume species, Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana susceptible to experimental infection. This virus was purified from N. clevelandii and the coat protein had a molecular mass of 34-5 kDa. It reacted positively in ELISA with monoclonal antibody 197 that is specific for potyviruses, but was not decorated by antibodies to any other potyvirus tested when examined by electron microscopy. The virus has been tentatively named cassia severe mosaic potyvirus.     

种传蚕豆真花叶病毒的研究

 本文从生物学性状、理化特性、蛋白外壳及血清学特性等方面,比较系统地研究了从安徽蚕豆上分离到的一个种传分离物Bd。根据试验结果,参考国际上报道的文献,作者认为该分离物隶属于蚕豆真花叶病毒(BBTMV)。这是BBTMV在中国的第一次报道。     

Serological relationships between five fungally transmitted cereal viruses and other elongated viruses

F(ab')₂ and protein A ELISA tests were used to investigate the serological affinities of five fungally transmitted cereal viruses: barley yellow mosaic (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic (BaMMV), oat mosaic (OMV), wheat yellow mosaic (WYMV) and oat golden stripe (OGSV). Within this group only BaYMV and WYMV were related. Chinese and UK isolates of BaYMV appeared to be similar. In tests using antisera to 29 other elongated viruses, BaYMV was related to one isolate of bean yellow mosaic poty virus (BYMV-G) and OGSV had affinities with BYMV-G, potato virus M, red clover vein mosaic (both carlaviruses) and perhaps Hordeum mosaic virus. The results were confirmed in immunoelectron microscopic tests. No affinities were found for BaMMV, OMV or WYMV.     

豌豆病毒病病原研究

 1986年至1990年,从豌豆田中采集了150余份病毒病样本,鉴定出蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BB-WV)、芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)、马铃薯Y病毒组分离物、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、莴苣花叶病毒(LMV)、大豆花叶病毒(SMV)、豌豆花叶病毒(PMV)、菜豆黄花叶病毒(BYMV)和苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)等9种病毒。样本中,BBWV所占的比例最高,达59.2%,其次为CMV,占15.5%。BBWV常与CMV复合侵染豌豆,LMV发生也较普遍。田间调查表明,豌豆病毒病发病率因种植地区及品种不同而有差异,平均发病率为12.4%。     

侵染勿忘我花卉的蚕豆萎蔫病毒的鉴定

从勿忘我（Ｍｙｏｓｏｔｉｓｓｉｌｖａｔｉｃａ）上采集到１病株，接种昆诺阿藜，接种叶褪绿斑，系统顶枯，最后整株枯死。蚕豆接种叶呈黑色坏死斑，主茎变褐、全株萎蔫。矮牵牛接种叶褪绿斑，系统花叶。用诱捕修饰法制片，观察到病毒粒体球形，并在病毒粒体外面包被着一层抗体。琼脂双扩散试验呈阳性反应     

北京菜豆(Phaseolus Vulgaris)上的一种新病毒—和性黄色花叶病毒

 从北京郊区患有类似花叶病害的菜豆株上分离到一种线条状病毒(长约700至750nm)并于1983至1986年间加以研究。在温室内接种可以侵染菜豆、蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、决明、苋色藜及昆诺藜而不能侵染被接种的任何茄科植物.同标准的菜豆普遍花叶病毒(BCMV)相比,它不侵染茄科植物例如黄花烟(Nicotiana rustica)和矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)在菜豆叶上也不产生坏死枯斑.此外它能侵染蚕豆、大豆、豌豆及决明而BCMV则不能.BCMV能侵染豇豆而这一分离物则不能.此分离物的物理性状为:钝化温度=56-580℃(十分钟),硫释限点=10^-3至10^-4,180℃下存治期为3天,A260/280=1.12.菜豆受侵叶组织易用光学显微镜观察到内含体包括一种片层叠合体.在电镜下超薄切片中可以看到风轮状体.极易用汁液摩接及用桃蚜(Myzus persic(接种.此病毒的衣壳蛋白亚基的分子量经测定为32,000道尔顿.此病毒与下列病毒即菜豆普通花叶病毒,菜豆黄色花叶病毒,黑眼豇豆花叶病毒,豌豆种传花叶病毒,三叶草黄脉病毒,莴苣花叶病毒及甜菜花叶病毒的抗血清均无反应.由于它在菜豆的"一窝猴"品种的叶片上产生沿脉黄色小点,因此认为这是一种新的独立的病毒,称之为菜豆和性黄色花叶病毒.     

北京地区一种侵染菊花的线条病毒

 从北京地区菊花病毒病株上分离到一种线条状病毒CA分离物。经寄主范围,传播方式、汁液体外抗性,外壳旧白分子量、粒体大小和在细胞中产生的内含体研究结果分析,此病毒为Potyvirus成员,沉淀反应,免疫双扩散反应和免疫电镜技术检测证明CA分离物与PVY在清学相关性。CA分离物已制备抗血清和提纯IgG,并应用于品种菊组培苗脱毒检测工作。     

花生矮化病毒(PSV)的研究

 1983年7月,从山东薛城的花生上分离到一个病毒分离物PS-34,以汁液摩擦接种测定了9科48种植物,PS-34可侵染6科15种植物,在苋色藜上表现系统花叶。由桃蚜、豆蚜以非持久性方式传病。体外抗性测定,失毒温度50-55℃,稀释限点10^-3-10^-4,体外存治期3-4天.提纯后经电镜观察,病毒粒体呈球形,直径±29nm.提纯病毒的抗血清和花生矮化病毒日本株系(PSV-J)的抗血清交互测定,都与PS-34有明显的沉淀线反应。故将病毒分离物PS-34鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒组的花生矮化病毒(PSV)。因苋色藜和昆诺藜上表现为系统花叶,与在寄主反应上明显不同.因此,确定其为一种新的花生矮化病毒PSV-C株系.     

Influence of beet soil-borne virus on mechanically inoculated sugar beet

Seven-day-old seedlings of three different sugar-beet varieties (Carla, Rizor and Desirée) were inoculated mechanically with the Ahlum isolate of beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) in crude sap from infected leaves of Chenopodium quinoa. Control plants were mock-inoculated with sap from healthy C. quinoa. After potting up, the plants were arranged in a randomized block design on nine neighbouring benches in a glasshouse. Plants were sampled after 11 weeks, the fresh weight of the tap roots determined and the presence of virus checked by ELISA. Considerable variation in tap-root growth was observed between benches. Overall, BSBV inoculation reduced tap-root weight of Rizor and Carla by c. 20%. Problems arising in attempts to assess yield loss due to BSBV in naturally infected sugar beet are discussed.     

An unusual isolate of turnip mosaic potyvirus fromAbutilon theophrasti in Piedmont, Italy

An isolate of the poty virus turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-Ab) showing severe mosaic symptoms inAbutilon theophrasti from Piedmont (northwestern Italy) in 1993, has been found to be of an unusual pathotype and serotype. The isolate was easily transmitted byAphyis gossiypii and Myzus persicae and was not seed-transmitted inA. Theophrasti. The host range of TuMV-Ab was different from that of another Piedmont isolate of TuMV fromAlliaria officinalis and from a TuMV isolate fromBrassica napus. TuMV-Ab was characterized using the reactions on the fourB. Napus lines S4, R4, 165 and S1 as the rare pathotype 7, found only once previously in Europe. Tests with polyclonal antisera indicated that TuMV-Ab was only distantly related to the two other TuMV isolates. Serological characterization with a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies showed that TuMV-Ab belonged to one of the less common serotypes (JPN).     

Occurrence of potyvirus and potexvirus infections in black bryony (Tamus communis) in Devon, UK

Leaf samples of black bryony (Tamus communis L.) from Devon, UK, showing various virus-like symptoms contained potyvirus-like particles (normal length c. 790 nm) and cytoplasmic cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions. In immunoelectron microscopy, particles of most samples reacted with antiserum to dioscorea greenbanding mosaic virus, a potyvirus isolate from Dioscorea rotundata in Togo which is related to yam mosaic virus from the Ivory Coast. Potyvirus particles were not transmitted by sap or aphids (Myzuspersicae) from infected black bryony to black bryony seedlings or Nicotiana benthamiana. One sample from a symptomless plant of black bryony contained a potexvirus which formed massed virion aggregates in the cytoplasm of cells of black bryony, Nicotiana benthamiana and N. megalosiphon. Virions of the potexvirus (normal length 553 nm) contained a coat protein with an apparent molecular weight of 27.7 kd. The potexvirus differed from an Italian potexvirus isolate from black bryony by a serological differentiation index of 4 and gave only weak or no reactions with 23 other antisera to potexviruses, including dioscorea latent virus. The potexvirus caused systemic symptoms in only a few host plants and could be transmitted back to black bryony in which it caused no symptoms. It is provisionally named tamus latent virus.     

Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: occurrence in faba bean (Vicia faba) and lentil (Lens culinaris) in West Asia and North Africa,and further information on host range,transmission characteristics,and purification

In a survey for viruses of cultivated legumes in West Asia and North Africa, pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) was found in faba bean, lentil and pea. Using ELISA, it was detected in 107 out of 1554 faba bean samples and 40 out of 496 lentil samples with virus-like symptoms collected in Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon., Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia and Turkey.A pea isolate (SP9-88) from Syria was further characterized. Out of 57 plant species tested, 35 were found susceptible, 19 of which are newly reported hosts of the virus. The virus was transmitted efficiently in the non-persistent manner by five aphid species, especiallyMyzus persicae. Purification from systemically infected faba bean plants yielded 10–15 mg of purified virus per kg of infected tissue. Sap-inoculation of the food and forage legume species chickpea, faba bean, lentil, pea,Vicia narbonensis, V. sativa, Lathyrus ochrus andL. sativus at flowering stage led to 66.0, 40.5, 44.6, 49.2, 31.7, 7.5, 35.7 and 12.0% yield loss, respectively, and to seed-transmission, rates of 0.7, 6.0, 10.8, 1.1, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. No transmission was detected in chickpea seed embryo axes. However, the virus was detected in the seed coat of SPbMV-infected chickpea at an estimated rate of 1.81%.     

大豆花叶病毒病的鉴定

 1978年到1979年在江苏南京和扬州进行了大豆上发生最普遍的一种花叶病毒病的鉴定工作。系统地观察了病害的症状。发病初期表现明脉,并发展为斑驳花叶,叶缘自下呈波纹状卷曲,以后出现皱缩或沿叶脉两侧呈泡状突起等症状。病株根系发育差,产生的根瘤少而小,并常常形成无绒毛的豆荚和褐色斑纹的种子,病株有恋青情况。
病株种子的传毒率可高达58.1%。测定的6种蚜虫中有桃蚜(Myzus per-sicae)、大豆蚜(Aphis glycine),首蓿蚜(Aphis craccivera)、棉蚜(Aphis gossgpii)、菜蚜(Rhopalosiphuns pseudobrassicae)能传病,而麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)不能传病。
这种病毒的寄主范围很窄,测定的14种植物中只能侵染大豆,不能侵染其它豆科植物,也不能侵染烟草、心叶烟、千日红、百日菊、曼陀罗和小藜等。
抗性测定的致死温度为65~68℃,稀释限点是1:2000~1:10,000倍,体外保毒期6天。
用浸出法和磷钨酸负染的电子显微镜观察为大小±750×13nm的线条状病毒粒体。
根据以上性状,这种大豆病毒病的病原鉴定为大豆花叶病毒(SMV)属马铃薯Y病毒群(Poly virus group)。     

Gentian mosaic virus: A New Species in the Genus Fabavirus

ABSTRACT A viral isolate, designated N-1 and obtained from a gentian (Gentiana scabra) plant that exhibited mosaic symptoms, was transmitted mechanically to nine plant species in six families. These plants are known as hosts of fabaviruses. The N-1 isolate was composed of isometric particles 30 nm in diameter and included two RNA molecules of approximately 6.0 and 3.6 kb in length, as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RNAs were encapsidated separately in two of the three types of particle. Each particle contained two distinct proteins with Mr values of 39.3 x 10(3) and 26.6 x 10(3), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of the RNAs suggested that each encoded a single large polyprotein, in which putative functional proteins were arranged in a manner similar to those in Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) and Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), which are members of the genus Fabavirus (family Comoviridae). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins indicated that those of isolate N-1 shared 38 to 66% identity with those of BBWV-1 and BBWV-2 but only 16 to 42% identity with those of a comovirus, Cowpea mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the amino acid sequences of RNA polymerase, placed isolate N-1 in a separate lineage from BBWV-1 and BBWV-2. In indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, isolate N-1 exhibited distant serological relationship to BBWV-1, BBWV-2, and Lamium mild mosaic virus, another fabavirus. Our results suggest that N-1 represents a new species of Fabavirus. We propose the name Gentian mosaic virus for this new species.     

芝麻上花生条纹病毒的发生规律

ＥＬＩＳＡ和生长法检测结果表明,芝麻种不种传ＰＳｔＶ,感染ＰＳｔＶ的花生是芝麻黄花叶病毒病的主要初侵染源。桃蚜、豆蚜和大事蚜能传播芝麻上ＰＳｔＶ,传毒率分别为３７％、１９．３％和１３．８％,而经为０。黄花叶病害流行程度肥芝麻生育期蚜虫发生量互作作用影响。芝麻黄花叶病害年度间流行程度差异大,发病率与６月下旬７月上旬平均气温、降雨量及雨日在。芝麻苗期至蕾期为感病生育期,进入开花后期,芝麻对ＰＳｔＶ 表