如何应对仔猪断奶后腹泻？

仔猪断奶后腹泻一般发生在仔猪断奶后2周内，其症状是腹泻、脱水，仔猪死亡率高，存活仔猪体重明显下降。仔猪断奶后腹泻可导致仔猪生长缓慢甚至停滞，而且发病率和死亡率高，仔猪福利受损，从而造成猪场的经济损失。     

三元杂交仔猪早期补饲效益分析

通过对三元杂交仔猪（简称三杂仔猪），二元杂交仔猪（简称二杂仔猪）早期补饲的分析，说明不同杂交组合仔猪进行早期补饲都能提高仔猪的日增重，断奶重和断奶窝重，从而提高仔猪经济效益，三杂仔猪比二杂仔猪更为更显著。     

浅谈60日龄以内仔猪的饲养

1仔猪初生 1．1接产接产仔猪，首先将新生仔猪口、鼻内的黏液掏尽，除去仔猪身上的黏膜，迅速擦干仔猪身上的羊水和黏液，使仔猪能自由的呼吸，接着断脐，再将仔猪及时放在保温区，仔猪出生后1h内应吃到初乳，要协助初生仔猪吮吸初乳．必要时人工辅助固定乳头。     

几种仔猪腹泻病的鉴别诊断

仔猪腹泻病是以仔猪腹泻为主要症状的传染病，主要有猪传染性胃肠炎、猪流行性腹泻、猪轮状病毒病、仔猪白痢、仔猪黄痢、仔猪红痢、仔猪副伤寒、猪痢疾等，在临床上常见多发，常引起仔猪消瘦，发育不良，大批死亡等，严重制约着养猪业的发展。笔者在实际临床诊疗工作中，总结出几种仔猪腹泻病的异同之处，利于鉴别诊断，现介绍如下：１共同特点仔猪腹泻病主要侵害３月龄以内的仔猪，发病率高，造成仔猪不同程度的死亡。仔猪一贯表现精神沉郁，食欲不振，体温升高或不变，不愿走动，怕冷。腹泻，尾及肛门周围常沾有粪便，脱水，眼球下陷，眼…     

野猪仔猪饲养中主要疫病的防治

介绍了野猪仔猪饲养过程中应注意的几种主要疫病，仔猪白肌病，仔猪李氏杆菌病，仔猪水肿病，仔猪副伤寒的防治措施。     

现代化养猪生产管理技术(Ⅵ)

3．4．4哺乳期仔猪的饲养管理 养育哺乳仔猪的目的是使其发育良好、体质健壮、快速生长、降低仔猪的发病率和死亡率，提高仔猪的成活率和断乳窝重，为仔猪断乳后的正常生长发育打下良好基础。因此，要根据哺乳仔猪的生物学特征和生理特点，采取相应的饲养管理技术措施，精心护理、科学养育，认真抓好仔猪的“六关”和“三防”。即仔猪初生关、仔猪初乳关、乳头定位关、调教补料关、仔猪奶膘关和仔猪断乳关，     

仔猪非传染性腹泻病的原囡及防冶

仔猪腹泻是集约化养猪生产条件下是最严重的仔猪疾病群之一，也是引起仔猪死亡的重要原因。非传染性仔猪腹泻主要由于仔猪消化机能不全、日粮抗原过敏、营养因子缺乏，应激因素等引起，常表现为结果导致仔猪生长受阻、抗病力下降，造成仔猪大量死亡，严重威胁着养猪业的健康发展，给养猪业带来巨大的经济损失。因此，如何采取有效的措施预防和控制仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪成活率。     

集约化养猪场哺乳仔猪腹泻的原因及其控制

通过对集约化养猪场仔猪腹泻原因，症状表现的分析，提出规模化养殖场在仔猪培育方面应注意避免仔猪的环境应激，病源菌的感染和母猪料的不合理更换，从而提出防止哺乳母猪患病，仔猪饮水不足和仔猪料配制使用不合理等问题，强调加强母猪饲养，提高仔猪抗病力，合理使用乳猪料是防止仔猪腹泻的关键，并提出了治疗仔猪腹泻的措施。     

仔猪腹泻研究进展

仔猪腹泻是目前最严重的仔猪疾病之一，也是引起仔猪死亡的重要原因。据报道，腹泻死亡的仔猪占仔猪死亡总数的39．8％。仔猪腹泻导致仔猪成活率降低、饲料报酬降低、生长缓慢、生长发育停滞（僵猪），严重威胁养猪业健康发展。造成仔猪腹泻的原因有许多因素，本文就仔猪腹泻病因及预防措施加以介绍。     

仔猪腹泻研究进展

仔猪腹泻是目前最严重的仔猪疾病之一，也是引起仔猪死亡的重要原因。据报道，腹泻死亡的仔猪占仔猪死亡总数的39．8％。仔猪腹泻导致仔猪成活率降低、饲料报酬降低、生长缓慢、生长发育停滞（僵猪），严重威胁养猪业健康发展。造成仔猪腹泻的原因有许多因素，本文就仔猪腹泻病因及预防措施加以介绍。     

Porcine neonatal coccidiosis: evaluation of monensin as preventive therapy

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of monensin as a preventive therapy for porcine neonatal coccidiosis. Fifteen three-day-old piglets were given 50,000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis and eight of them received 15 mg/kg of monensin orally every other day. Seven piglets served as normal controls. Fecal samples were collected and checked for oocyst shedding. At 18 days of age, piglets were euthanized and necropsied.

The onset of clinical signs was delayed in the treated group, but all inoculated piglets displayed anorexia, soft stool, or diarrheic feces. Treated piglets shed large numbers of oocysts in their feces (up to 201,200 oocysts per gram of feces). All infected piglets had lesions of villous atrophy in the jejunum and most of them were in the late atrophic or villous regrowth stages.

The results of this study suggest that monensin does not prevent clinical signs, oocyst shedding, and intestinal lesions caused by I. suis in neonatal piglets.

     

仔猪脐疝治疗方法的探讨

为探索预防、治疗仔猪脐疝简便而有效的方法,笔者用保守法成功治愈9头病例,通过对病例和病史资料进行分析,并同其他保守和手术治疗方法相比较,总结出各种方法的适应症和优缺点。结果表明,先天性脐疝与遗传和断脐方法有关,后天性脐疝发生的根本原因是腹压过大。可复性疝应优先采取保守疗法,不可复性疝应积极进行手术治疗。预防措施为早期淘汰相关有害基因,规范断脐方法及饲养管理过程中尽可能消除或减缓一切使腹压增大的因素。     

卵黄抗体被动免疫防治仔猪产肠毒素大肠杆菌性腹泻

用ETECK88+菌株C83907对120日龄待开产蛋鸡进行免疫,获得高免卵黄抗体粉。选用3日龄和21日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交早期断奶仔猪,人工感染C83907大肠杆菌,口服含抗产肠毒素大肠杆菌抗体的卵黄粉进行被动免疫。结果显示,3日龄仔猪服用抗ETEC卵黄抗体粉后,72h腹泻停止,而服用普通蛋黄粉组却仍然腹泻并且有66.7%的死亡率;服用抗ETEC卵黄抗体粉的21日龄仔猪仅有短暂腹泻现象,存活率100%,试验期间总体质量有所增加,而对照组表现严重腹泻伴有脱水现象,试验期间有部分猪只死亡;临床应用表明,喂以3g和5g抗ETEC卵黄粉组的治愈率与抗生素治疗组相当。研究结果表明,卵黄抗体对早期断奶仔猪有一定的促进生长和防止腹泻的效果。     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌病商用疫苗的研究进展

产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)是产房仔猪腹泻的主要细菌性病原,可引起仔猪的黄痢、白痢,给各国养猪业造成较大的经济损失。这也使得很多学者对于如何预防或治疗仔猪黄痢有较深的研究,在我国饲料禁抗的政策下,通过疫苗来预防ETEC引起的黄痢显得尤为重要。文章将展示现阶段,国内外关于该类商用疫苗的研究进展。     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物的抑菌和酸化剂效果研究

采用单因子试验设计,研究了蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB,Rhodimet AT88)对有害微生物的抑菌和杀菌效果,以及对仔猪生产性能的影响。选用120头28日龄断奶的DLY仔猪,随机分为6个处理:HMB1.14、2.28、3.42 g/kg3个组,基础日粮组,DL-蛋氨酸1.0 g/kg组以及复合酸化剂3.0 g/kg组。结果表明:①HMB对大肠杆菌O8、O157、O149、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、坏死性肠炎梭菌的最低抑菌浓度为1000￣1400mg/kg,最低杀菌浓度为1200￣1400mg/kg;②HMB降低饲料系酸力,极显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.01);③试验1￣6周,HMB1.14 g/kg和2.28 g/kg组显著提高仔猪生产性能(P<0.05);HMB2.28g/kg组效果优于复合酸化剂3.0g/kg组,显著高于DL-蛋氨酸1.0g/kg组(P<0.05)。HMB在断奶仔猪饲料中具有蛋氨酸和酸化剂双重效应。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脂多糖单次刺激仔猪肠黏膜免疫应激的影响

本试验旨在研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)单次刺激仔猪肠黏膜免疫应激的影响。选取24头健康仔猪,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,250和500 mg/kg NAC组在基础饲粮中分别添加250和500 mg/kg NAC。试验第17天,LPS组、250和500 mg/kg NAC组仔猪腹膜分别注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。注射后6 h屠宰,取肠黏膜。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250或500 mg/kg NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6和前列腺素E2水平的升高及热应激蛋白70(HSP70)表达量的升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg NAC可有效抑制LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中炎性因子的升高,缓解急性免疫应激。     

Welfare implications of invasive piglet husbandry procedures,methods of alleviation and alternatives: a review

Abstract

Iron administration, teeth clipping, tail docking and castration are common invasive husbandry procedures performed on piglets on commercial farms, generally within the first week of life. These procedures are performed to prevent potential health and welfare problems of piglets and/or the sow, or, with respect to castration, to enhance meat quality. The objectives of this review were firstly, to provide the rationale and scientific evidence for performing these procedures, secondly, to describe the welfare implications of these procedures, and lastly, to describe mitigation strategies or alternatives that can be used to eliminate or reduce the pain caused by these procedures. Administering supplementary iron is necessary to prevent anaemia in piglets and the procedure has a low welfare impact. The stated benefits of teeth clipping to prevent udder lesions do not appear to outweigh the risk from injury and infection in piglets following the procedure. Tail docking reduces the prevalence of tail biting, but does not eliminate this behaviour and the practice of tail docking can cause acute pain. Castration is primarily performed to reduce the occurrence of boar taint, but alternatives are now available that negate the need to perform this procedure. Teeth clipping, tail docking and castration all cause behavioural and physiological changes indicative of acute pain and can have potentially long-term negative consequences such as causing abscesses, lesions and the formation of neuromas. Therefore effective pain mitigation strategies (e.g. analgesia, local or general anaesthesia) that markedly alleviate the pain caused by these procedures are necessary to improve the welfare of piglets. Alternatively, if management practices are available that eliminate the need for performing these procedures altogether, then they should be adopted.     

Study on Effect of Two Types of Compound Immunoglobulin Yolk Powder on Post-weaning Swine Diarrhea

For developing immunoglobulin yolk powder products to prevent and treat the diarrheal piglets, and appling the advanced technology of egg yolk antibody to the husbandry and aquaculture, two types of compound immunoglobulin yolk powder were used to prevent and treat the diarrhea piglets which were challenged with ETEC, PEDV and TGEV.The creep feed added with 0.4% typeⅠimmunoglobulin yolk powder was provided to experimental piglets.There was no death after challenging the piglets with ETEC or virus, only 5 minor diarrhea in piglets in the early infection.As feeding continuing, the 5 piglets diarrhea quickly brought under control, conversely, the piglets in negative control group were totally dead.The immunoglobulin yolk powder type Ⅱ mixed with GNS at the rate of 1∶3 was used to cure the diarrhea piglets, 20 mL per piglet and 2 times a day.After curing for 3 days, the diarrhea was greatly improved, for 5 days the piglets diarrhea was basic recovery, and the survival rate could reach 84% to 88%.Dectected the infected of surviving piglets, compared to the drug treatment control group, prevention group had the lowest pathogen amounts, and the drug treatment control group had the most serious infected.     

两种复合型卵黄免疫球蛋白粉对仔猪腹泻病防治效果的研究

试验旨在开发能够有效预防和治疗仔猪细菌性腹泻和病毒性腹泻的卵黄免疫球蛋白粉相关产品,将卵黄抗体的先进技术更好地应用于畜牧养殖中。采用两种复合型卵黄免疫球蛋白粉对人工感染细菌(ETEC)和病毒(PEDV和TGEV)的21日龄断奶仔猪进行预防和治疗试验。将复合型卵黄免疫球蛋白粉Ⅰ型按0.4%添加至仔猪断奶日粮中,攻毒后仔猪没有出现死亡情况,只有5头仔猪在攻毒初期出现轻微腹泻情况,随着饲喂的继续,5头仔猪腹泻很快得到控制,而攻毒对照组仔猪全部死亡;对21日龄仔猪攻毒,攻毒24h内仔猪陆续出现腹泻症状。在攻毒24h后采用复合型卵黄免疫球蛋白粉Ⅱ型产品以1∶3的比例配以葡萄糖生理盐水进行灌服治疗,经3d治疗后仔猪腹泻情况得到很大的改善,5d后腹泻仔猪基本痊愈,治愈率可达84%~88%。对存活仔猪进行带毒检测,结果显示,预防组存活仔猪带毒水平较其他组更低,治疗组其次,而药物治疗对照组带毒情况严重。     

母猪饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物对预防仔猪贫血的影响

本试验研究了妊娠母猪饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物对仔猪血液生化指标、生长速度和预防仔猪贫血的影响。试验结果表明在母猪妊娠第９３天至哺乳２１天饲粮中添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ蛋氨酸铁螯合物,仔猪初生时不注射铁剂组的血红蛋白浓度较对照组仔猪提高１５．６７Ａ％（１０．７８：９．３２ｇ／１００ｍｌ）,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）：７、２１日龄的血红蛋白浓度为１０ｇ／１００ｍｌ左右,铁营养处于适宜水平。试验组仔猪初生时的红细胞含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但７、２１日龄时则低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．ｏ１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;仔猪的初生重、日增重和３５日龄断奶窝重与对照组相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。仔猪血液生化指标和体重变化说明蛋氨酸铁螯合物可有效地防止仔猪缺铁性贫血的发生。