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1.
油用亚麻品种资源主要性状的鉴定与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(5)
为更好地利用品种资源,对国内外336份油用亚麻品种资源的6个主要农艺性状进行鉴定、变异分析及主成分和系统聚类分析与评价。结果表明,主要农艺性状的变异系数为13.9%~39.5%,各品种资源间农艺性状遗传变异丰富,类型广泛,具有很好的选择利用前景;主成分分析将主要农艺性状聚为4个主成分,即单株果数因子、单株分茎数+株高因子、果粒数因子、产量因子,其对总变异的贡献率分别为27.68%、20.38%、17.40%、15.57%,累计贡献率为81.03%;系统聚类分析在欧氏距离D=41.925水平上将供试材料聚为4大类群,第Ⅲ大类群及第Ⅱ大类群第Ⅰ亚群的材料综合性状表现较好,株高适中,单株分茎、分枝能力强,单株果数多,单株生产力高,可作为优异基因资源重点开发利用,而第Ⅰ大类群第Ⅰ亚群材料则适宜作为纤用亚麻使用。 相似文献
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伊亚4号是新疆伊犁州农业科学研究所选用78-28.1.34.1.5×伊亚2号有性杂交,经过系谱选择和混合选择而育成的油用亚麻新品种.该品种2004年进行品系比较试验.2005-2006年参加全国油用亚麻品种联合区域试验,2005年13个试点中有7个试点增产,平均产量为2008.2kg/hm2,区试中综合表现第一.2006年11个试验点中有8个点增产,平均产量为2112.6kg/hm2.伊亚4号在伊犁河谷生育期为97d,属中熟品种.苗期生长健壮,田间群体生长整齐一致,单株果数多,抗倒伏、抗旱能力强,抗枯萎病、立枯病.适宜在新疆油用亚麻产区及华北、西北部分油用亚麻产区种植. 相似文献
3.
亚麻新品种黑亚14号的应用效果及评价 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
黑亚14号是黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所以高纤、抗倒、早熟的法国亚麻品种FANY为供体,以本所育成的高产亚麻品种黑亚10号为受体通过花粉管通道 DNA导入选育的亚麻新品种.黑亚14号综合了亲本品种的优异遗传基因,具有高产、优质、抗倒伏、抗病性强等优点,2003-2005年在黑龙江省累计推广面积达到10余万hm2,增产亚麻原茎7万t,增加经济效益2.1亿元.黑亚14号不仅适宜于黑龙江省广大地区种植,还推广到吉林、内蒙、新疆、云南等十几个省(区),示范效果显著. 相似文献
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油用亚麻品种比较试验及分析评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以现代农业产业技术体系为平台,对不同省(区)14个油用亚麻品种进行品种比较试验,以当地品种坝亚7号为对照,筛选适宜当地种植的优良品种.通过分析评价,筛选出的陇亚10号、坝选三号、轮选2号、坝亚12号、晋亚9号、坝亚11号6个品种比对照增产13.46%~16.03%,适宜在当地不同生态区种植,可加速品种的更新换代;同时选出分枝数、单株果数、单株粒重、抗病性等性状较优异的品种定亚21号、轮选1号和宁亚17号,可作为育种资源. 相似文献
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丰产早熟抗病亚麻新品种天亚8号的选育 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
张金 《中国油料作物学报》2005,27(3):18-20
天亚8号是以列诺特为母本、天亚6号为父本进行杂交,经不同生态区穿梭选育而成的丰产早熟抗病油纤兼用型亚麻新品种,具有丰产性好、抗病性强、油分品质较好、早熟、适应性广等特点.甘肃省区试平均产量1 324.95kg/hm2,比对照陇亚8号增产10.2%.全国(华北、西北)胡麻区试平均产量1 729.8kg/hm2,比对照品种陇亚8号增产6.29%.生产示范最高产量3 062.3kg/hm2,比当地对照品种平均增产11.89%.籽实平均含油率39.07%,其中亚油酸含量14.35%,亚麻酸含量52.98%. 相似文献
8.
本文主要对黑龙江省纤维用亚麻育种概况、"双亚"系列主要品种经济性状、品种育种规律、亚麻育种方向等进行阐述."双亚"系列亚麻品种是黑龙江省亚麻主栽品种,具有优良的经济性状和不同类型的抗逆性. 相似文献
9.
国外亚麻种质资源的引进、研究和利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
筛选出遗传基础好、抗病性强、综合性状好、品质优良等从国外引进的亚麻优异种质资源12份.并在育种中广泛利用.育成10个具有高纤维、优质、抗逆性强等特点的优良品种.这些品种资源的引进与利用,丰富了我国亚麻的遗传基础,提高了育种水平,对推动亚麻生产快速发展起到了重要作用. 相似文献
10.
亚麻新品种黑亚14号的应用效果及评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
黑亚14号是黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所以高纤、抗倒、早熟的法国亚麻品种FANY为供体,以本所育成的高产亚麻品种黑亚10号为受体通过花粉管通道DNA导入选育的亚麻新品种。黑亚14号综合了亲本品种的优异遗传基因,具有高产、优质、抗倒伏、抗病性强等优点,2003-2005年在黑龙江省累计推广面积达到lO余万hm^2,增产亚麻原茎7万t,增加经济效益2.1亿元。黑亚14号不仅适宜于黑龙江省广大地区种植,还推广到吉林、内蒙、新疆、云南等十几个省(区),示范效果显著。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献