番红花染色体核型分析

通过对番红花根尖细胞进行染色体常规制片,并进行核型分析.结果显示,番红花为2倍体(2n=2x=24)植物,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=24=2t+2st+8sm+12m,其中,中部着丝粒染色体(m)6对,近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)4对,近端着丝粒染色体(st)1对,端着丝粒染色体(t)1对.核型类型为2B,并且倍性不是...     

Close chromosomal congruence in two species of ground squirrel: Xerus inauris and X. princeps (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Chromosomes from cultured fibroblasts of two southern African ground squirrel species, Xerus inauris (2n = 38) and X. princeps (2n = 38), were compared using G-banding, C-banding and silver nitrate staining for the detection of NORs (nucleolar organizer regions). The karyoptypes of the two species, whose taxonomic status is the subject of some uncertainty, are largely identical except for a subtle heterochromatic difference which affects a single autosomal chromosome pair in X. inauris. The species specificity of this marker in their zone of contact indicates an absence of gene flow between these taxa and gives credence to the recognition of X. inauris and X. princeps as two biologically distinct species.     

西藏自治区日喀则市白草核型分析

白草（Pennisetum centrasiaticum）广泛分布于世界各地，被牛羊所采食。本试验采用常规根尖压片法对采自西藏日喀则市的白草进行染色体数目统计及核型分析。结果表明：白草染色体总长度为45.87 μm，平均臂比为1.23，核型不对称指数为54.83；所有染色体的臂比在1.08至1.70范围内，其中近中部着丝粒染色体（sm）为1对，其余17对均为中部着丝粒染色体（m），所有染色体未观测到随体出现；白草染色体基数为9，核型为2n=4x=36=34 m+2 sm，属于四倍体植物，核型类型为1A，是进化较原始的物种。     

Cytosystematics of the South African Aethomys (Rodentia: Muridae)

The G-and C-band chromosome patterns and the location of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are presented for A. namaquensis (2n = 24), A. granti (2n = 32) and A. chrysophilus (2n = 44; 2n = 50). The presence of two distinct cytotypes in what is conventionally recognized as A. chrysophilus is indicative of the presence of two discrete species which, karyology apart, appear to be indistinguishable using existing identification keys. The chromosomal relationships of the South African species and the taxonomic implications of these data are discussed.     

Karyology of the redfin minnows,genus Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): one of the evolutionarily tetraploid lineages of South African barbines

The karyotypes of six species of Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841, namely P. afer (Peters, 1864), P. asper (Boulenger, 1911), P. burchelli Smith, 1841, P. burgi (Boulenger, 1911), P. phlegethon (Barnard, 1938) and P. tenuis (Barnard, 1938), were examined by conventional Giemsa staining and described. All six karyotypes have 2n = 100 chromosomes, dominated by bi-armed chromosomes, as does the only other member of the genus, P. quathlambae (Barnard, 1938). Sex-related intraspecific karyotype variation was not found. The shared chromosome numbers and general similarity of the karyotypes (FN = 186–192) provide a new synapomorphy to support their monophyly, which is already indicated by anatomical and mtDNA markers. Karyotype evolution within the genus has been accompanied by chromosomal inversions and centromeric shifts. Comparison of the diploid number found in Pseudobarbus with other African barbine cyprinines, which have in the region of 2n = 50 and lower FNs, suggests a tetraploid evolutionary origin of the genus, possibly by allotetraploidy.     

不同倍性燕麦的核型分析

试验采用根尖压片法分别对燕麦的3个种Avena nudibreri,A.hispanica和A.sativa的燕麦材料的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明:Avena nudibreri的染色体数目为2n=14,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具2对近中部着丝点染色体和五对中部着丝点染色体,其中第5对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena hispanica的染色体数目为2n=28,核型公式为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2SAT),着丝点的位置有近中部着丝点和中部着丝点区,其中第10对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena sativa的染色体数目为2n=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=26m+16sm(4SAT),具8对近中部着丝点染色体,第12对和第17对染色体短臂末端带有随体,其余为中部着丝点染色体,染色体组型属2B型。     

徐淮白山羊染色体核型研究1

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术分析了徐淮白山羊的染色体核型、C-带。结果表明，徐淮白山羊二倍体染色体数为2N=60，常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体．X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间，Y染色体最小．为中部着丝粒染色体，公羊核型为60．XY．母羊为60．XX。大部分常染色体和性染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C带。     

棕黑锦蛇染色体核型和Ag-NORs研究

初步研究了吉林长白山地区的棕黑锦蛇染色体核型及Ag-NORs特征,并与已经报道的安徽产赤峰锦蛇有关特征进行对比。结果表明,吉林长白山地区的棕黑锦蛇染色体2n=36,由8对大型染色体和10对微小染色体组成,可分为A、B和C3组,性染色体属于ZZ/ZW型,Ag-NORs也都位于1对微小染色体上。棕黑锦蛇仅在第8对和W染色体的相对长度和臂比值上与赤峰锦蛇有差异,染色体其他特征,包括数目、形态、染色体类型等,在2蛇之间基本一致。锦蛇属染色体属名变化较大,但多数种类2n=36。棕黑锦蛇和赤峰锦蛇染色体数目相同,且仅在第8对和W染色体上有差异,由于核型存在地理多态性,单纯依据上述差异尚不能为这2种蛇的分类提供充足的证据。今后,除继续对不同地理分布的棕黑锦蛇和赤峰锦蛇的染色体进行研究外,对棕黑锦蛇和赤峰锦蛇的分类问题还需要从整合分类学角度进行深入研究。     

草原红牛染色体核型与C带分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞短期培养及常规染色体标本制备技术,研究了草原红牛染色体核型及C显带,并着重分析了Y染色体的形态。结果表明:草原红牛二倍体细胞的染色体数目为2n=60,公牛为XY,母牛为XX,常染色体为端着丝粒染色体,X染色体为亚中部着丝粒染色体,Y染色体为中部着丝粒染色体。草原红牛C带带型特征与已报道的普通牛C带特征相一致:所有常染色体着丝粒区深染,常染色体臂和整个X染色体为浅染,Y染色体为半深染。     

连城白鸭外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型研究

本试验通过对连城白鸭外周血淋巴细胞培养、秋水仙素处理后制备染色体标本,并进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,连城白鸭体细胞数目为2n=78±,1号常染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体;2号常染色体为中央着丝粒染色体;3～9号常染色体及W性染色体为端着丝粒染色体;Z性染色体为亚端着丝粒染色体。本文通过对外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型分析,为进一步研究连城白鸭品种选育奠定基础。     

藏鸡的有丝分裂观察及染色体核型分析简

试验采用直接骨髓法制备林芝藏鸡染色体,通过显微自动成像系统观察藏鸡细胞有丝分裂全过程,包括间期、早前期、前期、中期、后期和末期,并分析了藏鸡有丝分裂过程染色体的形态变化规律。通过比较有丝分裂各期的形态,结果发现藏鸡有丝分裂的前期染色体伸展最长,碱基暴露最多,适合于做基因定位工作。同时进行了藏鸡染色体的核型分析,数据统计结果发现林芝地区藏鸡染色体数目2n=78,其中前5对染色体和性染色体中有3对中央着丝粒（m）染色体、1对近中着丝粒（sm）染色体、2对端着丝粒（t）染色体。与前人试验结果进行了比较,结果显示存在一定差异,原因仍需进一步试验验证。     

Karyotypes of three shrew species (Soriculus nigrescens,Episoriculus caudatus and Episoriculus sacratus) from Nepal

The karyotypes of three shrew species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) from Nepal were examined for the first time. Based on the karyotypes and overall differences in skull size, the current Episoriculus caudatus appeared to include two distinct species: the larger E. caudatus and the smaller Episoriculus sacratus. Episoriculus sacratus has three subspecies, E. s. soluensis in Nepal and Sikkim, E. s. umbrinus in Assam, Myanmar and the Yunnan Province of China, and E. s. sacratus in the Sichuan Province of China. Soriculus nigrescens had a diploid chromosome number (2n) and fundamental number (FN), including two X chromosomes, of 64 and 92, respectively, consisting of 11 metacentric or submetacentric, two subtelocentric and 18 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a metacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus sacratus soluensis had 2n = 74 and FN = 126, consisting of 12 metacentric or submetacentric, 13 subtelocentric and 11 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a submetacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus caudatus had 2n = 60 and FN = 118, consisting of 19 metacentric or submetacentric, nine subtelocentric and one acrocentric pair of autosomes, a subtelocentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. The karyotypes of these three species are characterized by their large 2n and FN values compared with other Soricidae.     

Chromosome Morphology of the Madagascar tree Boa Sanzinia Madagascariensis

The karyotype of Sanzinia madagascariensis (2n = 34, NF = 50) was obtained from peripheral lymphocytes. A survey of chromosome morphology in the Boidae reveals that the karyotype of S. madagascariensis is unique, and not easily derivable from that of other pythons and boas. The significance of this in relation to the Zoogeographie anomaly presented by the endemic Madagascar boas Sanzinia and Acrantophis is discussed.     

屏边大围山原鸡染色体核型分析

采用直接骨髓法制备云南屏边大围山原鸡染色体,并对其进行核型研究,结果表明,屏边大围山原鸡染色体数目2n=78, 前10对为大染色体,后29对为微小染色体,性染色体为ZZ(♂)／ZW(♀)型;根据前5对染色体相对长度、臂比值及着丝点指数的测量结果,各染色体的形态为：1号、2号和Z染色体为中央着丝粒（m）染色体,3号为端着丝粒（t）染色体,4号为亚中央着丝粒（sm）染色体。     

长白山特有种单花橐吾的核型研究

以长白山特有种单花橐吾种子为材料,采用常规压片法进行核型研究。结果表明:单花橐吾染色体数为2n=2x=58,核型为2A,核不对称系数为58.90%,核型公式为2n=2x=58=44m+14sm,从染色体相对长度组成来看,2n=58=32M_2+26M_1,依据核型进化趋势是由A→B→C的理论,单花橐吾属于较为原始的类型。     

热研11号黑籽雀稗染色体核型分析

试验采用了染色体压片法研究了热研11号黑籽雀稗Paspalum atratum cv.‘Reyan11’的染色体数目和核型。结果表明:热研11号黑籽雀稗的染色体数目2n=40,核型公式为2n=2x=40=32m+4sm+2st+2M。核型分类为"2A"型,比较对称。研究确定了热研11号黑籽雀稗染色体的数目,并分析了其核型,这为热研11号黑籽雀稗的起源演化及分子生物学提供了细胞学研究基础。     

家猪13/17罗伯逊易位染色体遗传规律的研究

本研究采用微量全血培养法对１３／１７ 染色体易位猪的５ 种交配组合所产３４２ 头后代的染色体组型进行了分析。结果表明,家猪１３／１７ 罗伯逊易位染色体的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,且具有稳定的遗传性。１３／１７ 易位纯合子互交后代仍然为１３／１７ 易位纯合子;１３／１７ 易位杂合子互交后代出现１３／１７ 易位纯合子（２ｎ ＝ ３６） ,１３／１７ 易位杂合子（２ｎ ＝ ３７） 和正常核型家猪（２ｎ ＝ ３８） 三种核型,经卡方检验符合１ ２ １ 的理论比值。本文还讨论了家猪和野猪的染色体进化,１３／１７ 罗伯逊易位染色体的应用。     

波斯菊核型分析

采用常规压片制片法,对波斯菊(Cosmos bipinnatus)进行了染色体数目观察及核型分析,旨在为波斯菊种质鉴定、起源分析、物种演替、良种培育提供必要的细胞学依据。试验结果表明,波斯菊染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式2n=2x=24=18m(1sat)+6sm(1sat)。波斯菊染色体相对长度的平均值为6.20%～9.06%,最长和最短的染色体比值为1.47,臂比大于2∶1 的染色体占染色体总数的16.7%,属于“2A”型;不对称系数为43.25%,对称程度较高,为较对称类型。     

A centric fission and heterochromatin polymorphism in Equus asinus Spanish breeds

In this work a chromosomal study in Equus asinus is presented. Forty‐two specimens, belonging to five different Spanish breeds in risk of disappearing, have been analysed. Metaphases have been sequentially stained (uniform, G‐banded and C‐banded) and analysed. All specimens, except one, presented 2n = 62 chromosomes. Variation in chromosome number (2n = 63) is because of a fission in one chromosome of pair no. 3, resulting in two acrocentric chromosomes. Polymorphisms affecting the size of heterochromatic C+ bands and the presence of hetrochromatic 1p and 4p arms are also analysed. The results show no polymorphisms which can be attributed to a particular breed. From the chromosomal point of view, all Spanish asinine specimens correspond to a single population. Rearrangements detected suggest a fission tendency in the homologous E. asinus no. 3 chromosome in Equidae species.     

新疆产捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）染色体的研究

采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对分布在新疆哈巴河地区捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）种群的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明,捷蜥蜴的二倍体染色体数为38条,性别决定机制为ZW型,存在异型的性染色体,其中,雄性性染色体为ZZ型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZZ;雌性性染色体为ZW型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZW。捷蜥蜴的染色体除第18对和w染色体呈点状外,其余全部为端着丝点染色体。按照染色体的相对长度将18对常染色体分成3组,第1组包括第1、2、3对染色体（相对长度〉7．5％）,第2组包括第4—17对染色体和性染色体（7．5％〉相对长度〉2．0％）,第3组只有第18对染色体（相对长度〈2．O％）。除Z和w性染色体不同外,其余染色体的大小和类型均无两性差异。从组型特征来看,为蜥蜴目较原始的类型。