小盐芥 TsPIP1;1 与 TsTIP1;1 基因增强转基因水稻耐盐性

【目的】为更好地了解植物水通道蛋白盐胁迫下的调节作用,对小盐芥质膜内在蛋白TsPIP1;1及液泡膜内在蛋白TsTIP1;1在转基因水稻中的盐胁迫生理响应机制进行探究,旨在为水通道蛋白在耐盐作物分子改良育种中的应用提供理论支撑。【方法】以野生型 (WT) 与 T3 代转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻为材料,进行了水培试验,并设置了 0、100、200 mmol/L NaCl 处理。处理一周后,分别测定水稻的光合参数、株高、生物量、相对含水量、失水率及钾、钠含量。【结果】在盐胁迫处理下,与野生型相比,转基因水稻的生物量和含水量明显增加,渗透势和失水率显著降低。转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻根部及地上部的 Na+ 含量都显著降低,K+ 在转基因株系中的累积显著高于野生型,降低了体内 Na+/K+ 比,并且能够保持更强的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率。在 200 mmol/L NaCl 处理下,与野生型相比,TsTIP-5、TsTIP-7 及 TsPIP-19 的株高分别高出 8.2%、11.6%、4.9%;单株干重分别高出 17.9%、23.9%、16.9%;地上部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 24.3%、24.4%、24.8%;根部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 29.6%、27.5%、32.4%;渗透势分别显著降低了 18.3%、19.4%、30.3%;相对含水量分别增加了 5.8%、5.5%、5.4%;净光合速率分别增加了50.4%、 78.5%、56.2%。【结论】TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 增强了转基因水稻的光合呼吸作用,通过降低植物体内 Na+/K+ 比,参与植物细胞的渗透调节,提高了细胞持水能力,促进转基因水稻的生长发育,增强了水稻的耐盐性。     

小麦1Ax1和1Ax2*近等基因系性状差异的研究

以小麦转HMW-GS1Dx5+1Dy10基因获得的1Ax1和1Ax2*近等基因系08K860(HWM-GS组成为1,7+9,5+10)和08K871(HWM-GS亚基组成为2*,7+9,5+10)为材料,研究了近等基因系籽粒品质、粉质仪参数、拉伸仪参数和色度仪参数等方面的差异。研究结果表明,近等基因系08K860和08K871的上述性状差异很小,经统计分析差异未达显著水平。近等基因系08K860和08K871遗传背景相近,1Ax1和1Ax2*亚基对品质的贡献率相同。在小麦品质育种上应同样重视具有1Ax1亚基后代的选择。     

Identification of Wheat Lines Possessing the 1AL.1RS or 1BL.1RS Wheat-Rye Translocation by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Wheat-rye chromosomal translocations, particularly those involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R, have been used during the past 25 years to instill resistance to plant pathogens and insects and improve the hardiness, adaptation, and yield of wheat. Unfortunately, the presence of the 1AL.1RS or 1BL.1RS rye translocations in wheat has been shown to impart inferior dough handling and baking characteristics. Although numerous analytical techniques (e.g., HPLC, monoclonal antibody tests, high-performance capillary electrophoresis) have been developed for detecting these translocations, the complexity of the analytical procedures restricts their use to research and analytical laboratories. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy, a well-accepted technique in the grain industry, for detecting 1RS-containing genotypes. This research used three independent groups of wheat samples, ranging in genetic diversity from sister lines derived from 1RS breeding populations to commercial cultivars. Based on the diffuse reflectance spectra (1,100–2,500 nm) of flour, partial least squares (PLS) models, through cross-validation, exhibited misclassification rates as low as 0%, particularly for commercial cultivars. Misclassification rates for corresponding, but separate, test sets were as low as 1%. When the same modeling procedure was applied to samples of more closely related genetic backgrounds, cross-validation misclassification rates rose to 15–20%. Most problematic were samples that were heterogeneous for 1RS such as the cultivar Rawhide. Incorporating heterogeneous samples into a calibration equation improved the classification accuracy of these samples but diminished the prediction accuracy of nonheterogeneous samples.     

N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1), the initial reaction product of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose

Incubation of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) in addition to the previously reported N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1). N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) is the first stable product formed after the Amadori rearrangement of the Schiff base formed by the reaction of the primary amine of fumonisin B(1) and the aldehyde group of D-glucose. N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) was synthesized by reacting fumonisin B(1) with an excess of D-glucose in methanol and heating for 6 h at 64 degrees C. It was purified using C(18) and strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, N,N-dimethylformamide was found to be a better reaction solvent, requiring reaction for only 2-3 h at 64 degrees C and eliminating the formation of methyl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) gave a mixture of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) and hydrolyzed N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1).     

电子束辐照草莓保鲜效果研究

采用电子加速器辐照草莓,并测定辐照对草莓微生物含量、腐烂指数、失重率及相关生物指标的影响.试验表明1.0、2.0、3.0kGy剂量的电子加速器辐照能减少草莓的微生物量,延缓草莓腐烂的速度,为草莓的保存提供良好的初始状态,其中2.0、3.0kGy的辐照能延长草莓保质期2～3d.辐照后草莓的可溶性固形物、Vc和总酸含量比对...     

2︰1和1︰1型黏土矿物胶体凝聚中Hofmeister效应的比较研究

土壤胶体是土壤具备肥力与生态功能的物质基础,土壤胶体凝聚与分散影响着土壤中一系列微观过程和宏观现象。采用动态光散射技术比较研究三种碱金属阳离子(Li+、Na+、K+)引发不同类型黏土矿物(2︰1型蒙脱石和1︰1型高岭石)胶体凝聚中的Hofmeister效应。研究发现,Li+、Na+、K+作用下蒙脱石、高岭石胶体的凝聚速率、临界聚沉浓度及活化能都存在明显差异,表现出强烈的Hofmeister效应。当电解质浓度为20 mmol·L–1时,K+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚的速率为66.61 nm·min–1,远高于Na+、Li+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚速率(5.93、4.41 nm·min–1);而与之对应的临界聚沉浓度则呈现K+(蒙脱石21.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石34.6 mmol·L–1)低于Na+(蒙脱石57.6 mmol·L–1、高岭石85.8 mmol·L–1)低于Li+(蒙脱石81.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石113.9 mmol·L–1)规律,胶体凝聚中活化能可合理解释此现象。电解质浓度为25 mmol·L–1时,Li+、Na+、K+引发蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚的活化能分别为1.97 kT、1.43 kT、0 kT和2.94 kT、1.71 kT、0.49 kT,说明蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚过程中Hofmeister效应序列均为Li+相似文献   

牛糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子1基因(G1yCAM1)的遗传多态性分析

以中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛为研究材料.利用CRS-PCR、PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术检测了糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子l基因(GlyCAMl)的遗传多态性.结果表明,在牛ClyCAMl基因外显子3的第2081(A/C)和内含子3的2417(C/T)位点存在突变.两位点在3个牛群中的等位基因频率A/B分别为0.7525/0.2475、O.6112/0.3888和0.3375/0.6625;0.9046/0.0954、O.8383/0.1617和0.7875/0.2125;经х2适合性检验,3个牛群在内含子3的突变达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),在外显子3鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),中国荷斯坦牛的突变在此位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P相似文献   

小金海棠Fe(Ⅱ)转运蛋白基因在拟南芥突变体中的功能分析

铁是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素,在植物体的生理代谢过程中发挥着极为重要的作用(Thoiron etal.,1997)。苹果是重要的经济作物,缺铁黄化现象较为普遍,严重影响了     

小金海棠Fe（II）转运蛋白基因在拟南芥突变体中的功能互补研究

MxIrt1基因是从小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）中克隆得到的Fe（II）转运蛋白基因，具有“ZIP基因家族”的保守功能域，推测该基因与苹果中铁的转运吸收有关。本研究构建MxIrt1基因的植物表达载体pCWIrt，通过农杆菌介导转化拟南芥IRT1突变体irt1-1。GUS染色以及Southern杂交检测结果显示，MxIrt1基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中。在缺铁胁迫条件下，转基因植株提高了突变体irt1-1的耐缺铁能力，表明MxIrt1基因参与了铁的吸收。     

Inhibition of extrahepatic human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1 by metabolism of isoflavones found in Trifolium pratense (red clover)

Biochanin A and formononetin are the predominant isoflavones in red clover. In a previous study (J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 4783-4790), it was demonstrated that human liver microsomes converted biochanin A and formononetin to genistein and daidzein. This paper now shows CYP1B1-catalyzed O-demethylation of biochanin A and formononetin to produce genistein and daidzein, respectively, which inhibit CYP1B1. Recombinant human CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 was incubated with biochanin A or formononetin. CYP1A1 catalyzed isoflavone 4'-O-demethylation and hydroxylations with similar efficiency, whereas CYP1B1 favored 4'-O-demethylation over hydroxylations. Three of the biochanin A metabolites (5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone) were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Daidzein (Ki = 3.7 microM) exhibited competitive inhibition of CYP1B1 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, and genistein (Ki = 1.9 microM) exhibited mixed inhibition. Biochanin A and/or formononetin may exert anticarcinogenic effects directly by acting as competitive substrates for CYP1B1 or indirectly through their metabolites daidzein and genistein, which inhibit CYP1B1.     

添加稻壳基陶瓷颗粒改善液体石蜡润滑特性

为了实现稻壳资源的综合利用,变废为宝,以稻壳和酚醛树脂为原料,高温碳化制备出稻壳基陶瓷颗粒(rice husk ceramic,RHC),将其作为润滑油功能添加剂,可缓解稻壳焚烧和储存给环境带来的危害。在四球机上探究不同温度(25、75和100℃)和司盘-80分散剂存在条件下,不同添加量(质量分数为0.01%、0.03%和0.05%)的RHC颗粒对液体石蜡(liquid paraffin,LP)润滑特性的影响,进而研究RHC颗粒的摩擦学行为。结果表明,25和75℃下,RHC颗粒在一定程度上改善了液体石蜡润滑性能,主要表现在钢球表面磨斑直径的降低,抗磨性增强,但并未明显降低摩擦系数;100℃下,RHC颗粒可明显改善液体石蜡的润滑特性,添加量为0.01%、0.03%和0.05%的油样与纯液体石蜡相比,平均摩擦系数从0.139(LP)分别降低到0.083、0.064和0.069;平均磨斑直径从0.389 mm(LP)分别降到0.314、0.311和0.318 mm。高温下摩擦诱导RHC颗粒组分参与边界润滑膜形成,起到抗磨减摩的功效。RHC颗粒可作为潜在的高温润滑油摩擦改进剂。     

Event-specific qualitative and quantitative PCR detection methods for transgenic rapeseed hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2

Except for the events RT73, MS8, RF3, and T45, event-specific detection methods for most commercialized genetically modified (GM) rapeseed varieties have not been established, and as a result, the enforcement of genetically modified organism labeling policies has been hindered. The genetically modified rapeseeds, MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2, are 2 of 11 approved GM-rapeseed varieties for commercialization. In this study, the right border junction fragments between the gene construct and the rapeseed genome of events RF1, RF2, and MS1 were isolated using the commercially available GenomeWalker technology. Homology analysis indicated that the gene construct of RF1 integrated upstream of the nuclease gene, and that of the RF2 and MS1 inserted into the exon region of a gene encoding for an unknown protein. The event-specific primer pairs and corresponding probes were designed on the basis of the revealed right border junction fragments. Then, we successfully developed the identification and quantification methods for the gene-stacked hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2 using those primers and probes. The relative limit of detection in the qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 0.013% for the RF2 and MS1 assays using 100 ng of rapeseed DNA per reaction and 0.13% for the RF1 assay. The absolute limit of detection in the quantitative PCR was approximately one to two initial copies for each of the three event-specific assays. The evaluation of the real-time PCR assays revealed that the qualitative and quantitative methods developed by focusing on the gene-stacked hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2 were highly specific, sensitive, and suitable for samples with a low quantity of DNA.     

基于HJ-1A/1B CCD数据的干旱监测

HJ-1A/1B是中国以防灾减灾和环境监测为直接应用目标的小卫星星座,为探讨HJ-1A/1B CCD数据在快速监测西南喀斯特地区旱情变化的应用潜力,以2010年遭受严重旱灾的贵州安顺地区为研究区,基于多时相的?HJ-1A/1B?CCD数据,利用垂直干旱指数、改进的垂直干旱指数和归一化植被指数对研究区的干旱情况和植被长势进行时间序列的监测与分析,并研究了监测模型在干旱监测中的适宜性、差异性及影响因素。结果表明,利用HJ-1A/1B CCD数据、垂直干旱指数和改进的垂直干旱指数,可以实现对旱情变化的快速监测;改进的垂直干旱指数对干旱变化的响应比垂直干旱指数敏感,且在植被覆盖较好地区的监测效果比垂直干旱指数更为有效;降水是影响监测效果的重要因素,降水对改进的垂直干旱指数的影响比垂直干旱指数大;结合干旱监测指数（MPDI,PDI）与植被指数NDVI的时间序列分析,可以更为准确地监测研究区实际旱情变化和植被长势情况。该研究对推广HJ-1A/1B数据在西南喀斯特地区的作物长势和旱情监测中的应用,以及提高中国应对突发灾害的决策能力具有重要意义。     

gBTN1A1基因的筛选、克隆及序列分析

利用抑制消减杂交技术研究西农萨能羊泌乳中期和末期的乳腺组织差异表达基因，构建消减文库，得到山羊嗜乳脂蛋白的部分序列，根据牛和绵羊基因组序列进行电子拼接，设计引物，得到山羊嗜乳脂蛋白的CDs区全序列，应用RT-PCR技术从山羊乳腺组织总RNA中扩增克隆了山羊嗜乳脂蛋白基因CDs区，命名为gBTN1A1,并登录Genbank（EF102891）。gBTN1A1全基因由7个外显子和6个内含子组成，开放读码框由1581个碱基,编码526个氨基酸，gBTN1A1基因核苷酸序列与牛、人和鼠的同源性为97%, 88%, 84%，蛋白质序列的同源性为96%, 84% and 70%。其二级结构、跨膜区域及信号肽分析与牛、人和鼠相似，所以推测gBTN1A1与乳脂肪球的分泌密切相关，根据其在泌乳期表达丰度的差异推测其可能影响山羊产奶量。     

Studies of waste tea garden soils (Part 1)1)

I. Introduction

In Uji district, Kyoto Pref., the most famous place of tea production in Japan, tea gardens, particularly the refined tea (Gyokuro and Matsucha) gardens, have been producing very low yields. Their features are poor, dotted with withered plants. Such tea gardens are named the waste tea gardens. ōsugi²⁾ and Yoshie³⁾ had made research on these phenomena since 1930 and ascribed them to some defects of soil properties.     

Determination of aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs

Procedures from 2 methods, one for aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs and one for aflatoxicol in milk, blood, and liver, have been combined to determine the 3 toxins in eggs. The sample is blended with sodium chloride-saturated water and this mixture is then blended with acetone. After separation from the solid residue, the aqueous acetone extract is defatted with petroleum ether. The toxins are next partitioned into chloroform and separated from interferences on a silica gel column. Aflatoxicol is determined by fluorescence measurement after separation on a C18 reverse phase liquid chromatographic column, and aflatoxins B1 and M1 are determined by fluorescence densitometry after separation on a silica gel thin layer chromatographic plate. In a recovery study with eggs, mean recoveries of aflatoxicol added at levels of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 ng/g were 87, 77, and 78%, respectively. Mean recoveries of aflatoxins B1 and M1 added at a level of 0.1 ng/g were 75 and 87%, respectively, and at an added level of 0.05 ng/g were 86 and 75%. The within-laboratory precision (repeatability) ranged from 2 to 13%.     

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-dependent biosynthesis of ethylene in soils of different texture

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is an established intermediate in methionine-derived ethylene (C₂H₄) biosynthesis in plants. This study reports concentration-dependent ACC-derived C₂H₄ biosynthesis in two differently textured soils (silt clay loam and fine loam). The gas chromatographic analysis showed that addition of up to 10 mmol l⁻¹ ACC significantly stimulated C₂H₄ biosynthesis in both soils while no C₂H₄ was detected in sterilized soils amended with a sterilized ACC solution. Kinetic analysis revealed that the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE)-mediated reaction was more linear in the silt clay loam (R²=0.992) than in the fine loam soil (R²=0.668) when reaction velocity (V) was plotted against substrate concentration [S] that ranged from 2.5 to 10 mmol l⁻¹. Within this range of [S], a first-order reaction was observed. Amendment of soils either with glucose (C source) or NH₄NO₃ (N source) strongly inhibited ACC-dependent C₂H₄ production. Maximum C₂H₄ production in both soils was recorded at a substrate concentration of 10 mmol l⁻¹ when reaction mixture was maintained at a pH of 7.0 and incubated for a period of 120 h at 35 °C while shaking. Among the nine trace elements tested, seven showed a positive effect on ACC-dependent biosynthesis of C₂H₄ in both soils, while Fe(III) and Ag(I) inhibited the biotransformation of ACC into C₂H₄. However, three of the five tested electron complexes, added at 1.0 mmol l⁻¹, had inhibitory effects on ACC-derived C₂H₄ biosynthesis while mannitol and hydroquinone stimulated C₂H₄ production in both soils. The addition of antibiotics (1.0 mmol l⁻¹) to ACC-amended soils significantly reduced C₂H₄ production in both soils. Overall, C₂H₄ production from ACC was greater in the silt clay loam soil than in the fine loam soil. Knowledge of the factors affecting C₂H₄ biosynthesis in soil could be of great significance since even very low concentrations (ppb) of C₂H₄ in the root environment are known to affect plant growth dramatically.     

MICROAGGREGATES IN SOILS1

Studies of the dispersion of compound soil particles by sonic vibration and cation-exchange resin techniques indicate that the difficultly dispersible particles in mineral soils of high base status are microaggregates (< 250μ diam) consisting largely of clay and humified organic material linked by polyvalent metals. The inter-particle bonds in these microaggregates can be disrupted by application of mechanical energy (sonic vibration or prolonged shaking with water), the amount of energy required for dispersion of clay-size mineral material being reduced by treatments that weaken or destroy these bonds (e.g. treatments leading to replacement of polyvalent metals by monovalent metals or to destruction of organic matter). A theory is proposed depicting microaggregate formation as a solid-phase reaction involving linkage of electrically neutral clay mineral and organic matter particles by polyvalent metals on exchange sites, and microaggregate disruption by sonic vibration as a reversal of this reaction. Experiments to evaluate this theory are described.     

137Csγ射线对陆地棉花粉及其M1的辐射效应

本以浙棉９号和浙１０２花粉为材料,研究了＾１３７Ｃｓγ射线对陆地棉花粉及其Ｍ１,Ｆ１Ｍ１的辐射诱变效应。研究结果表明：１．辐射剂量与芬分活力呈高度负相关,浙棉９号和浙１０２花粉的半致死剂量分别为５．１７和４．６９Ｇｙ;２．７．５１Ｇｙ以上剂量辐射花粉后,对其ＡＭ１,Ｆ１Ｍ１的出苗,幼苗生长均有明显的抑制作用,辐射的致畸作用因品种而不同;