Seed removal by ants,birds and rodents in a woodland savanna habitat in Zimbabwe

Seed removal from bait stations was studied in miombo habitat in western Zimbabwe. Previous studies of seed predation in southern Africa have largely been conducted in desert ecosystems. However, this woodland-savanna habitat is more mesic and has relatively predictable rainfall patterns. The experiment was conducted in grassy and woody microhabitats in the hot, dry season and early wet season, and followed a year in which precipitation was 69 % of the long-term average. Birds removed the greatest quantity of seeds, followed by ants and then rodents. Previous studies in northern hemisphere mesic environments emphasize the importance of rodents and minor role of invertebrates in seed predation. Although our site appears to have more in common with southern hemisphere desert sites than with northern hemisphere mesic sites, we recognize that our results are likely to reflect a lower limit of consumption by rodents.     

桂西南喀斯特地区斑块生境中鸟类群落嵌套结构分析(英文)

桂西南喀斯特地区拥有世界上发育最典型的溶岩地貌。由于遭到破坏,原生性较强的森林都以斑块形式存在于各保护区中。在桂西南喀斯特地区内的13个自然保护区中,分别选择一块人为干扰较小、植被原生性较强且相对隔离的生境斑块,于2009年6月至2010年9月对各生境斑块中的鸟类组成进行调查。使用BINMATNEST软件分析该地区斑块生境中鸟类群落的分布格局,探求桂西南喀斯特地区斑块生境中的鸟类群落是否存在嵌套性分布,以及影响嵌套性格局形成的因素及其对鸟类群落嵌套性分布的影响。结果表明,桂西南喀斯特地区斑块生境中的鸟类群落分布符合嵌套性结构,对选择的3种斑块特征因子和4种生活特征因子使用Spearman矩阵相关性分析,只有生境专属性因子对鸟类群落的嵌套结构影响显著,结合研究地的季雨林生境特征和中性理论分析了可能的原因。对桂西南喀斯特地区的鸟类多样性保护提出了全面重视的保护策略。     

Seasonal habitat requirements of Lemon Dove (Aplopelia larvata) in coastal forest: camera-trap surveys of a reclusive species

The modification of natural habitats requires behavioural plasticity, which may be challenging for ‘specialist’ species. Quantifying habitat requirements and behavioural responses of specialists to landscape transformation is thus a priority for baseline data to inform conservation practices. Using camera-trap surveys of the forest-dependent Lemon Dove Aplopelia larvata in conjunction with detailed microhabitat-scale covariates, we assessed habitat use during two periods in the year: autumn–winter and spring–summer (which largely encompassed peak breeding). We used occupancy modelling of forest-structural covariates to produce models of the probability of occupancy and detection of Lemon Doves in patches of the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt Forest of South Africa. The average occupancy and detection probability as indicated by the top-performing models was 0.39 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.05, respectively, during autumn–winter, and 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.04, respectively, during spring–summer. Although occupancy and probability of detection remained relatively constant between seasons, there was seasonal variation in the influence of individual covariates for both measures. The overall trend of positive influences on Lemon Dove occupancy was that of complex and diverse habitat structures and high plant species richness. The specific covariates that influenced occupancy positively during spring–summer may reflect the ecological requirements for nestling provisioning for both dietary needs and an avoidance of potential disturbance. Thus, while Lemon Doves may be less habitat-specific during autumn–winter, conservation management plans for safeguarding the breeding success of the species are advised to ensure adequate protection of large forest patches with complex and diverse interior structures and minimal disturbance.     

基于MapGIS平台的阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落专家系统中推理机的研究与实现

本研究在前期研发阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落专家系统的基础上,对开垦、轮牧和过牧3种不同类型生境中啮齿动物优势种子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)、三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)和小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)相对数量与8个不同植物因子动态关系进行定量非线性分析,借助MapGI...     

The effect of depurinized milk draught diet on rat serum uric acid, lipid status and haematological parameters

Hyperuricaemia and gout are closely related, but hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for endothelial damage, autoinflammation and haemodynamic abnormalities. Milk, generally known as a 'purine-free diet', is an essential protein source for patients suffering from hyperuricaemia and gout. As milk still contains different purine ribonucleotides, the new product, depurinized milk, almost free of purine nucleotides and uric acid, was produced. The potential effect of depurinized milk diet on serum uric acid (SUA) level, lipid parameters and blood haematological parameters was explored in rats after 72 h and 15 days, in relation to standard laboratory chow or the untreated milk diet. The beneficial effect on SUA was achieved when depurinized milk draught was given instead of standard chow for 72 h [28.39 ± 4.76 μm; p < 0.001 vs. standard diet (STD) 47.6 ± 6.12, vs. untreated milk diet 31.55 ± 8.50; p < 0.05] or as a supplement for STD for 15 days experiment (35.38 ± 6.40 μm; p < 0.05 vs. STD only 48.05 ± 4.32; vs. untreated milk + STD 46.02 ± 9.48). Depurinized milk diet significantly decreased the low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratio (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and leucocyte count (p < 0.001), while both milk draughts enhanced haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01). In conclusion, considering the detrimental effect of persisting hyperuricaemia, the depurinized milk draught may meet the demand of healthy dairy product for population under hyperuricaemic risk.     

乌兰县草原鼠、虫、毒草危害现状调查

乌兰县鼠、虫及毒草灾害总面积为32.26×104hm2,害鼠主要有高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠、子午沙鼠,害虫主要有古毒蛾,毒草主要有醉马草等。每年危害的经济损失高达0.157×108元,同时,可致死沙生植物、毒害家畜,影响生态环境和畜牧业生产。     

伊朗南部Hara生物圈保护区内两种鸟类羽毛中镍含量比较(英文)

2010年11–12月,我们在伊朗南部Hara生物圈保护区调查并分析了黄喉岩鹭(Egretta gularis)和灰林银鸥(Larus heuglini)羽毛中的镍含量。根据方差分析,同一鸟种羽毛中镍含量在不同性别和年龄组之间均无显著差异,但这一结果的有效性受到本研究样本较小的影响。Student t检测结果表明灰林银鸥羽毛中镍含量高于黄喉岩鹭。雌性黄喉岩鹭羽毛中镍含量高于雄性,而雄性灰林银鸥羽毛中镍含量则高于雌性。     

玛曲县鼠害草地综合治理途径的研究

本试验设在玛曲县鼠害危害严重的高寒草甸草地上,进行毒饵灭鼠、补播和封育等防治鼠害综合试验研究。结果表明,毒饵灭鼠防治效果好,在短期能抑制鼠害发生,灭鼠 封育 补播能达到生态灭鼠的目的,可以尽快恢复植被,是治理鼠荒地的有效途径。     

灭鼠对草地物种多样性保护引发的思考

草地灭鼠是草原建设与畜牧业发展的主要措施之一。然而,由此对草地物种多样性造成的影响与危害却为人们所忽视。通过分析草地动物生态特点,探讨灭鼠对物种多样性保护造成的影响与威胁,以引起社会的关注,维护草地生态系统的完整。     

环境条件对啮齿动物种群的影响

啮齿动物的种群调节理论一直是业内研究者争论的重点,在自然界中,种群数量变动的影响因素以及它们的相互作用极为复杂,越来越多的研究认为外在因素对种群变化起到关键作用。在查阅大量文献的基础上,对小型啮齿动物种群数量造成波动的外在因素进行了综述,概述了食物、降雨、降雪以及温度对不同种类啮齿动物种群的影响。     

穴居鼠通讯方式及通讯功能研究进展

通讯是当今动物生态学研究的热点之一,而穴居鼠特殊的生活环境导致其通讯方式与其他小哺乳动物有很大区别。本文着重就穴居鼠的3种通讯方式--声讯、震动和化学通讯及3种通讯的功能进行了概述。声音通讯是其通过发声器官产生声音进行信息传递,由于穴居鼠的听力被严格限制在低频范围,因此其发声能量主要集中在低频域,声音包含信息较多,如领域标记、竞争、求爱和性交等,特别对独居物种而言在繁殖期有重要作用;震动通讯是穴居鼠特定的躯体部位敲击洞壁产生震动进行信息传递,主要功能为非繁殖期护域和繁殖期的求偶信息;化学通讯借助化学信息素进行信息传递,该通讯方式有诸多优点,能绕过障碍物、能耗低,不需近距离接触,传播距离较远且持续时间较长,在性别和繁殖状况等信息传递中起主要作用。