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1.
全球气候变化以及人口增长加剧了农业生产中各种生物(如病原菌)和非生物(如干旱、盐渍、高温等)胁迫,并通过影响植物形态、生理生化特征和代谢功能等阻碍植物的生长、发育和生产力提升,最终影响农作物的产量和品质并严重威胁着农业的可持续发展。随着现代农业的大力发展,有益微生物因其能够改良土壤质量、提高土壤肥力、提升农作物抗胁迫性能和增产提质的功效显著而备受关注。简要概述了植物促生菌(Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria,PGPB)的种类和施用效应,重点剖析了PGPB产生植物生长激素、固氮作用、加强对营养物质的吸收利用(溶磷、解钾和合成铁载体)、缓解生物和非生物胁迫以及调节植物根系构型和根际微生物群落结构等促生和抗胁迫机制,系统梳理了近年来运用于现代农业中的PGPB菌剂制备和施用方式的前沿科学技术,并进一步讨论了PGPB在未来农业生产中的应用前景以及研究方向。 相似文献
2.
土传病原细菌严重威胁土壤-植物系统健康和农业可持续发展。在接触和入侵寄主植物根系之前,病原细菌会经受土壤pH、含氧量、营养物质种类和数量等非生物因素骤变以及其他土壤微生物的竞争、寄生和捕食等生物胁迫。病原细菌的生物膜形成、代谢、运动、毒力、DNA修复以及对噬菌体、抗生素或环境压力的抵抗能力等特性对其在土壤环境中生存和侵染寄主非常重要。为适应复杂且多变的土壤生物和非生物环境,病原细菌必须动态权衡其生存和致病力之间的关系,维持其生存、传播、增殖和侵染致病间的平衡,以最大化其在土壤环境中的适应性。系统理解土传病原细菌应对胁迫和侵染寄主植物的过程及权衡机制是建立精准、高效生态防控手段的关键。为此,以土传病原细菌为代表,总结了土传病原细菌生存与致病的权衡规律和典型现象及土壤中的生物和非生物影响因素,阐述了土传病原细菌入侵植物根际过程中的生存与致病权衡机制,并提出一些与土传病原细菌生存与致病权衡相关的科学问题,呼吁建立基于生存-致病权衡理论的土传病害生态防控策略,为绿色农业可持续发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
3.
土传病原细菌的生存与致病权衡 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土传病原细菌严重威胁土壤-植物系统健康和农业可持续发展。在接触和入侵寄主植物根系之前,病原细菌会经受土壤pH、含氧量、营养物质种类和数量等非生物因素骤变以及其他土壤微生物的竞争、寄生和捕食等生物胁迫。病原细菌的生物膜形成、代谢、运动、毒力、DNA修复以及对噬菌体、抗生素或环境压力的抵抗能力等特性对其在土壤环境中生存和侵染寄主非常重要。为适应复杂且多变的土壤生物和非生物环境,病原细菌必须动态权衡其生存和致病力之间的关系,维持其生存、传播、增殖和侵染致病间的平衡,以最大化其在土壤环境中的适应性。系统理解土传病原细菌应对胁迫和侵染寄主植物的过程及权衡机制是建立精准、高效生态防控手段的关键。为此,以土传病原细菌为代表,总结了土传病原细菌生存与致病的权衡规律和典型现象及土壤中的生物和非生物影响因素,阐述了土传病原细菌入侵植物根际过程中的生存与致病权衡机制,并提出一些与土传病原细菌生存与致病权衡相关的科学问题,呼吁建立基于生存-致病权衡理论的土传病害生态防控策略,为绿色农业可持续发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
4.
Protists are essential components of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. They play a vital role in the microbial food web as consumers of bacteria, fungi, and other small eukaryotes and are also involved in maintaining soil fertility and plant productivity. Protists also contribute to regulating and shaping the bacterial community in terrestrial ecosystems via specific prey spectra. They play a role in plant growth promotion and plant health improvement,mostly via nutrient cycling, grazing, and the activation of bacterial genes required for plant growth and phytopathogen suppression. Thus, protists may prove to be a useful inoculant as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent. They can also be applied as model organisms as bioindicators of soil health. Despite their usefulness and essentiality, they are often forgotten and under-researched components of the soil microbiome, as most of our research focuses on bacteria and fungi. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of protists in plant productivity and plant health management and in shifts in soil bacterial community composition, as well as their roles as bioindicator. We also discuss the perspectives of knowledge gaps and future prospects to further improve soil biology.More research in soil protistology will provide insights into sustainable agriculture and environmental health alongside the study of bacteria and fungi. 相似文献
5.
Modern agriculture largely relies on the extensive application of agrochemicals, including inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Indiscriminate, long-term and over-application of pesticides have severe effects on soil ecology that may lead to alterations in or the erosion of beneficial or plant probiotic soil microflora. Weathered soils lose their ability to sustain enhanced production of crops/grains on the same land. However, burgeoning concern about environmental pollution and the sustainable use of cropping land have emphasized inculcation of awareness and the wider application of tools, techniques and products that do not pollute the environment at all or have only meager ecological concerns. This review covers the types of, concerns about and current issues regarding the extensive application of agrochemicals, in particular pesticides, on a variety of microorganisms integrated in successive food chains in the soil food web. 相似文献
6.
Alfred Botha 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):1-8
This review focuses on literature pertaining to the interactions of soil yeasts with biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Soil yeasts not only affect microbial and plant growth, but may also play a role in soil aggregate formation and maintenance of soil structure. Serving as a nutrient source for bacterial, faunal and protistan predators, soil yeasts contribute to essential ecological processes such as the mineralization of organic material and dissipation of carbon and energy through the soil ecosystem. Some soil yeasts may also play a role in both the nitrogen and sulphur cycles and have the ability to solubilize insoluble phosphates making it more readily available for plants. Recently, the potential of soil yeasts as plant growth promoters and soil conditioners has been studied with the goal of using them in the field of sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
7.
Antonio Riglietti Pacifico Ruggiero Carmine Crecchio 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(12):2928-2936
Serine protease inhibitors (PIs) are involved in several physiological processes, such as regulation of endogenous proteinases and defence against phytophageous insects. Transgenic modifications have enhanced protease inhibitor expression to develop insect resistant cultivars in several important crops. The fate of protease inhibitors released from genetically engineered plants is an important issue because of possible inhibition of soil proteases and effects of the insecticidal protein and its codifying sequence on soil microorganisms. The persistence of transgenic sequence mustard trypsin inhibitor-2 in soil and its hypothetical acquisition by soil microorganisms by horizontal gene transfer and the effect of transgenic plant material on soil microbial community structure and soil protease activity were investigated. With the aim to simulate the effects of plant litter on soil microorganisms, a microcosm experimental model was used. Despite the persistence of transgenic DNA sequences, no recombination event was detected between plant DNA and soil bacteria; molecular analysis of bacterial community also showed no significant influence on the dominant members of the bacterial community and soil protease activity was not inhibited by the release of constitutively over-expressed protease inhibitor. 相似文献
8.
Mustafa Y. Canbolat Kenan Barik Ramazan Çakmakçi Fikrettin şahin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):324-332
Abstract Biofertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilizers for increasing soil productivity and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible effects of three mineral fertilizers and four plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains as biofertilizer on soil properties and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) at three different soil bulk densities, and in three harvest periods. The application treatments included the control (without bacteria inoculation and mineral fertilizers), mineral fertilizers (N, NP and P) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria species (Bacillus licheniformis RC04, Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05, Pseudomonas putida RC06, and Bacillus OSU-142) in sterilized soil. The PGPR, fungi, seedling growth, soil pH, organic matter content, available P and mineral nitrogen were determined in soil compacted artificially to three bulk density levels (1.1, 1.25 and 1.40 Mg m?3) at 15, 30, and 45 days of plant harvest. The results showed that all the inoculated bacteria contributed to the amount of mineral nitrogen. Seed inoculation significantly increased the count of bacteria and fungi. Data suggest that seed inoculation of barley with PGPR strains tested increased root weight by 9–12.2%, and shoot weight by 29.7–43.3% compared with control. The N, NP and P application, however, increased root weight up to 18.2, 25.0 and 7.4% and shoot weight by 31.6, 43.4 and 26.4%, respectively. Our data show that PGPR stimulate barley growth and could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer. Soil compaction hampers the beneficial plant growth promoting properties of PGPR and should be avoided. 相似文献
9.
The term “Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria” or PGPB designates a diverse group of prokaryotic microorganisms that can increase plant growth by diverse mechanisms. Some PGPB are capable of colonizing root inner tissues and constitute endophytic populations. Incorporation of these microorganisms into agricultural practices may constitute a valid alternative to increase crop productivity in a sustainable and environmentally friendly production scheme, reducing the application of agrochemicals. In a previous work, we described the characterization of bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Klebsiella obtained from surface sterilized peanut nodules. In addition, we showed that some of these isolates were able to promote several peanut growth and symbiotic parameters. Bounded to the results from this particular study, and considering their potential ability to interact with different plant species, in this work we assessed the effects of their inoculation in maize (Zea mays L.) under controlled conditions. Furthermore, we analyzed growth promotion in a simulated peanut–maize crop rotation system. Finally, we determined the plant growth promoting (PGP) properties present in the isolates. Results indicated that all bacteria are able to significantly promote maize and peanut growth, and that they also displayed plant growth promotion activity in maize growing in a peanut–maize crop rotation sequence. 相似文献
10.
Nordine Helassa Hervé Quiquampoix Philippe Déjardin Siobhán Staunton 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(5):1089-1097
Genetically modified crops, that produce Cry insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry) from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), release these toxins into soils through root exudates and upon decomposition of residues. The fate of these toxins in soil has not yet been clearly elucidated. Persistence can be influenced by biotic (degradation by microorganisms) and abiotic factors (physicochemical interactions with soil components, especially adsorption). The aim of this study was to follow the fate of Cry1Aa Bt toxin in contrasting soils subjected to different treatments to enhance or inhibit microbial activity, in order to establish the importance of biotic and abiotic processes for the fate of Bt toxin. The toxin was efficiently extracted from each soil using an alkaline buffer containing a protein, bovine serum albumin, and a nonionic surfactant, Tween 20. The marked decline of extractable toxin after incubation of weeks to months was soil-dependent. The decrease of extractable toxin with incubation time was not related to microbial degradation but mainly to physicochemical interactions with the surfaces that may decrease immunochemical detectability or enhance protein fixation. Hydrophobic interactions may play an important role in determining the interaction of the toxin with surfaces. 相似文献
11.
《Applied soil ecology》2010,46(3):123-130
Earthworms affect plant performance and can influence plant–herbivore interactions. Both primary and secondary metabolites and the expression of stress-responsive genes of plants can be affected by earthworms. Plant-mediated effects of earthworms on aboveground herbivore performance range between positive and negative. These indirect, plant-mediated effects likely depend on the altered resource uptake of plants or changes in the soil microbial community composition in presence of earthworms. Studies on belowground interactions between earthworms and root herbivores focussed almost exclusively on root-feeding nematodes. These interactions can be either direct (e.g. ingesting of nematodes) or indirect, mediated by changes in host plant performance or biotic and abiotic soil characteristics. Earthworms were documented to counteract the negative effects of root-feeding nematodes on plants. Consistently, earthworm-worked soils (vermicompost) have been reported to reduce numbers of root-feeding nematodes and plant damage by aboveground herbivores. The results suggest context dependent impacts of earthworms on herbivore performance and an alleviation of herbivore damage of plants by earthworms, besides their well-known effects on plant growth. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the impact of earthworms on plants in natural environments, and may be applied as alternative plant protection in sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
12.
Padmavathi Tallapragada Rashmi Dikshit Swetha Seshagiri 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(17):1975-1984
Beneficial interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM Fungi) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have an important role in keeping agriculture sustainable. The present study reports the positive effects of AM fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus fasciculatum), Burkholderia seminalis and dual inoculation of these two strains on growth of Lycopersicon esculatum and Capsicum annuum plant under drought stress conditions. Each treatment was replicated six times and was arranged in a complete randomized block design. A significant increase in terms of biomass, root length, shoot length, and chlorophyll content was observed with the plants inoculated with these beneficial microorganisms. Accumulation of proline was found to be less in AM fungi inoculated plants suggesting the role of it in mitigating the water stress. A positive correlation between % colonization and chlorophyll content, root length, catalase activity, and guaiacol peroxidase has been observed depicting the importance of the AM fungi in drought tolerance. 相似文献
13.
Soil multifunctionality represents a range of soil processes driven by the interactions between soil abiotic and biotic components. As a group of ubiquitous fungi that form mutualistic symbiotic associations with a vast array of terrestrial plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may play a critical role in maintaining soil multifunctionality, but the characteristics of their contributions remain to be unraveled. This mini review aims to disentangle the contributions of AM fungi to soil multifunctionality. We provide a framework of concepts about AM fungi making crucial contributions to maintaining multiple soil functions, including primary productivity, nutrient cycling, water regulation and purification, carbon and climate regulation, habitat for biodiversity, disease and pest control, and pollutant degradation and detoxification, via a variety of pathways, particularly contributing to soil and plant health. This review contends that AM fungi, as a keystone component of soil microbiome, can govern soil multifunctionality, ultimately promoting ecosystem services. 相似文献
14.
褪黑素调控根系生长和根际互作的机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
15.
Inês Rocha Ying Ma Maria F. Carvalho Catarina Magalhães Martina Janoušková Miroslav Vosátka 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(1):31-43
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, responsible for enhancing plant nutrition, vigour and growth, may be used to reduce dosages of chemical fertilisers. Technologies that allow an economically viable and efficient application of these beneficial microbes in large scale agriculture must be studied. Seed coating is a potential delivery system for efficiently introducing minor amounts of bioinoculants. Despite the dramatic reduction on inoculum dose per plant, inoculation of AM fungi via seed coating was as effective as conventional soil inoculation. Fertilisation and inoculation had a significant impact on maize shoots nutrient concentrations. Different fertilisation regimes did not influence mycorrhizal colonisation. Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Seed coating is a promising tool for delivering microbial inoculants into the soil, while promoting sustainable production of maize. This technology is particularly pertinent in low input agriculture, with potential environmental profits and food quality improvements. 相似文献
16.
Barkha SHARMA Kailash Chand KUMAWAT Shalini TIWARI Ajay KUMAR Rouf Ahmad DAR Ummed SINGH Massimiliano CARDINALE 《土壤圈》2023,33(4):534-555
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and has numerous roles in both soils and plants, although it is inaccessible to plants in its native state (insoluble silicate minerals). This inaccessibility can lead to insufficiency, which induces anomalies in plant growth and development.Specifically, Si alleviates various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants by enhancing tolerance mechanisms at different stages of uptake/deposition as a monosilicic acid. Exclusive utiliz... 相似文献
17.
Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPB)is an environmentally sustainable option to reduce the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on plant growth and productivity.Three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase-producing drought-tolerant bacteria were isolated from a rain-fed agriculture field in the Central Himalaya of Kumaun region,Uttarakhand,India and evaluated for their efficiency in improving finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn.)plant growth under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions.These bacteria withstood a substrate metric potential of -1.0 MPa(30% polyethylene glycol 8000)and therefore were considered drought-tolerant.These strains were identified as Pseudomonas spp.by fatty acid methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The ACC deaminase activity of these strains was characterized at the biochemical level,and the presence of acd S gene,the structural gene for ACC deaminase,was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction.Two sets of pot trials in glass house were set up,one for normal(non-stressed)and the other for drought-stressed conditions.After 5 weeks,one set of plants was subjected to drought stress for 5 d,while the other set continued to be watered.The same growth parameters were recorded for both sets of plants after 40 d of plant growth.The results of pot trials showed that treatments inoculated with ACC deaminase-producing bacterial strains significantly improved the growth performance of finger millet plants and foliar nutrient content as compared to uninoculated treatments under both non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions.In addition,a significant increase in antioxidant activity was observed,wherein bacterial stain inoculation improved plant fitness by protecting it from oxidative damage induced by drought. 相似文献
18.
丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能够与大多数陆地植物互惠共生,促进植物对养分的吸收,提高植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的抗逆性,对植物健康生长有重要的作用。在土壤中丛枝菌根真菌与植物寄生性线虫共同依靠寄主植物根系完成生命循环,但二者对寄主植物作用完全相反,引起研究者广泛兴趣,成为菌根研究的热点和焦点之一。本文分析了丛植菌根真菌与植物寄生线虫的相互作用,并探讨了菌根提高植物对线虫抗性的可能机制:菌根真菌改善植物的生长和营养状况、改变植物根系形态结构、影响根系分泌物和根际微生物区系、诱导寄主植物产生防御反应等,旨在深入挖掘丛枝菌根真菌的生物学功能,进一步发挥其在农业生产中的应用潜力。 相似文献
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20.
多功能植物根际促生菌 DD3 的功能特性及对大蒜幼苗的促生效果 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3