4种除草剂防除机插单季晚稻田杂草试验

用4种除草剂防除机插单季晚稻田杂草,结果表明,10%噁唑酰草胺乳油1.2 L·hm-2处理对稗草和陌上菜防效较好,药后41 d对稗草的株防效为73.3%,鲜重防效为91.1%,对陌上菜的株防效为79.9%,鲜重防效为80.0%,对莎草、节节菜等阔叶杂草防效差。15%乙氧磺隆水分散粒剂90 g·hm-2处理对阔叶草防效较好,药后41 d对莎草的株防效为85.0%,鲜重防效为80.9%,对节节菜的株防效为100.0%,鲜重防效为100.0%,对禾本科杂草防效差。     

稻田无人植保飞机施药对主要病虫害防效试验

通过无人植保飞机施药对水稻田主要病虫害的防控效果试验,早稻田飞防处理1次,药后7 d对螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟防效分别为652%和467%,对纹枯病防效为311%,对螟虫、纹枯病的防效低于常规喷施,而对稻纵卷叶螟的防效高于常规喷施;飞防处理2次对螟虫、稻纵卷叶螟防效明显提高,分别达756%和808%,对纹枯病防效达590%,对稻纵卷叶螟防效仍优于常规喷施,但对螟虫、纹枯病防效要低于常规喷施。单季稻田飞防处理药后7 d,对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟防效分别为987%和795%,对纹枯病防效为569%,对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟的防效高于常规喷施,而对纹枯病的防效明显低于常规喷施;飞防处理药后15 d,对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别为673%和769%,对纹枯病防效为674%,对稻纵卷叶螟防效接近常规喷施,但对稻飞虱、纹枯病的防效要低于常规喷施。     

直播稻田杂草防除试验

直播稻田杂草防除试验结果表明,各处理药剂对直播田杂草均有较好的防除效果,50%惠除一号可湿性粉剂对阔叶草的防效为93.48%,对于禾本科草的防效为92.31%,对莎草的防效为97.44%;42%丁.恶乳油防治较好,对阔叶草、禾本科杂草、莎草的防效在93%以上;35%丙.苄可湿性粉剂对阔叶草、莎草防效较好,在95%以上,对禾本科草防效较低,为84.62%;36%广灭灵乳油对禾本科草防效较好,为98.90%,对阔叶草防效不理想,仅为24.41%。     

5种除草剂防除麦田葎草等杂草效果试验

每公顷麦田使用Mustang有效成分 1 84 0 0～ 2 30 0 0 g对草的防效为 92 33 %～ 94 2 1 % ,对草株高的抑制率为 75 51 %～ 90 32 % ;对牛繁缕的防效为 93 58%～ 97 74% ;对猪殃殃的防效为87 0 0 %以上 ;对婆婆纳防效低。麦喜对草的防效为 84 48%～ 86 76 % ,对牛繁缕的防效为 98 0 0 %左右。而巨星对牛繁缕的防效为 92 0 0 %左右。快灭灵、好事达和麦喜对猪殃殃的防效均达 90 0 0 %以上。     

5种药剂对胡麻白粉病的防效

对比试验了5种药剂对榆中县胡麻白粉病的防效,结果表明,5种药剂均有显著的防效,10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂防治效果最优,防效达到79.6%,20%硫磺·三唑酮可湿性粉剂防效最差,防效为70.9%;增产率为13.37%~23.20%。     

不同杀菌剂防治茶园赤星病效果研究

不同药剂防治赤星病的效果研究结果表明:50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的防效为86.18%,75%百菌清可湿性粉剂的防效为71.54%,70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂的防效为66.50%,65%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的防效为59.52%;施用农药比不施农药增加收入4 963~7 705元/hm2,其中50%多菌灵防效和增效效果较好。     

10%噻吩磺隆可湿粉剂防除小麦田杂草田间药效试验

进行了10%噻吩磺隆可湿性粉剂防除小麦田杂草田间药效试验,结果表明:225g/hm2、300g/hm2各处理药后40d对麦田杂草仍有较高的防效,对猪殃殃的株防效分别为96.34%、99.39%,鲜重防效分别为93.95%、99.28%,对播娘蒿的株防效分别为93.14%、100%,鲜重防效分别为97.15%、100%,对巢菜·荠菜的株防效分别为93.73%、100%,鲜重防效分别为98.25%、100%,对总草的株防效为94.71%、99.75%,鲜重防效分别为95.78%、99.62%.     

不同药剂防治长豇豆豆荚螟试验

不同药剂防治长豇豆豆荚螟的药效比较试验结果表明,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂5 000倍液对长豇豆豆荚螟的防效最好,药后5,10,13,17和20 d,对花的防效均在75%以上,对荚的防效都在91%以上;其次是6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂1 500倍液和10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1 000倍液,两者在药后5,10,13,17和20 d,对花的防效为60%~80%,对荚的防效为60%~90%;1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 000倍液及18%杀虫双水剂180倍液防效较差,药后5,10,13,17和20 d,对花的防效为44%~59%,对荚的防效为46%~56%。     

不同杀菌剂控制小麦赤霉病的田间防效比较试验

进行了不同杀菌剂控制小麦赤霉病田间防效比较试验,结果表明:病穗率防效以处理48%氰烯·戊唑醇750 m L/hm2最高,达81.90%,位居参试药剂之首;70%甲基硫菌灵1 500 g/hm2处理的防效为66.74%,50%咪鲜胺锰盐750 g/hm2处理的防效为64.36%,2个处理防效接近;50%多菌灵1 500 g/hm2处理的防效仅46.71%,防效差于以上参试药剂。     

不同杀虫剂对温室白粉虱的防治效果

采用茎叶喷雾法,测试了几种杀虫剂对温室白粉虱的防效。结果表明:不同药剂间的防效存在显著差异;25%阿克泰和10%吡虫啉对温室白粉虱的防效较好,且持效期均在10 d以上。药后3 d,除了1%苦皮素防效相对较低外,其余药剂处理的防效均在85%以上,25%阿克泰的防效最高为93.69%;药后7和10 d,各药剂的防效均有所下降,但25%阿克泰的防效下降幅度较低,从90.04%降为88.92%,10%吡虫啉的防效在80%以上,仅次于25%阿克泰。     

穴盘规格和苗龄对塑料大棚菜豆性状及产量的影响

本试验以菜豆品种先行者为试材,采用32孔、50孔两种规格穴盘,设置10、15、20、25 d等4个苗龄段,通过研究不同穴盘规格和苗龄对菜豆性状及产量的影响,筛选出适合菜豆育苗的穴盘规格和适宜的苗龄。结果表明：穴盘育苗的营养面积增大,菜豆产量随之增加,25 d苗龄条件下,32孔穴盘的前期产量和总产量均显著高于50孔穴盘;随着苗龄的增长,菜豆的前期产量和总产量呈增加趋势,其中25 d苗龄的产量显著高于其他苗龄。综合上述各项指标,菜豆育苗阶段,10 d苗龄可选用32孔、50孔穴盘,15 d以上秧苗选用32孔穴盘为宜。     

不同基因型小麦苗期耐低氮性评价及筛选

氮素作为重要的营养元素,限制着小麦的生长发育和经济产量,筛选和培育耐低氮小麦品种是提高氮素利用率、降低生产成本的有效途径。以118份不同基因型小麦为材料,在低氮(0.1 mmol·L^-1)和正常氮(5 mmol·L^-1)条件下苗期水培,测定根干重、茎叶干重、根冠比、植株干重、最大根长、初生根数和二级初生根数等相关指标,采用模糊隶属函数法、主成分分析以及聚类分析法综合评价小麦品种的耐低氮性。结果表明,在低氮胁迫下小麦幼苗的根干重、根冠比和初生根数目显著提高,茎叶干重、植株干重和最大根长不同程度的降低,7个苗期性状指标在两个氮水平下均存在显著性差异。主成分分析提取3个主成分,贡献率分别为 43.575%、22.904%和17.873%,累积贡献率达 84.351%。以耐低氮性综合评价D值进行聚类分析,将118份小麦品种划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出3份耐低氮型小麦（齐大195、金丰7183和天民198）和2份强耐低氮型小麦（山农0917和鲁麦8号）。不同小麦品种的耐低氮机制不同,研究结果为小麦耐低氮品种的选育提供理论依据和材料基础。     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

一串红N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺素症状研究

以‘展望红’为材料,研究N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺乏对其生长发育的影响,并总结缺素症状,研究结果表明:N缺乏时植株矮小,叶发黄;P缺乏时叶色暗绿,且影响开花;K缺乏时基部叶枯黄,并易落叶;缺Fe症状较为明显,但能正常开花;Ca、Mg未表现出缺素症状,且各项指标要优于全素处理;N、P显著影响一串红的生长发育,K对开花品质的影响较大。     

Strong, transparent, multifunctional, carbon nanotube sheets

Individual carbon nanotubes are like minute bits of string, and many trillions of these invisible strings must be assembled to make useful macroscopic articles. We demonstrated such assembly at rates above 7 meters per minute by cooperatively rotating carbon nanotubes in vertically oriented nanotube arrays (forests) and made 5-centimeter-wide, meter-long transparent sheets. These self-supporting nanotube sheets are initially formed as a highly anisotropic electronically conducting aerogel that can be densified into strong sheets that are as thin as 50 nanometers. The measured gravimetric strength of orthogonally oriented sheet arrays exceeds that of sheets of high-strength steel. These nanotube sheets have been used in laboratory demonstrations for the microwave bonding of plastics and for making transparent, highly elastomeric electrodes; planar sources of polarized broad-band radiation; conducting appliqués; and flexible organic light-emitting diodes.