秸秆与青绿饲料的营养及其科学利用（上）

一、秸秆与青绿饲料的营养特点: 1.秸秆:作物秸秆内含有可消化物质35％～50％,粗蛋白质含量2％～4％,是无粮型饲料资源中较为理想的一部分。就全国而言,每年各类秸秆产量近6亿吨,其含粗蛋白质总量约0.2亿吨,相当于2.5亿吨玉米所含蛋白质总量。但是秸秆的细胞具有厚而坚实且富含纤维素的细胞壁,直接喂单胃动物,由于消化功能局限性,很难从其坚厚的细胞壁保护下的细胞内及繁杂的纤维组织间吸收营养物质。因此,从饲用效果上考虑,无论多胃动物或是单胃动物,都有个基于秸秆的营养特点而如何科学利用之“生产工艺”问题。 2.青绿饲料:青绿饲料是处于青绿状态的饲料。我     

秸秆与青绿饲料的营养及其科学利用

据研究,致力开发利用无粮型饲料发展养殖业,既是国情需要,也具有先进技术与措施。关键在于从实际出发,根据无粮型饲料资源之不同营养特点,采取相应益于养殖业的科学利用措施。     

青绿饲料及秸秆应用新技术

开发利用无粮型饲料发展养殖业,既是国情需要,也是可行性较强的先进经验与措施.关键在于从实际出发,根据无粮型饲料资源之不同营养特点,采取益于养殖业的科学措施.……     

浅谈通化市非粮型饲料资源的开发与利用

随着牧业的发展，畜禽养殖总量不断增加，有限的耕地面积所提供的饲料粮已难以满足养殖业的需要，畜粮矛盾日益突出。因地制宜地开发非粮型饲料资源对缓解畜粮矛盾，进一步向质量效益型牧业转变具有重要的意义，也是饲料原料工业发展的必然趋势。１．林产品资源的开发与利用：通化市位于吉林省东部山区，有松针叶林２０多万公顷，年产松针叶２５－３０万吨，可开发松针叶粉饲料６－７万吨，可替代饲料粮６～７万吨。经测定，松针粉含水分５．８９％、粗蛋白质６．１４％、粗脂肪１１．４９％、粗纤维２０．７９％、钙０．４８％、磷０．０９…     

谷草的营养特点及开发利用

作为非竞争性饲料资源．农作物秸秆价格低廉，是反刍动物极好的饲料。秸秆是农作物光合作用的产物，贮存有丰富的营养物质．是宝贵的粗饲料来源。我国每年约生产6～8亿吨作物秸秆．约占世界秸秆总量的20％～30％，且种类繁多．所含粗蛋白质总量约0．2亿吨．相当于2．5亿吨玉米所含蛋白质的总量。     

天然松针饲料的开发应用

发展畜牧业开发代粮饲料资源，是解决饲料不足的一条重要途径。据介绍，全世界有松树１０属２３０种，我国有１０属１２０种，国内松林占全国森林面积１．２７亿多ｈｍ２的１．０５％～１．０６％，且遍布各地，年产嫩枝叶可达数亿ｔ。松针树木为世界上分布最广，资源最大的树种之一，国外早已开发利用其作畜禽饲料，且应用效果很好。松针饲料是指松科树木的嫩枝叶的加工产品，是一种理想的代粮饲料。１松针饲料的营养成分１．１松针含有大量粗蛋白质如干的马尾松针含粗蛋白质为９．８％，黄山松为１１．９％，落叶松为１５．２％。松针不仅…     

农作物秸秆加工成饲料的几种新技术

农作物秸秆加工成饲料的几种新技术周如太（安徽农业技术师范学院）农作物秸秆内含有３５～５０％的可消化干物质，２～４％的粗蛋白质。我国每年农作物秸秆约有５亿吨，在粮食紧缺和饲料不断涨价的情况下，充分利用丰富的秸秆作饲料资源，对畜牧业的发展具有十分重要的意...     

青海省秸秆资源开发利用研究

通过大样本试验，测算了青海省主要农作物的秸秆系并计算出青海省秸秆总量为１８６．５５４１万ｔ。其中小麦秸９２．７４９４万ｔ，油菜秸４４．７４２７ｔ，居一，二倍。在调查研究和分析基础上，指出了青海省秸秆资源利用不合理的现状，饲用率较低，仅占总量的１０％－２０％，加工饲用率为１．２％，烧用占４４．８８％，其它占３５．１２％－４５．１２％。提出了青海省秸秆资源开发利用的途径。     

谷草的营养特点及开发利用

作为非竞争性饲料资源,农作物秸秆价格低廉,是反刍动物极好的饲料.秸秆是农作物光合作用的产物,贮存有丰富的营养物质,是宝贵的粗饲料来源.我国每年约生产6～8亿吨作物秸秆,约占世界秸秆总量的20%～30%,且种类繁多,所含粗蛋白质总量约0.2亿吨,相当于2.5亿吨玉米所含蛋白质的总量.     

白腐真菌与秸秆饲料的有效利用

农作物秸秆是一种潜在的非竞争资源,在我国具有数量大、分布广、种类多等特点。据估计,每年各类秸秆的总产量约５－７～６亿ｔ。而目前用于饲料部分还不足１０％。所以,探索秸秆处理措施,提高秸秆的营养价值,扩大有效利用范围,已引起人们的广泛关注。目前,秸秆利用的主要方法有物理法（切碎、泡软、蒸煮）,化学法（氨化、碱化、酸化等）和生物法。在生物法处理中,只有少数真菌能同时分解所有的植物聚合物,主要是白腐真菌。利用白腐真菌处理秸秆,提高秸秆饲料的有效利用的研究已取得了很大进展。１　限制秸秆饲料有效利用的主要因…     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。