基于自适应全局阈值融合标记的遥感图像建筑群分割

针对分割遥感图像建筑群时,标记不完全所产生的过分割和欠分割并存问题,提出一种基于自适应全局阈值融合标记的图像分割算法.该算法根据建筑群的分布和纹理特点,利用小波变换提取图像梯度,通过形态学重构对梯度图像进行滤波;采用局部极小值法提取背景标记,并应用自适应全局阈值法提取建筑群标记.采用逻辑运算进行标记融合,用融合后的标记修改加权像素的Sobel梯度图实现精准分割.实验结果表明,该算法能够弥补形态学滤波梯度图的局部极值标记不足问题,抑制了建筑群的过分割和欠分割,准确地将建筑群从背景中提取出来,分割正确率达到90.7％.     

作物病害图像中重叠病斑分离算法

针对传统的分水岭分割算法的不足,应用了一种基于标记测地重建的分水岭算法对棉花重叠病斑图像进行分离.首先对病斑二值图像利用多尺度距离变换获得病斑的距离图像,通过极限腐蚀操作检测出标记种子;然后以种子标记为基础.运用形态学测地重建运算获取测地影响区骨架SKIZ--分水岭线;最后利用分水岭线与原病斑图像进行交集运算.从而得到分离的图像.运用该算法对棉花重叠病斑图像进行分离,试验结果表明:该方法能较好地将图像中的重叠病斑分离,并较好地保存病斑边缘信息,对图像中的微小结构和噪声不敏感,具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于类球形亮度变换的水果表面缺陷提取

针对基于机器视觉技术的水果表面缺陷因受到亮度不均影响而提取困难的问题,以阿克苏苹果为研究对象,采用可见-近红外双CCD成像系统,设计了一种无需预先建模的类球形亮度变换方法,对R分量图像进行亮度变换,变换后的图像使整个水果表面正常区域灰度趋于一致,而缺陷区域依然保留为低灰度区,增强了缺陷和正常果皮的对比度,提高了缺陷检测精度.使用共计100个样本评估算法的可行性,其中45个缺陷果的检测精度为93.3％,55个正常果的检测正确率为100％,整体检测精度达到97％.研究结果表明,利用基于类球形亮度变换结合单阈值分割方法提取水果表面缺陷是可行的.     

小波变换与分水岭算法融合的番茄冠层叶片图像分割

在基于机器视觉的作物营养诊断研究中,通常需要采集叶片样本并在实验室条件下定量测定其营养素含量,但由于叶片间相互重叠,往往使得叶片样本不能清晰地反映在群体番茄冠层图像中。为了解决这一问题,需要利用图像分析技术有效提取作物冠层图像中的叶片,并根据处理结果采集实验室测定样本。本文从复杂背景剔除、梯度图计算、小波变换、标记选取、分水岭分割等环节出发,实现了基于小波变换与分水岭算法融合的番茄冠层多光谱图像叶片分割。首先对比了4种复杂背景剔除算法,发现当增强因子a=1.3时,基于归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)的阈值分割目标提取准确,适合各种光照条件,时空复杂度低。其次在梯度图计算方面,近红外(Near infrared,NIR)波段图像形态学梯度在保持目标边缘的同时,能消除大量由叶脉、光照等引起的叶片内纹理细节。然后以小波分析为基础进行标记选取,发现当选取db4小波函数、4层小波分解低频系数、阈值为18的H-maxima变换能得到最优的目标标记结果。最后对多光谱番茄冠层图像的小波变换分水岭分割和数学形态学分水岭分割结果进行叠加,发现对复杂背景及不同光照强度下的番茄冠层叶片平均误分率为21%,为基于多光谱图像分析的番茄叶片营养素含量检测提供了一定的技术支持。     

基于深度学习的自然环境下刺梨果实识别

采用0.57R-0.18G-0.2B色差分量法对刺梨图像进行处理,通过Ostu自适应阈值分割、形态学滤波和二值图像白色色素面积阈值等方法对图像进行一次分割。根据刺梨果实图像的颜色和纹理特征,再采用YCbCr颜色空间模型中各分量的阈值对图像进行二次分割。通过标记分水岭分割算法对粘连果实连通区域进行分割,利用Hough圆变换对独立、遮挡和重叠情况下的果实外圆进行拟合和修复,最终获取果实质心坐标及其半径。试验结果表明:刺梨果实识别正确率均高于92%,说明本算法能够对刺梨果实进行有效地识别。     

基于欧氏距离的发芽马铃薯无损检测研究

根据发芽马铃薯的特点,提出了一种基于欧氏距离的算法对发芽马铃薯进行检测。首先利用机器视觉系统采集发芽马铃薯的图像,对获得的原始图像进行B通道灰度化、中值滤波和Otsu阈值分割等图像预处理;利用欧氏距离算法对发芽马铃薯进行检测,并结合形态学中的孔洞填充和移除小目标实现对发芽区域的准确分割并标记。结果表明:发芽马铃薯的正确识别率达94%;基于欧氏距离算法的发芽马铃薯检测方法方便可行,为研究马铃薯分级系统奠定了基础。     

水果表面亮度不均校正及单阈值缺陷提取研究

提出了一种水果表面亮度不均校正算法.以脐橙为研究对象,首先提取R分量图像并除去背景后获得原始图像;然后根据照度-反射模型,利用低通滤波获得该图像的入射分量图,将此入射分量图作为该图像的亮度图像;最后,原始图像与亮度图像相除后即为亮度校正后的图像.基于亮度校正后的图像,利用单阈值对水果表面缺陷一次性成功分割.利用开发的算法对正常样本和带有10类不同缺陷的样本共计788幅图像进行处理,总体识别正确率达到97％.     

基于KFCM和改进分水岭算法的猪肉背最长肌分割技术

提出一种利用核模糊C均值聚类(KFCM)和改进分水岭算法分割猪肉眼肌切面图像中背最长肌区域的方法.该算法对经中值滤波去噪后图像的R分量利用最大方差自适应阈值(OTSU)去除背景,再采用KFCM提取出肌肉组织,然后进行空洞填充,最后由改进的分水岭算法分割出背最长肌区域.利用该算法对采集的60幅猪肉眼肌图像进行处理,分割正确率为86.67%;与传统的形态学算法相比,该算法能真实、完整地恢复出背最长肌区域.结果表明:该算法能有效地分割出猪肉眼肌图像中的背最长肌区域,与改进前分水岭算法相比,能避免背最长肌区域出现欠分割.     

鲜杏外部缺陷在线检测系统

为了有效实施对鲜杏表面缺陷的快速检测,基于LabVIEW软件平台和IMAQ Vision视觉工具包,开发了可同时检测鲜杏表面磨伤、日灼、霉变及碰伤缺陷的在线视觉检测系统。该系统包含图像在线采集和处理识别模块。最后,通过对搭建的系统在水平输送速度为0.063m/s条件下,对190个各类鲜杏样本进行RGB彩色图像采集,然后提取G单分量图像并依次采用中值滤波、图像灰度变换、阈值分割及形态学处理等算法对缺陷鲜杏图像进行处理和分析,得到正常果、磨伤果、日灼果、霉变果、碰伤果检测的准确率分别为88.00%、73.33%、80.00%、8 2.5 0%、8 7.5 0%,整体在线识别率达到8 3.1 5%。     

类球形水果表皮颜色变化校正方法研究

针对类球形水果表面较大的曲率变化会引起表面亮度不均,从而导致水果颜色分级评价中存在误差大、准确率低等问题,提出了二维B样条水果表面亮度不均校正算法。利用该算法分别对原始RGB图像各单通道图像进行亮度校正,然后将校正后的RGB图像转换成HIS颜色空间图像,提取色调H和亮度I分量,通过对比校正前后H和I分量图像像素灰度标准差评价校正效果。对160幅橙图像处理结果表明,校正后的图像在色调和亮度上比原始图像更加均匀,色调H分量和亮度I分量的平均标准差分别仅为原始图像标准差的21.57%和33.94%,色调和亮度均匀性得到了明显的改善。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。