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在养殖业中,油脂是一种常见的饲料原料。1953年,美国率先将油脂作为饲料原料使用于畜禽养殖(赵国志等,2000)。50多年来,饲用油脂已经被各国广泛应用。近年来,由于动物营养学研究不断深入以及现代养殖业对动物福利、环境保护和生产效率要求越来越高,饲料中添加油脂日益受到重视,并且,饲用油脂的各种应用特性也不断被发现和肯定。文章主要介绍了油脂的饲用作用和氧化油脂的潜在不良影响。 相似文献
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饲用油脂作为畜禽饲料能量来源的应用越来越广泛,主要原因是油脂作为一种高质量、高浓度的能量来源,对改善畜禽生产性能有明最的效果,即油脂本身的能量价值比理论估算实际上还要高,以及油脂能促进其他营养成分的吸收利用。同时,油脂能促进色素的吸收、改善肉鸡皮肤色素的沉积,以及在高温应激时,使用油脂作为部分能量来源可以减少畜禽的应激反应等。 相似文献
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饲用TR饲料是蛋白原料经微生物发酵后与土壤混合而成的一种具有生物活性的新型配合饲料,富含动物生长所需的各种微量元素、消化酶、生物活性制剂及活性微生物细胞。经我室饲养试验证明:用10~15%饲用TR饲料等量取代蛋鸡全价配合饲料,其效果等于或高于蛋鸡全价配合饲料,并显著降低饲料成本。但饲用TR饲料饲喂肉仔鸡是否可行,目前尚不清楚,故我们进行了本试验。 一、材料和方法 1、饲用TR饲料:由本室生产的蛋白发酵原料及沧州厚德生物技术开发研究所提供的生物活性物质和鱼粉、骨粉、磷酸氢钙混合而成的浓缩TR饲料,再加入90%土壤混合而成饲用TR饲料。 2、试验动物与日粮处理:300羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡饲养2周后,选择健康的肉仔鸡250羽,随机分成五组,每组50羽,各组平均体重均无显著差异。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮(燕龙牌颗粒饲料);第2、3组为试验 相似文献
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肉用仔鸡日粮添加棕榈油饲养试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在日粮中添加适量的饲用油脂,除提供油脂本身的高能量外,还具有(1)额外能量效应,即油脂延长了食糜在消化道中的停留时间,提高了营养物质的消化率;(2)提供动物体内一些必需脂肪酸(亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸);(3)促进脂溶性维生素和类胡萝卜素(色素)的吸收和利用;(4)在特殊环境,尤其是在高温条件下,有助于减轻热应激对家禽生产性能的危害;(5)提高日粮的适口性,降低饲料粉尘(李巧芬,2000)。虽在日粮中添脂是昂贵的,但选择一种价格能被接受而且能发挥应有效果的饲用油脂有助于提高饲养效益。August(1999)研究认为,棕榈油总能量38.6MJ/kg,表… 相似文献
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中国是一个油料生产大国和加工大国,也是一个油脂消费大国和油脂油料进出口大国。据不完全统计,我国的油料加工总能力已超过亿吨,成为世界上油料加工能力最大的国家。然而由于我国油脂需求量大,60%以上的油脂仍依靠进口,这给"油脂安全供应"带来很大的隐患。研究表明,油脂是优质的高能量饲料,其能值是碳水化合物和蛋白质的2倍多。近年来,随着畜牧业及饲料工业的迅速发展,对能量饲料的需求增多,油脂在饲料生产的应用极为普遍。油脂作为能量饲料,未来需求加大是必然趋势,这给我国的油脂供应提出了新的难题。而随着我国土地资源不断减少,粮价总体将持续高位运行。以今年为例,玉米价格不断上涨,加上俄罗斯、澳大利亚等国家因干旱减产或禁止玉米出口,给我省饲料行业造成很大影响。在饲料粮供应偏紧和价格变化较大的形势下,如何保障我省饲用油脂的有效供给和质量安全,如何促进我省饲用油脂行业持续健康发展,已成为业界共同关注的问题。为了深入了解我省饲用油脂市场现状、供应情况以及生产使用过程中存在的问题,省饲料行业协会及《广东饲料》杂志社针对我省饲用油脂供应数量、价格,工艺保障等多方面的问题展开调研,组织油脂加工骨干企业与专家、饲用油用户代表召开专题座谈会,并对油脂生产加工企业开展调研,共同探讨饲用油脂供需、安全及竞争等问题,以期促进行业健康发展。 相似文献
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R·H斯克拉克氏,根据饲料中油脂的种类和赖氨酸含量,探讨了对蛋重的影响。笔者使用了橄榄油和市售饲用油两种作为试验用油脂。饲料中粗蛋白质、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸以及代谢能等养分含量相同。按油脂和必需脂肪酸含量(亚油酸十花生四烯酸), 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献