Strategies for educational action to meet veterinary medicine's role in biodefense and public health

It is clear that the profession is not well prepared to respond to society's needs in bio-defense and public health. The imperatives that face the veterinary profession, as emphasized by the agenda for action conference deliberations that are reported in this issue of the journal, require action on many fronts, but possibly none more essential than to address how veterinary education needs to change to meet these challenges. Addressing these needs, participants at the agenda for action conference met in groups of 30 to 50 to shape approaches that would address these key questions. The 161 participants were broadly representative of government, private practice, corporate practice, organized veterinary medicine, and academia (Appendix A). Reported here are the results of those deliberations, with each of the seven sections written up by the discussion leader. Included in the participants were 20 students, representative of eight different veterinary colleges, who both participated in the group discussions and have presented their own report.     

Veterinary medicine in the media society--science and media in relation to FMD

The outbreak and explosive spread of foot-and-mouth disease in the European Union brought about an intense discussion in the media. FMD was an outstanding media topic in Germany. But the scientific experts of veterinary medicine had no prominent role in this public debate. The reason for this fact seemed to be a lack of competence to present themselves and their knowledge in the media arena. The scientists should try to fit themselves in the media society by training their communication competence.     

兽用缓释制剂研究现状

缓释制剂由于其安全、长效、价廉、便利而得到越来越多兽医工作者的肯定,成为当前兽药研发的一个主要方向。为了更好的发挥该类制剂在兽医临床上的作用,作者就缓释制剂的释药原理、应用概况及展望等作一综述。     

王丽娜，郝利忠，韩春晓，苗翠

畜产品中药物残留主要包括β-受体激动剂类、抗生素类、性激素类等药物。ELISA检测技术因其灵敏度高、特异性强、仪器设备简单、成本低、方法快速、简便等优点,成为畜产品中药物残留目前最理想的检测技术之一。为了考察试剂盒的各项指标与标示指标是否一致和能否正确使用试剂盒,本文就ELISA检测技术在畜产品中兽药残留检测试剂盒的选择原则和使用注意事项进行了归纳总结。     

Supplementation to meet metabolizable protein requirements of primiparous beef heifers: II. Pregnancy and economics

Metabolizable protein (MP) requirements of spring calving heifers increase over the winter due to advancing gestation. The MP content of grazed winter forage is low, which may result in an MP deficiency. The objective was to compare the response of supplementing pregnant yearling heifers to meet MP requirements versus conventional CP supplementation. In 1997-98 and in 1998-99, pregnant, March-calving heifers (2,120 animals; 358 kg) at two locations of a commercial ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills, were used following breeding through calving as 2-yr-olds (cows). Heifers were randomly allotted to one of two supplementation treatments (about 265 heifers/treatment) each year at each of two locations (Ashby and Whitman, NE). Treatments were 1) supplementation to meet MP requirements (MPR) or 2) supplementation to meet CP requirements (CPR). Heifers grazed upland range and meadow and were offered supplements three times weekly from mid-September to mid- or late-February. Increasing amounts of meadow hay were fed from mid-December through calving. After supplementation ended in February, heifers were managed in one group at each location until the following October. Body weights and body condition scores were taken in September, February, and October. Two-yr-old pregnancy rates were determined via rectal palpation in October. Capital budgeting techniques were used to determine the economic return of supplementation strategies. There were no differences in BW (P = 0.41) or body condition score (P = 0.99) change during the winter among treatment groups across years and locations, but MPR cows were heavier (425 kg) than CPR cows (421 kg) at the time of 2-yr-old pregnancy testing (P = 0.07). Pregnancy rate was higher (P = 0.001) in the MPR (91%) compared to the CPR treatment (86%). Regression analysis showed that the response of the MPR treatment on pregancy rates tended to be negatively correlated with precalving body condition score (P = 0.11), body condition score loss over the winter (P = 0.07), and body condition score at weaning of the first calf (P = 0.08). The improvement in 2-yr-old pregnancy by supplementing to meet MP requirements improved the value of each bred heifer by 13.64 dollars. We conclude that balancing MP requirements during gestation may result in a subsequent increase in 2-yr-old pregnancy and increase the value of young females.     

动物园兽医的使命及发展思路

野生动物的移地保护和保护教育是现代动物园的主要功能,兽医在保障野生动物健康方面承担着重要的使命。动物园兽医在本质上是医学的一个特殊分枝,由于野生动物及其疾病种类的复杂性和个人精力、能力的局限性,动物园兽医的职业化和专业化是提高野生动物健康保障能力的根本出路;应激因素对圈养动物的健康造成很大的威胁,而适度驯化则可以最大限度地减少应激的发生;在国内建立区域动物园兽医服务网络、建立兽医行业内部信息交流平台是提高动物园兽医行业整体水平的基本思路：正确的疾病诊断和规范的处方,以及全面关注动物的基本需求、积极主动的疾病防疫等在兽医日常工作中占有同等重要的地位。由于兽医掌握了动物发病和死亡的第一手资料,动物园应当为兽医参与动物管理提供条件。     

科学构建国家兽医药品公共信息平台促进产业发展

文章探讨了兽医药品信息对政府、企业、消费者以及产业发展的重要意义，国家如何科学地构建行业专业的信息平台，实施兽医药品产业、政务、公共信息数字化网络化，通过信息化建设推进产业发展。