海南省发展休闲农庄的对策分析

介绍国内外休闲农庄的发展现状,分析发展海南休闲农庄的原则与类型,提出以项目带动发展休闲农庄、打造海南休闲农庄精品、创新休闲农庄经营方式及政策扶持等措施,促进海南休闲农庄的快速、健康、可持续发展。     

自然教育视角下生态型农庄的场地构思与营造策略

当前,观光型农庄已无法满足社会、生态的需求,农庄的开发形式在进行转型的新探索,自然教育内容的加入,可为生态型农庄的发展转型提供新的道路。从自然教育的视角下,阐明在生态型农庄中开展自然教育的意义,梳理生态型农庄的环境要素,构建生态型农庄的自然教育内容体系,为生态型农庄的建设提供新的场地构思,提出自然教育在生态型农庄中的实现途径。     

抚仙湖北岸四季农庄规划设计探析

近年来，生态农庄发展迅速，成为现代人走出城市、走进大自然的首选。然而，生态农庄的规划设计不可避免的出现了“千庄一律”的问题，不利于生态农庄的可持续发展。以云南澄江四季农庄规划设计为例，从生态发展、产业规划、旅游开发及科普教育角度出发，研究农庄的规划设计。     

数字技术在福建南平市博远农庄改造中的应用

随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,城市公园和景区已经不能满足人们对休闲旅游的要求,从而新型的观光农业园越来越得到人们的青睐。原有的传统农庄已经无法满足现代需求,并随之出现一系列矛盾,具有改造的迫切性。随着科学技术的发展,传统的技术、手段也不能适应行业需求,数字技术作为新的科学技术手段,在农庄改造过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文以福建省南平市博远农庄为例,笔者通过对数字技术在博远农庄改造过程中不同阶段的应用,探讨数字技术在农庄改造中的理论与实践的方法,最后提出如何解决数字技术在农庄改造规划过程中存在的问题,以期为传统农庄改造提供借鉴经验。     

试析如何加强永顺县生态农庄造林绿化建设

指出了当前国土绿化建设中存在的问题,给出了生态农庄造林绿化建设的原则,提出了加强生态农庄造林绿化的建议,以期为生态农庄造林绿化建设提供参考。     

楚雄市休闲农庄规划研究

指出了随着人们生活方式的转变,朴实闲适的乡村农家生活逐渐成为人们心中的向往。对楚雄市主城区休闲农庄进行了调查,结果表明:休闲农庄千遍一律,模式单一,没有体现彝族文化传统。通过分析总结彝族文化的应用形式和应用原则,对楚雄市休闲农庄开发提出了改善建议,旨在建立一个自然与人文并存的特色农庄。     

生态农庄规划设计探讨

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,每逢节假日,人们已不再满足于在家单纯的休息,更愿意携家人出去走一走,感受大自然的气息,因此,城郊游不断升温.而伴随着城郊游的不断升温,生态农庄也悄然兴起.本文就生态农庄的规划设计进行探讨,阐述了生态农庄在规划设计时所需要注意的一些问题.     

海南“共享农庄”旅游型乡村公共空间优化策略

2017年海南省提出以"共享农庄"为抓手,全力推进美丽乡村建设进程,开启了乡村旅游发展新趋势。而乡村的公共空间,作为旅游活动开展的门户场所,更是旅游活动和人们生产生活物质载体,对于乡村旅游有着重要意义。本文以海南为例,通过"共享农庄"与"传统旅游"旅游模式、公共活动类型、公共空间需求等各要素对比,探讨"共享农庄"下乡村公共空间优化策略,以期为后续规划建设提供一定参考和依据。     

华东最大的大花蕙兰基地在义乌生根开花

浙江省义乌市义金农庄引进韩国先进技术，投资创建华东地区规模最大的大花蕙兰种苗及商品花开发基地，形成了年产３００万株组培苗、３万盆商品花的生产能力。２０００年３月，义金农庄从韩国引进１万盆大花蕙兰进行试种与研究。大花蕙兰喜冷凉气候，而浙江义乌夏季温度偏高，生长繁育存在着较大困难，义金农庄就聘请了中国林科院亚林所阙国宁研究员、黄爱珠研究员、浙江大学博士生导师朱睦元教授等作为技术顾问，韩国著名花卉专家姜成哲也两次被请到农庄作技术指导，１万盆韩国大花蕙兰在农庄工人精心呵护下试种成功。为了扩大生产规模和提…     

新型乡村生态休闲农庄旅游规划要素分析——以高安市瑞英山庄为例

为解决休闲农庄生态旅游过快增长而出现的诸如"失我性"、乡村景观破碎等问题。以江西省高安市瑞英山庄为例,分析梳理了农庄及周边村落的自然资源与文化脉络,提出了"以创促新,以本培元,以元带产,以产创富"的规划理念,通过规划引领,最终达到"产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、生活富裕"的乡村振兴总要求,以期为今后的休闲农庄生态旅游提供可借鉴的范式。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.