不同柽柳林地柽柳上植食性天敌昆虫群落多样性的比较研究

三个柽柳林地取食柽柳的植食性天敌昆虫优势类群组成相同，主要由瘿螨科(：Efiophyidae)、瘿蚊科(Ceeidomyiidae)、盾蚧科(Diaspididae)、杂斑木虱科(Aphalaridae)、叶蝉科(Cieadellidae)、盲蝽科(Miridae)、象甲科(Cureulionidae)、叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)、麦蛾科(Geleehiidae)等类群组成。其中大部分科仅由某一种或某一属组成。位于温暖气候区的大河沿林地虽然面积最小，但植食性昆虫科的总数量、丰富度(中、后期)、多样性指数N1和N2(中、后期)等参数均高于寒冷区的其他两林地。同位于寒冷地区的阜康和呼图壁林地，面积较大的阜康林地的昆虫群落除均匀度在各季节时期显著高于呼图壁外，其他如总科数、Hill系列多样性参数、丰富度等与面积较小的呼图壁林地无显著差异。     

植食性昆虫与农业害虫

植食性昆虫与农业害虫是昆虫学两个常见的专业名词。正是因为常见 ,故对其涵义、类别和界定有所忽略。本文就此提出一些粗浅的看法 ,以求抛砖引玉。1　植食性昆虫　　据大英博物馆 ( 1 988)估计 ,全世界昆虫种类有1 0 0 0万种 ,已记载、描述的约 90万种。根据昆虫食物的性质 ,可以分为植食性昆虫 ( phytophagous in-sects) ,占昆虫总数的 48.2 % ;肉食性昆虫 ( preda-tory insects) ,其中捕食性 ( predatism)占 2 8.0 % ,寄生性 ( parasitism)占 2 .4% ;腐食性昆虫 ( sapropha-gousinsects)占 1 7.3% (包括尸食者 necrophaga和粪食者 coprop…     

新疆柽柳上的植食性昆虫种类调查

本文报道新疆柽柳上的植食性昆虫和螨共7目29科105种及其分布和取食部位。其中，蚕食叶片有37种，占28．0％；刺吸叶片昆虫有48种，占36．4％；取食柽柳花和果实的有23种，占17．4％；蛀食枝干的有18种，占13．6％；蛀食根的有7种，占5．3％。     

新香蕉园植食昆虫群落结构及优势种的动态

调查南宁市蕉类（含香蕉类、大蕉类、粉蕉类）植食昆虫种类有８目３８类８６６中,其中新植香蕉园有７目３６科４８种,群落中种群数量最大的是香蕉完网蝽,其次是茶袋蛾和香蕉交脉蚜。新植香蕉园植食性昆虫群落物种重要比值符合正态分布曲线。文中对群落的时、空结构和香蕉冠网蝽的数量消长作了分析,对优势种群的数量控制进行了讨论。     

太谷县枣园昆虫群落结构研究

对太谷地区枣园中昆虫群落及其多样性研究结果表明,在4个样地的枣园中,有昆虫119种,它们分别隶属于12个目,55个科;不同枣区昆虫群落的科数、物种数及其丰盛度均有不同程度的变化。     

十字花科蔬菜抗病性筛选技术

十字花科作物对人类有非常重要的用途,它们不仅是全世界性蔬菜作物,还是油料和饲料作物。在日本,十字花科作物,尤其是萝卜、白菜和甘蓝是最重要的蔬菜,占1983年日本蔬菜栽培总面积和总产量的25％和36％。在育种工作中,抗病性筛选是必不可少的。这不论对寻找抗病材料还是对子代选择都是必要的。本文将提供已经确立的或目前     

重庆市郊不同种植制度菜地昆虫群落结构研究

文章报道了1990年6月—1991年5月对重庆市郊13种不同种植制度菜地昆虫群落的调查研究结果。凋查中发现47种昆虫,按发生数量、时间和为害程度,可将害虫区分为3类。优势害虫主要是珠砂叶螨、菜缢管蚜、小菜蛾和菊潜叶蝇。各种菜地昆虫群落的多样性有所不同,但具有共同趋势,即昆虫目的多样性[H(O)]大于目内科的多样性[Ho(F)],又大于科内种的多样性[H_F(S)];均匀度都低,优势种十分突出,模糊聚类分析表明,13种菜地昆虫群落可划分为5个亚群落,各亚群落在蔬菜种类、换茬方式以及昆虫组成上各有特点。     

十字花科蔬菜对根肿病的抗性比较

十字花科蔬菜对根肿病的抗性比较湖南湘潭市蔬菜研究所（４１１１００）肖新平根据病主要发生在十字花科作物上，我市一般发病率在３０％以上，重病因达８０％．笔者在１９８９年－１９９２年起开始进行十字花科根肿病抗性品种筛选，从各地引进品种，在自然污染的病圃地区...     

十字花科蔬菜害虫生物防治研究进展

十字花科蔬菜主要害虫有菜青虫、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、猿叶虫等,其中有些害虫抗药性的迅速增加导致频繁暴发,因此生物防治对于防治十字花科蔬菜害虫是至关重要的。本文综述了国内外目前对十字花科蔬菜害虫天敌昆虫、病原微生物的调查研究进展,并探讨对植物提取物和昆虫生长调节刑等的利用现状。     

植物挥发性次生物质对植食性昆虫的影响

植物挥发性次生物质对植食性昆虫的寄主选择、取食、交配、产卵等行为有着重要的影响作用。本文就植物挥发性次生物质对植食性昆虫影响的研究状况及其进展进行综述报道,以便为进一步深入开展这方面的研究提供借鉴。     

除草剂老铁防除十字花科蔬菜田杂草的效果

40%老铁WP防除十字花科蔬菜田杂草具有效果好、药效期长、杀草谱广、施药期较宽等优点。安全的用法是整地后先施药后移栽,用药量120~150 g/667m2,对水量至少45 kg/667m2。土壤干燥情况下,对水量需相应增加。     

啶虫脒防治十字花科蔬菜蚜虫药效试验

蚜虫是为害十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,该虫主要以成虫和若虫群集在蔬菜叶片上吸食汁液,危害后造成叶片卷曲变形,植株生长不良,还排出大量的蜜露、蜕皮而污染叶面,降低蔬菜商品价值.此外,蚜虫还传播多种病毒病.而随着农药的使用量的逐年加大,蚜虫的抗药性逐年增强,常用农药防治效果下降.为了了解啶虫脒对十字花科蔬菜蚜虫的防治效果,找寻高效、低毒、安全的替代农药,特进行本试验.     

Evolutionary analysis of herbivorous insects in natural and agricultural environments

Herbivorous insects offer a remarkable example of the biological diversity that formed the foundation for Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The ability of insects to evolve resistance rapidly to insecticides and host‐plant resistance present a continual challenge for pest management. This paper considers the manner in which genetic constraints, host‐plant availability and trade‐offs affect the evolution of herbivorous insects in natural and agricultural environments, and the extent to which lessons learned from studying natural systems may be applied to improve insect resistance management in agricultural systems. Studies on the genetic architecture of adaptation by herbivores to host plants and to insecticides are reviewed. The genetic basis of resistance is an important component of simulation models that predict the evolution of resistance. These models often assume monogenic resistance, but available data suggest that this assumption may be overly narrow and that modeling of resistance as oligogenic or polygenic may be more appropriate. As omics (e.g. genomics and proteomics) technologies become more accessible, a better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance will be possible. Trade‐offs often accompany adaptations by herbivores. Trade‐offs arise when the benefit of a trait, such as the ability to feed on a novel host plant or to survive in the presence of an insecticide, is counterbalanced by fitness costs that decrease fitness in the absence of the selective agent. For resistance to insecticides, and resistance to insecticidal transgenic crops in particular, fitness costs may act as an evolutionary constraint and delay or prevent the evolution of resistance. An important observation is that certain ecological factors such as host plants and entomopathogens can magnify fitness costs, which is termed ecological negative cross‐resistance. The application of omics technologies may allow for more efficient identification of factors that will impose ecological negative cross‐resistance, thereby bolstering insect resistance management. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Impact of leaf infestation by herbivorous insects on the elemental uptake of citrus trees

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The elemental compositions of healthy and infested leaves of three species of lemon trees (Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium and Citrus medica) were...     

The potential for control of bracken in the UK using introduced herbivorous insects

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) is an invasive native weed in the UK causing problems in upland agriculture and in land of amenity and conservation value; it may represent a risk to human health. Existing control methods such as cutting or herbicide use are subject to practical, economic or environmental constraints in many areas of the UK. Classical biological control of bracken would involve the introduction of specialist bracken-feeding herbivores from other parts of the world. Classical biological weed control has a reasonable record of success in other parts of the world and an exemplary safety record, but remains untried in the UK. The typical development of a classical weed biocontrol programme is presented using the UK bracken programme as an example. Finally the current position of this classical biocontrol programme is reviewed with an assessment of the prospects for the future. With appropriate funding, a full field release of at least one species of South African bracken-feeding moth should be achieved during the mid-1990s.     

Relationships between sulfonylurea herbicide treatment of host plants and the performance of herbivorous insects

Previous work had shown that the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron affected the survival of a herbivorous insect species dwelling on a sub-lethally exposed host plant. Further experiments have been conducted to establish whether this negative effect was a single occurrence characteristics for the specific insect-plant interaction and the specific herbicide tested. Three insect-plant interactions were tested for the effects of selected sulfonylurea herbicides, i.e. metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl. The species pairs tested were Pieris brassicae/Brassica napus, Gastrophysa polygoni/Fallopia convolvulus and Sitobium avenae/Triticum aestivium. No significant effects on survival and relative growth rate of P brassicae or G polygoni were found when treating the host plants with sulfonylurea herbicides. However, the host plants had a significantly reduced root and shoot growth rate when treated with herbicide. Treating T aestivium with the recommended field rate of metasulfuron-methyl did not cause any change in development time, growth rate or fecundity of S avenae feeding on the host plants. The data presented suggest that the increased mortality observed for G polygoni larvae feeding on chlorsulfuron-treated host plants observed earlier was characteristic for this herbicide and for the specific plant-insect interaction only.     

南宁市绿化植物介壳虫的发生及为害调查初报

通过对南宁市道路旁、公园及苗圃等绿化植物介壳虫种类的调查,得到半球盔蚧、考氏白盾蚧等22种,其中桑白盾蚧、堆蜡粉蚧、考氏白盾蚧及椰圆盾蚧4种为害严重;对城市介壳虫的防治提出了建议.     

Correction to: Impact of leaf infestation by herbivorous insects on the elemental uptake of citrus trees

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the original publication, the article title was incorrectly published as ‘Impact of leave infestation by herbivorous insects on the elemental...     

十字花科蔬菜根肿病研究进展

概述了十字花科蔬菜根肿病菌分离培养、病原菌检测、病菌致病性分化、品种抗病性和病害综合治理等方面的研究进展 ,并对其研究前景进行了讨论