酸性硫酸盐土壤上几种磷矿粉对水稻生长的影响

在酸性硫酸盐土壤未垦和已垦地上进行的磷矿粉田间试验结果表明,未垦地上直接施用磷矿粉对水稻有显著的增产作用,主要表现在促进水稻株高、分蘖数、穗数的增加上．但在已垦地上磷矿粉对水稻的增产作用不甚明显．施肥后对相关的土壤肥力状况变化也进行了报道．     

集中排水甘蔗地酸性硫酸盐土壤酸化的减缓

Recent research results suggest that acidification of acid sulfate soils may be inhibited in well-drained estuarine floodplains in eastern Australia by the absence of natural creek levees,The lack of natural levees has allowed the inuudation of the land by regular tidal flooding prior to the construction of flood mitigation work.Such physiographical conditions prevent the development of pre-draingae pyrite-derived soil acidifica-tion that possibly occurred at many levee-protected sites in eastern Australian estuarine floodplains during extremely dry spells.Pre-drainage acidification is considered as an important condition for accumulation of soluble Fe and consequently,the creation of favourable environments for catalysed pyrite oxidation.Under current intensively drained onditions,the acid materials produced by ongoing pyrite oxidation can be rapidly removed from soil pore water by lateral leaching and acid buffering,resulting in low concentrations of soluble Fe in the pyritic layer,which could reduce the rate of pyrite oxidation.     

综述: 酸性硫酸盐土壤的环境风险评价分析方法

Assessment of acid sulfate soil risk is an important step for acid sulfate soil management and its reliability depens very much on the suitability and ccuracy of various analytical methods for estimating sulfide-derived potential acidity,actual acidity and-neutralizing capacity in acid sulfate soils.This paper cirtically reviews various nalytical methods that are currently used for determination of the above parameters,as well as their implications for environmental risk assessment of acid sulfate soils.     

酸性硫酸盐土壤上施用磷矿粉对水稻养分有效性的影响

1998～2001年在已垦和未垦酸性硫酸盐土壤上连续进行6季作物的磷矿粉肥效试验,4种磷矿粉分别为摩洛哥CALCINE和BRUT,ALGERIA及昆阳磷矿粉,另外加上过磷酸钙和重过磷酸钙及对照。2000年起每小区均分成2个裂区,其中裂区Ⅰ继续按以前磷肥用量施肥,裂区Ⅱ则将后4季作物的肥料1次施下。试验结果表明,在未垦地上,施用磷矿粉处理水稻稻草P含量比对照显著提高,植株吸收N、P、K量、土壤含P量显著增加。磷矿粉为水稻生长提供了稳定有效的P源;水稻根部吸收P并主要储存于稻草中;2种施用方法无显著差异。已垦地上各处理间无显著差异。虽然缺P是制约水稻生长的一个关键因素,但在此类土壤上还存在更多的限制因子。     

施用碱稳定固体减轻酸性土壤的酸度和铝毒

A pot experiment was catried out to study alleviation of soil acidity and Al toxicity by applying analkaline-stabilised sewage sludge product (biosolids) to an acid clay sandy loam (pH 5.7) and a strongly acidsandy loam (pH 4.5). Barley (Hondeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was used as a test crop and was grownin the sewage sludge-amended (33.5 t sludge DM ha^-1) and unamended soils. The results showed that thealka1ine biosloids increased soil pH from 5.7 to 6.9 for the clay sandy loam and from 4.5 to 6.0 for the sandyloam. The sludge product decreased KCl-extractable Al from 0.1 to 0.0 cmol kg^-1 for the former soil and from 4.0 to 0.1 cmol kg^-1 for the latter soil. As a result, barley plants grew much better and grain yield increased greatly in the amended treatments compared with the unamended controls. These observations indicate that alkaline-stabilised biosolids can be used as a liming material for remedying Al phytotoxicity instrongly acid soils by increasing soil pH and lowering Al bioavailability.     

pH对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响

ＰＨ对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和土壤溶液中铝离子形态分布的影响的研究结果表明,土壤中铝的溶出量随ＰＨ降低而增加,ＰＨ对不同土壤中铝的溶出的影响不同,三种土壤中铝的溶出量受ＰＨ影响的大小顺序是：红壤〉赤红壤〉砖红壤,说明不同类型土壤中铝的溶出对外来酸的敏感和程度不同。     

我国酸性硫酸盐土壤中铁锰形态转化及迁移

酸性硫酸盐土壤酸性很强,有机质含量高,造成了这种土壤所特有的铁锰淋洗、转化和迁移规律。研究结果表明：在酸性硫酸盐土壤中全铁含量较低,一般在３５－５０ｇ／ｋｇ（以Ｆｅ２Ｏ３计）,全锰含量也低,一般在０．２５－０．５５ｇ／ｋｇ（以ＭｎＯ计）,一般滩涂中全铁大于６０ｇ／ｋｇ,全锰大于１ｇ／ｋｇ。酸性硫酸盐土壤中,铁的游离度较小,一般在３７－７０％,铁的活化度较大,一般在８－２０％,而滩涂中铁的游离度一般     

有机酸对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响

五种低分子量的有机酸对酸性土壤中铝的溶出和铝离子形态分布的影响的研究结果表明,有机酸主要通过与铝形成络合物而促进铝的溶解,使土壤溶液中有机络合态铝浓度增加,有机酸对无机铝形态的影响较小。不同有机酸由于本身的性质和结构不同,它们对铝溶解的影响不同。     

某极度酸化的酸性硫酸盐土壤中可溶性和交换性酸的特征

An extremely acidified acid sulfate soil(ASS) was investigated to characterise its soluble and exchangeable acidity,The results showed that soluble acidity of a sample dtermined by titration with a KOH soulution was much significantly greater than that indicated by pH measured using a pH meter,paricularly for the extremely acidic soil samples,This is because the total soluble acidity of the extremely acidic soil samples was mainly composed of various soluble Al and Fe species,possibly in forms of Al sulfate complexes(e.g.,AlSO4^ ) and feerous Fe(Fe^2 )_,It is therefore suggested not to use pH alone as an indicator of soluble acidity in ASS,particularly for extremely acidic ASS,It is also likely that AlSO4^ actively participated in cation exchange reactions.It appears that the possible involvement of this Al sulfate cation in the cation adsorption has significant effect on increasing the amount of acidity being adsorbed by the soils.     

Analysis of sulfur compounds in acid sulfate soils and other recent marine soils

Abstract

A refined scheme for the semi micro chemical analysis of sulfur fractions in soils is presented. Pyrite is analyzed, as iron, after extraction in HNO₃. Non‐pyrite iron is excluded by a pretreatment with HF/H₂SO₄. Water‐soluble sulfate and jarosite [KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆], the other dominant sulfur fractions in acid sulfate soils, are analyzed turbidimetrically, as sulfate, after successive extractions by EDTA.3Na (water soluble plus exchangeable SO₄) and by hot 4 M HCl (jarosite). These methods are simpler, less bulky and more specific than most existing procedures.

Introduction of elemental sulfur analysis permits estimation of organic sulfur fraction as well. Sums of individual sulfur fractions agree well with separate total sulfur determinations.

The proposed analysis of pyrite permits also distinction of the components Fe₂O₃, FeO and FeS₂ in soils and rocks².     

酸性硫酸盐土壤会对华南沿海地区河口生态系统造成一种潜在的环境威胁吗?

Integration of soil information system (SIS) and interactive self-organizing data(ISODATA) was studied to establish proper agricultural developing zones in red soil region of southern China which are of crucial importance to farmers,researchers,and decision maders while utilizing and managing red soil resources.SIS created by using ARC/INFO was used to provide data acquisition,systematic model parameter assignment,and visual display of analytic results.Topography,temperature,soil component(e.g.,organic matter and pH) and condition of agricultural production were selected as parameters of ISODATA model.Taking Longyou County,Zhejiang Province as the case study area,the effect of the integration and recommendations are discussed for future research.     

澳洲东部三种沿海漫滩酸性硫酸盐土壤中铁一硫化物的分布

The distribution of iron monosulifde (quantified as acid volatile sulfur:SAV) was compared with geochemical properties that are known to affect its formation and accumulation in three coastal Holocene acid sulfate soils (ASS) at Tuckean Swamp,Mc Leods Creek and Bungawalbyn Swamp respectively,These properties included pH,reactive iron(FeR),pore-water sulfate(SO4^2-) and organic carbon(OC).Iron monosulfide was concentrated at the oxic/anoxic boundary,the Tuckean Swamp and McLeods Creek sites are Holocene sediments,whereas the Bungawalbyn Swamp is a Holocene peat.The concentration of SAV averaged 0.2 g kg^-1 in a 0.5m thick soil layer at the Tuckean Swamp,but was an order of magnitude lower in the oxic/anoxic transition layers at McLeods Creek and Bungawalbyn Swamp,The SAV mineral greigite(Fe3S4) was identified in the Tuckean Swamp by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with quantitative energy dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM-EDX),Very small concentrations of greigite were also observed in the McLeods Creek,based on crystal morphology and elemental composition.The concentration of SAV was a small fraction of the total reduced sulfur,representing at most 3% of the pyrite sulfur,However,the presence of this highly reactive sulfide mineral,distributed within pores where oxygen diffusion is most rapid,has important implications to the potential rate of acid production from these sediments.     

澳洲酸性硫酸盐土壤的特征、问题及管理

Acid sulfate voile (ASS), widely distributed in Australia. This has only been recognised recently when intensive rmearch on ASS has been done in this country. This paper reviews aspects concerning a) the distribution and acid potential, b) controls on acidic status, and c) problems and management of ASS in Australia. It is believed that the Australian experience may be useful for other countries where potential problems from ASS exist but insufficient attention was paid to them.     

碱性材料对修复与改良酸性硫酸盐土壤障碍因子的研究

采用盆栽试验研究了不同碱性材料(石灰、自研改良剂、钙镁磷肥)对酸性硫酸盐土壤主要障碍因子的修复及其对水稻生长的影响。结果表明,不同碱性材料对土壤理化特性、土壤养分有效性和水稻生长的影响存在明显差异。与常规施肥(NPK)处理相比,自研改良剂(SAM)和钙镁磷肥(CMP1)处理土壤p H增加了1.25和0.92个单位,土壤速效磷含量分别增加了3.1倍和2.6倍,土壤有效铁、有效锰、交换性H+、Al3+含量均大幅下降。SAM与CMP1处理通过提供足够的有效磷并补充钙、镁等元素,有效改善了根系生长环境,从而有效控制铁、锰、铝等元素向地上部转运,进而对作物的生长起到促进作用。SAM和CMP1处理较NPK处理有效促进了关键生育期水稻根系活力并显著增加了水稻籽粒产量,增幅分别达121.1%和105.1%。石灰效果次之。综上,初步认为碱性材料改良酸性硫酸盐土壤的关键在于保证了充足有效磷的同时,提高了土壤p H,降低了土壤金属的毒害。本试验条件下,钙镁磷肥对修复和改良酸性硫酸盐土壤障碍因子效果非常明显,但其成本是自研改良剂的3倍,因此,基于改良剂的成本与长期适用性考虑,自研改良剂可能是该类土壤改良的最佳选择。