A Small-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture System for Global Aquaculture Education and Industry Development

While global aquaculture is expanding rapidly, the United States (U.S.) and East Africa (EA) Great Lakes region have experienced slower growth. Aquaculture education is integral to overcoming existing limitations and accelerating production in these regions and worldwide. Toward this goal, an open access educational recirculating aquaculture system (ERAS) was designed to meet the differential objectives of aquaculture education in the U.S. and EA and trialed within educational institutions. Key ERAS design considerations were cost, operation, size, component availability, and construction. A secondary aspect of ERAS design was flexibility and application to different learning objectives. Over the trial period, two potential educational uses emerged: (1) to build student awareness of aquaculture and its importance in the food system, and (2) to teach practical aquaculture skills necessary for aquaculture careers. Construction and assembly guides for the educational ERAS will be offered open source through the University of Massachusetts Amherst aquaculture extension website.     

East Meets West: An Eastern Perspective of Aquaculture 1

The East or perhaps a better term, Asia, is both a major producer and consumer of aquacultural products. Yet with a long history in the field of aquaculture, most countries have made little or no progress in the techniques and methods applied in this field. The Asian needs for aquaculture are also more basic in that aquaculture provides a cheap source of protein for the malnourished and undernourished populations. Development may be significantly affected by the wide income gap existing in these countries, by inequalities in educational quality and opportunity, and by social factors such as religion, taboos, or tradition. But on the whole, a better life for many of Asia's people may possibly be found in the development of its aquaculture potential.     

太湖网围养殖（Enclosure Aquaculture）现状及发展方向的探讨

近几年来，太湖网围养殖作为降低渔业捕捞强度和提高经济效益的一个有效措施，越来越受到各级政府部门和渔民群众的关注，如何实施适度规模经营的可持续发展战略，是摆在渔业行政管理者面前的大事，本文就太湖网围养殖的现状及发展方向作粗略的探讨，以供所有的大水面养殖者参考。     

以科学发展观推动辽宁海水养殖业的发展

1自然环境优势辽宁省濒临黄、渤二海,全省海岸线(包括岛礁岸线)全长约2510 km。近海有大小岛屿500多个,大小港湾40多处,有大型的鸭绿江、辽河等30条河流入海。沿海滩涂面积广阔,总面积近16.2×105hm2。半岛南部及辽西南部多为岩礁岸带。全省海岸类型多样,加之地处温带,四季分明     

淡水养殖环境中氨氧化微生物的研究进展

随着水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖水体氮素污染日益突出,硝化微生物在水产养殖环境氮循环中具有重要作用。本文主要综述我国淡水养殖环境中硝化微生物的多样性、作用机理、厌氧氨氧化过程和机理等研究进展,并展望今后的研究工作:(1)淡水养殖水域硝化作用和氨氧化微生物的时空分布特征及影响因子;(2)淡水养殖环境氨氧化微生物及其他氮素转化关键微生物的过程与机理;(3)深入研究特定生态系统中如池塘生态系统、氮循环的各个过程,构建相关氮素转化和氮素平衡模型,为完善淡水池塘生态系统氮循环理论、水产养殖环境的氮素污染治理和生态修复提供参考。     

Biosecurity Versus Profits: A Multiobjective Model for the Aquaculture Industry

In this study, we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this, we model the short‐run trade‐off between biosecurity and profits in the aquaculture industry. Incorporating the concept of “sanitary desirable volume (SDV)” for the salmon industry, we optimize a multiobjective model using base information from the Los Lagos region in Chile and identify a Pareto frontier. Within this setting, we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms and the effect of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on both the level of sanitary restrictions and the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions in aquaculture. The level of the SDV should be determined carefully to avoid costly excess regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation.     

二十一世纪前十年全球鲑科鱼类养殖状况

2000～2009年,全球鲑科鱼类养殖产量合计达1989万t,2010年养殖产量已达到240万t以上,产量一直在稳步上升。十年累计产量超过10万t的有大西洋鲑（Sdmosdar）、虹鳟（Oncorhynchttsmykiss）、银大麻哈鱼（0．kisutch）、大鳞大麻哈鱼（0．tshawytscha）、褐鳟（Sdmotrutta）,能够形成单独统计产量的有5属13种,大西洋鲑、虹鳟、银大麻哈鱼占鲑科鱼类养殖总产量的97％。养殖产量居前三位的是挪威、智利、英国。全球共有67个国家和2个地区（台湾、法属留尼旺岛）开展鲑科鱼类养殖,其中欧洲33个国家、美洲13个国家、亚洲11个国家和1个地区、非洲6个国家和1个地区、大洋洲4个国家,虹鳟是养殖最普遍的种类,遍布5大洲的64个国家和2个地区。     

南美白对虾高产养殖试验

利用纳潮河海水增加养殖水体盐度，采用生态防病技术。8hm^2池塘平均单产10500kg/hm^2，成活率65%，平均利润81900元/hm^2，投入产出比为1：1.55。     

凹土的研究现状及在水产养殖业上的应用前景

凹土又叫凹凸棒面粘土、凹凸棒石粘土、凹凸棒土等,是以凹凸棒石(Attapulgite)为主要成分的一种粘土矿物,主要成分为坡缕石(Palygorskite)或坡缟石,是一种含水镁铝硅酸盐粘土矿物,隶属于海泡石族,其典型分子式为:Mg5(Si8O20)(OH)2(OH2)4.4H2O,属于2:1型层链状晶体结构;除凹凸棒     

自激振荡脉冲射流式增氧机机理及实验研究

自激振荡脉冲射流式增氧机利用自激振荡原理,使吸入的空气和需氧水体在自激振荡腔室内获得充分的搅拌、混合和充氧,然后以脉冲流的方式通过特殊尾扩散管释放出去。理论分析和现场实验表明,该增氧机具有优良的搅拌、混合和充氧效果,从特殊尾管喷射出去的射流在需氧水体内具有较强的脉冲效应,有效地提高了充氧性能。     

水产动物气单胞菌鉴定方法研究进展

<正>气单胞菌属于γ-变形菌纲、气单胞菌目、气单胞菌科、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas),该属包括嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)、温和气单胞菌(A.sobria)、豚鼠气单胞菌(A.caviae)、维氏气单胞菌(A.veronii)和杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)等20个种,其中嗜水气单胞菌和杀鲑气单胞菌又分别包括5个亚种[1]。气单胞菌广泛分布于自然生态系统     

Polyphosphorylated L-ascorbic Acid: A Stable Form of Vitamin C for Aquaculture Feeds

A protected form of vitamin C, L-ascorbyl-2-poly phosphate (APP), was tested for safety and efficacy in fishes. Phosphorylation of the 2-hydroxyl group protected the 2,3-enediol of L-ascorbic acid against oxidation. When APP was added to feed, about 15% of its vitamin C activity was lost during milling and storing 5–7 d at ambient temperature. Stability of APP in pelleted feeds at 25 or 40 C was up to 83 times or 45 times greater than that of ascorbic acid (AA), respectively. In later tests, trout feed mash, steam-pelleted in triplicate, frozen, and shipped on dry ice before analysis, had 46% loss of AA and no apparent loss of APP. With 16% milling loss (highest detected in trout feeds assayed in initial tests) and 22% storage loss after 90 d, conservative APP mix rates were estimated. Mixing 153 g L-ascorbate-equivalent as APP per metric ton of airdry ingredients (153 ppm) would give 128 ppm in the finished feed after steam-pelleting and 100 ppm after 60–90 d storage at 40 C. Low-temperature extrusion of Oregon-Moist salmon feed reduced AA slightly. Ascorbic acid oxidized in frozen storage and while thawing and, after 12 h at room temperature, only trace amounts remained. Ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate at 0.05 to 0.2 times that of equimolar AA in casein-base or practical feeds supported long-term growth and development in rainbow trout and other fishes. Trout feeding trials with practical feeds in actual production regimens documented APP activity at growth rates approaching the maximum for trout farming. Corrected for greater stability, APP antiscorbutic activity appeared to be comparable to that of AA on a molar-equivalent basis. Similarly, apparent equimolar activity was inferred from estimated equilibrium levels of liver, kidney, and whole-body AA and L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate (AS) after prolonged APP use in trout feeds. Fathead minnow growth and reproduction in egg-to-egg life-cycle tests also confirmed APP safety and efficacy as a stabilized source of vitamin C for feeds. None of the typical lesions of scoliosis, malformed gill lamellae, and crenulated opercles, nor conditions of poor health, anorexia, and eventual torpor seen in vitamin C-deficient controls occurred in trout fed APP. No liver pathology was evident in trout fed APP for 252 d at 1.7 to 3.3 times the National Research Council's recommended vitamin C (equivalent) rates.