Metal-insulator transition in disordered two-dimensional electron systems

We present a theory of the metal-insulator transition in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas. A quantum critical point, separating the metallic phase, which is stabilized by electronic interactions, from the insulating phase, where disorder prevails over the electronic interactions, has been identified. The existence of the quantum critical point leads to a divergence in the density of states of the underlying collective modes at the transition, causing the thermodynamic properties to behave critically as the transition is approached. We show that the interplay of electron-electron interactions and disorder can explain the observed transport properties and the anomalous enhancement of the spin susceptibility near the metal-insulator transition.     

Cobalt-base high-temperature alloys

We have identified cobalt-base superalloys showing a high-temperature strength greater than those of conventional nickel-base superalloys. The cobalt-base alloys are strengthened by a ternary compound with the L1(2) structure, gamma' Co3(Al,W), which precipitates in the disordered gamma face-centered cubic cobalt matrix with high coherency and with high melting points. We also identified a ternary compound, gamma' Ir3(Al,W), with the L1(2) structure, which suggests that the Co-Ir-Al-W-base systems with gamma+gamma' (Co,Ir)3(Al,W) structures offer great promise as candidates for next-generation high-temperature materials.     

Disorder in Al-li-cu and Al-mn-si icosahedral alloys

Faceted dendrites of icosahedral AL(6)Li(3)Cu have been studied by high-resolution x-ray scattering. The samples display long-range icosahedral symmetry both in their diffraction patterns and in their macroscopic morphology. Despite the appearance of well-defined facets, the samples have a high degree of atomic disorder. The Bragg peaks have symmetry-dependent shapes and widths that scale linearly with G perpendicular (phason momentum). The peak widths are surprisingly similar to those found in icosahedral Al-Mn-Si alloys in both their absolute magnitude and their dependence on G perpendicular. The origin of these features in models for the icosahedral phase is discussed.     

Monoclinic Sulfur: Heat Capacity Anomaly at 198{degrees}K Caused by Disordering of the Crystal Structure

The entropy of disorder of the idealized crystal structure of monoclinic sulfur at high temperatures is equal to the extra entropy change in the lambda-type (second order transformation type) heat capacity anomaly found at 198 degrees K. The extrapolated entropy is zero at 0 degrees K. The partially disordered crystal structure gradually becomes ordered as the temperature is lowered.     

Asbestiform chain silicates: new minerals and structural groups

The discovery and characterization of structurally ordered and disordered phases that are intermediate between amphiboles and micas have shown that the biopyriboles are a much more complex family of minerals than has previously been recognized. In addition to single-chain, double-chain, and sheet structures, there are also minerals with triple chains and with alternating double and triple chains. Many crystals exhibit disorder in the sequence of double and triple chains, and isolated chains that are wider than triple are common. This structural disorder helps to explain why asbestiform amphiboles are fibrous. The new phases have now been found in several localities, and it is possible that similar phenomena in other minerals could also have been overlooked. In particular, there is no reason to suppose that analogous substances and structures with both single and double chains do not occur between the pyroxenes and the amphiboles. Since the pyroxenes are used extensively by geologists to assess rock histories and formation temperatures and pressures, it is essential that the extent of this type of disorder be evaluated. It is possible that what appears to be only an interesting mineralogical problem may prove to be a petrological nightmare.     

Comparison of Growth and Development Patterns of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck) Huanghai No.1 and the First Generation of Wild Population

[Objective] The aim was to estimate the developmental characteristics of Huanghai No.1 and the first generation of wild population in Fenneropenaeus chinensis for providing a reference for the development, feeding management and breeding. [Method] Four growth models were used to fit the growth patterns of 15 morphological traits. The squared multiple correlation coefficient (R2 ) of the Cubic growth model was higher than the other three models, so it was selected to investigate the growth pattern and age in month at inflexion. [Result] Ages in month at inflexion of body weight in Huanghai No.1 and the G1 population were 2.87 (body weight at inflexion was 14.98 g) and 4.05 (body weight at inflexion was 26.26 g), respectively. In addition, Ages in month at inflexion of morphological characters in Huanghai No.1 were from 0.51 to 3.07. CL had the most rapid growth rate, followed by AW, CH, AH, CW, BL, FL, AL5, AL3, AL4, TL, AL2, AL1, and AL6. Ages in month at inflexion in the G 1 population were from 2.38 to 3.08, except that of AL2, and the order of achieving the most rapid growth rate was AL2, AL1, AL3, AL4, CH, AL5, CW, FL, AH, AW, TL, CL, BL, and AL6, that delayed one month than that of Huanghai No.1 except AL2 and AL1. [Conclusion] The development of Huanghai No.1 cultivar was advanced for about one month compared to that of the G1 population.     

Functional compartmentalization and viewpoint generalization within the macaque face-processing system

Primates can recognize faces across a range of viewing conditions. Representations of individual identity should thus exist that are invariant to accidental image transformations like view direction. We targeted the recently discovered face-processing network of the macaque monkey that consists of six interconnected face-selective regions and recorded from the two middle patches (ML, middle lateral, and MF, middle fundus) and two anterior patches (AL, anterior lateral, and AM, anterior medial). We found that the anatomical position of a face patch was associated with a unique functional identity: Face patches differed qualitatively in how they represented identity across head orientations. Neurons in ML and MF were view-specific; neurons in AL were tuned to identity mirror-symmetrically across views, thus achieving partial view invariance; and neurons in AM, the most anterior face patch, achieved almost full view invariance.     

Todorokites: a new family of naturally occurring manganese oxides

Todorokites are found in numerous terrestrial deposits and are important copper- and nickel-bearing materials in manganese nodules. Their structures are highly disordered, not well known, and controversial. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that terrestrial todorokites consist of tunnel structures of previously unreported dimensions and that these tunnel structures are intergrown coherently on a unit cell scale. Many types and degrees of disorder are evident in the high-resolution images. These newly discovered structures indicate a need for a revised nomenclature of tunnel manganese oxides, and such a system is suggested.     

碱石灰改良酸土对大豆植株保护系统的影响

研究了通过施用不同量碱石灰改良酸性土壤对大豆保护系统的影响。结果表明,碱石灰改良酸性土壤效果明显,AL1和AL2处理均能提高大豆POD、SOD、CAT活性,碱石灰对大豆叶片POD、SOD、CAT活性的影响为AL2>AL1>CK>AL3>AL4>AL5;碱石灰处理对大豆叶片MDA含量的影响为AL2相似文献   

浅谈高校国有资产管理中存在的问题与对策

高校国有资产是高校赖以生存与发展及高校综合实力的重要组成部分,也是教学、科研和人才培养的重要支撑条件。目前高校的国有资产管理意识薄弱,体制不完善、缺乏监督机构等问题,导致国有资产管理局面混乱、国有资产流失和浪费等现象普遍存在,完善高校国有资产的管理已经迫在眉睫。本文在分析高校国有资产管理现状的基础上,提出了完善高校国有资产管理的几点建议。     

Strongly photonic macroporous gallium phosphide networks

A photo-assisted electrochemical etching technique to fabricate macropores in single-crystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) with variable porosity has been developed. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction experiments confirm that the material consists of three-dimensional, interconnected random networks with pore sizes of about 150 nanometers. Optical transmission measurements demonstrate that the nonabsorbing disordered structures strongly scatter light. The photonic strength is controlled by filling the pores with liquids of different refractive indices. Macroporous gallium phosphide filled with air has the highest scattering efficiency for visible light.     

高效纤维素降解菌的筛选

对实验室现有14个霉菌菌株进行筛选,得到3株具有高效纤维素降解能力的菌株,分别为AL11、AL12、AL14。纤维素CX酶活力分别为706.7,733.3,725.0U.g-1.min-1;还原糖生成量为17.18,17.92,17.35mg.g-1;固体曲发酵培养基(麦麸∶稻草粉=37∶)失重率分别为57.8%,62.4%,58.8%。这3个菌株纤维素降解能力明显高于其他菌株。     

禽白血病的流行病学与检测方法的研究进展

从禽白血病的定义、分类、流行病学、症状及诊断方法等方面对禽白血病进行了全面阐述,并介绍了其相关研究方法和进展情况,以期为规模养殖场诊断禽白血病提供参考。     

国产落叶松规格材销槽承压试验研究

销槽承压强度对于确定螺栓连接的屈服承载力及其木结构连接设计具有重要意义。为了得到国产落叶松规格材的销槽屈服承载强度,并分析规格材的尺寸对销槽承载性能的影响,进行了销槽承压试验。结果表明,顺纹理时,国产落叶松规格材的销槽屈服承载强度随着密度增大呈增大趋势;当荷载方向与纹理方向平行时,规格材的屈服强度为39．93MPa,与理论值吻合;规格材长懂不影响销槽承压最大荷载和屈服荷载。     

Chaperone suppression of alpha-synuclein toxicity in a Drosophila model for Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Dopaminergic neuronal loss also occurs in Drosophila melanogaster upon directed expression of alpha-synuclein, a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and a major component of proteinaceous Lewy bodies. We report that directed expression of the molecular chaperone Hsp70 prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss associated with alpha-synuclein in Drosophila and that interference with endogenous chaperone activity accelerated alpha-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, Lewy bodies in human postmortem tissue immunostained for molecular chaperones, also suggesting that chaperones may play a role in Parkinson's disease progression.     

梁子湖、鄱阳湖和淤泥湖团头鲂的形态学比较

对团头鲂的3个种质资源区(梁子湖、鄱阳湖和淤泥湖)群体的可量性状和可数性状进行了多元统计分析。对可数性状的方差分析结果表明,3个团头鲂群体在侧线鳞数、侧线上鳞数、侧线下鳞数、胸鳍鳍条数以及臀鳍鳍条数上存在显著性差异;以体长作为协变量对可量性状进行的协方差分析显示,3个团头鲂群体在全长、体高、头长、头宽、尾柄长、尾柄高、背前区长和腹鳍前长存在显著性差异。对可量性状建立判别函数以及对可量性状平均值进行聚类分析表明梁子湖团头鲂与鄱阳湖团头鲂在外部形态上更为相似。主成分分析构建了3个主成分,其贡献率分别为39.78%、22.63%和6.53%,累计贡献率为68.95%。多元统计分析显示梁子湖群体和淤泥湖群体之间的形态差异最大,而梁子湖和鄱阳湖的比较相似。通过计算变异系数,根据Mayr等提出的75%规则,认为它们的形态差异是种内不同地理种群的差异。     

内生真菌AL12对茅苍术代谢产物器官分配的影响(英文)

[目的]研究内生真菌孔球孢霉AL12号菌株对茅苍术组培苗生长及其代谢产物器官分配的影响。[方法]将内生真菌AL12与茅苍术组培苗进行共培养,比较感染前后茅苍术叶、根重量差异,检测接种AL12的组培苗中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素以及可溶性糖在叶片和根中的分布,并利用气相色谱分析挥发油组分。[结果]茅苍术与AL12共生后,与对照组相比,其组培苗叶片和根的鲜重和干重均有明显增加,且叶片木质素和可溶性糖含量增加,根部纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、可溶性糖及挥发油含量均有提高。[结论]该研究结果表明与AL12共生有利于茅苍术根部发育且能促使药用成分向根中转移、积累。     

From disorder to order in marching locusts

Recent models from theoretical physics have predicted that mass-migrating animal groups may share group-level properties, irrespective of the type of animals in the group. One key prediction is that as the density of animals in the group increases, a rapid transition occurs from disordered movement of individuals within the group to highly aligned collective motion. Understanding such a transition is crucial to the control of mobile swarming insect pests such as the desert locust. We confirmed the prediction of a rapid transition from disordered to ordered movement and identified a critical density for the onset of coordinated marching in locust nymphs. We also demonstrated a dynamic instability in motion at densities typical of locusts in the field, in which groups can switch direction without external perturbation, potentially facilitating the rapid transfer of directional information.     

Integrating multispectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging for defect detection on apples

This research investigated multispectral imaging to detect various defects on apples. An integrated approach using multispectral imaging in reflectance and fluorescence modes was used to acquire images of three varieties of apples. Eighteen images from a combination of filters ranging from the visible region through the NIR region and from three different imaging modes (reflectance, visible light induced fluorescence, and UV induced fluorescence) were acquired for each apple as a basis for pixel-level classification into normal or disorder tissue. Artificial neural network classification models were developed for two classification schemes, a two-class and a multiple-class. In the two-class scheme, pixels were categorized into normal or disordered tissue, whereas in the multiple-class scheme, pixels were categorized into normal, bitter pit, black rot, decay, soft scald, and superficial scald tissues. A 10-fold cross validation technique was used to assess the performance of the neural network models. The integrated imaging model of reflectance and fluorescence was effective on Honeycrisp variety, whereas single imaging models of reflectance or fluorescence was effective on Redcort and Red Delicious. The technique is promising for accurate recognition of different types of disorder on apple.     

Morphology and local structure in labyrinthine stripe domain phase

Analysis of globally disordered, nonequilibrium "labyrinthine" stripe-domain patterns in thin ferrimagnetic garnet films has revealed a well-defined local structure containing an oblong polygonal plaquette as the fundamental motif. Two types of labyrinths were found: one having topological defects, the other composed of a single, unbranched, meandering line. These patterns emerge when the labyrinthine state is approached either by heating at constant magnetic field or by demagnetizing from saturation at constant temperature. Size and aspect ratios of the oblong polygonal plaquettes prove to be independent of the choice of these two mutually orthogonal trajectories within the phase diagram, which is surprising in view of the different mechanisms and concomitant topological constraints governing the evolution of disorder. The significance of this unique local structure is discussed in the general context of defectmediated melting of two-dimensional stripe phases.