大麦/箭筈豌豆混合日粮对绵羊营养物质消化率和温室气体排放的影响

为研究不同比例箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)日粮对绵羊消化代谢和温室气体排放的影响,本试验选用12只体况良好、体重为(30±1)kg的6月龄杂交代公羊,随机分为2组,分别饲喂不同箭筈豌豆添加水平的日粮。两组饲粮中,大麦(Hordeum vulgare)∶箭筈豌豆比例分别为8∶2和6∶4。预饲期为15 d,正式饲喂实验为6 d,试验羊转入代谢笼内采用全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验。结果表明,2组间干物质采食量及营养物质消化率差异均不显著(P<0.05);6∶4组的单位代谢体重的氧气日消耗量有高于8∶2组的趋势(P=0.083),2组间甲烷、二氧化碳排放量各指标差异不显著(P<0.05)。综上可知,箭筈豌豆添加比例为20%和40%的日粮饲喂绵羊在营养物质消化代谢和温室气体排放的效果基本相同。     

不同种类树叶饲料对林麝日粮养分表观消化率和氮平衡的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类树叶饲料对林麝营养物质表观消化率和氮平衡的影响。选取12头年龄相同、体况良好的雄性林麝[体重（8.0±0.5） kg],随机分为6组。试验采用6×6拉丁方设计,整个试验期为84 d,共分为6期,每期14 d（预试期11 d,正试期3 d）,按照树叶饲料种类分为青皮藤组、桑树叶组、三角枫叶组、榆树叶组、苦楝树叶组及以上树叶等比混合的混合叶组,共6组。结果表明：(1)桑树叶组基础饲粮和树叶采食量与其他组差异不显著（P>0.05）;桑树叶组日粮采食总量显著低于混合树叶组（P<0.05）,但与其他组差异不显著（P>0.05）。(2)日粮粗蛋白（CP）、粗灰分（Ash）、钙（Ca）、碳水化合物（CHO）、总能（GE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）表观消化率以桑树叶组较高（P<0.05）。(3)桑树叶组沉积氮和氮利用率较高（P<0.05）。由此可见,林麝以桑树叶为粗饲料时日粮表观消化率和氮利用率较高。     

不同季节收获的星星草对绵羊采食量和养分消化率的影响

旨在研究不同季节收获的星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)对绵羊采食量及养分消化率的影响。选用平均体重为30.37±2.15kg的乌珠穆沁公羊12只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,分别饲喂四季收获的星星草。试验绵羊采取单笼饲养,预饲期15d,正式试验期7d,自由采食和饮水,采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:绵羊四季采食星星草干物质含量分别为412.42、639.23、741.49和321.30g/d,秋季显著高于春季和冬季的干物质采食量(P<0.05);秋季星星草有机物消化率显著低于其他季节(P<0.05);不同季节的星星草对绵羊的碳、氮采食量均有显著影响(P<0.05),饲喂不同季节星星草的绵羊均处于氮的负平衡状态,分别为-1.12、-0.78、-0.13和-3.16。总之,星星草低的含氮量和采食量是限制星星草饲喂价值的重要因素。     

丙二醇对围产期奶牛日粮养分消化率的影响

选用24头体重(683.1±14.9)kg、胎次(2.5±0.2)、上一泌乳期305 d,产奶量(7 339±18)kg和预产期(24.5±0.2)d的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,从分娩前19 d到分娩后36 d分别在基础日粮中添加丙二醇0、150、300和450 ml/d,研究丙二醇对围产期奶牛采食量和日粮养分消化率的影响,结果表明:奶牛分娩后7、21和35 d干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量显著高于分娩前(-21 d和-14 d),分娩后35 d各养分采食量显著高于分娩后7 d(P<0.05)。从分娩前14 d到分娩后35 d各组奶牛DM、OM和CP消化率呈先降低后升高的趋势,但差异均不显著;而分娩后7、21和35 d日粮NDF和ADF消化率显著低于分娩前(-21 d和-14d)(P<0.05)。日粮添加不同水平的丙二醇对围产期奶牛各养分采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加丙二醇300 ml/d和450 ml/d,显著提高分娩前14 d和分娩后7、21和35 d DM、NDF和ADF消化率,显著提高分娩后7、21和35 d OM消化率,显著提高分娩后7和21 d CP消化率(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明在日粮中添加丙二醇有益于改善围产期奶牛日粮消化率,适宜添加量为300 ml/d。     

不同中性洗涤纤维与非纤维性碳水化合物比值饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响

本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)比值(NDF/NFC)饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响。试验采用4×4完全拉丁方试验设计,将16只杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交羯羊随机分成4组,每组4只,按维持水平饲喂NDF/NFC分别为3.02(饲粮1)、2.32(饲粮2)、1.58(饲粮3)、1.04(饲粮4)的全混合颗粒饲粮(玉米秸秆为粗饲料来源)。试验共进行4期,每期18 d,包括3 d的调整期、7 d的预试期和8 d的正试期,在正试期内测定甲烷产量、饲粮总能和营养物质表观消化率。结果表明:饲粮2的甲烷日排放量显著高于饲粮3和4(43.43 L/d vs.38.88和35.98 L/d;P0.05)。与饲粮1相比,饲粮2和3的每千克干物质采食量(DMI)甲烷排放量显著增加(38.00 L/kg DMI vs.42.24、41.69 L/kg DMI;P0.05),但是饲粮2、3和4之间差异不显著(P0.05)。随着NDF/NFC的降低,每千克可消化有机物(DOM)的甲烷排放量逐渐降低,饲粮4的每千克DOM的甲烷排放量显著低于饲粮1、2和3(58.78 L/kg DOM vs.75.00、73.35和64.11 L/kg DOM;P0.05)。随着NDF/NFC的降低,每千克中性洗涤纤维采食量(NDFI)或酸性洗涤纤维采食量(ADFI)的甲烷排放量逐渐增加,且各饲粮之间差异显著(P0.05)。综上所述,结合各营养物质表观消化率和甲烷排放效率,在维持水平下,采用NDF/NFC为1.04的玉米秸秆饲粮作为肉用绵羊甲烷减排的饲粮最合适。     

玉米秸为粗饲料条件下比较羊驼与绵羊养分表观消化率和瘤胃代谢的差异

本研究在玉米秸为粗饲料条件下,比较羊驼与绵羊对2种精粗比饲粮干物质采食量、养分表观消化率、瘤胃环境和总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量等方面的差异。试验选用1岁左右羊驼[体重(25.8±4.7) kg]与绵羊[体重(28.3±5.8) kg]各4只,试验采用有重复的2×2拉丁方设计,分别饲喂精粗比为5∶5(MS)和7∶3(LS)的饲粮。结果表明:1)羊驼干物质采食量极显著低于绵羊(P<0.01),羊驼对粗脂肪、磷表观消化率极显著高于绵羊(P<0.01);羊驼瘤胃戊酸、异丁酸和异戊酸含量以及pH极显著高于绵羊(P<0.01),而乙酸含量显著低于绵羊(P<0.05);羊驼总嘌呤衍生物、尿酸和尿囊素排出量与绵羊间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。2)羊驼对MS饲粮粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪表观消化率极显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.01),绵羊对MS饲粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.05);羊驼MS饲粮干物质、钙、磷表观消化率极显著低于LS饲粮(P<0.01)。羊驼饲喂MS饲粮瘤胃中pH、异丁酸含量极显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.01),丙酸含量显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.05);绵羊饲喂MS饲粮瘤胃中异丁酸和异戊酸含量极显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.01),丁酸含量极显著低于LS饲粮(P<0.01);羊驼饲喂MS饲粮瘤胃中乙丙比显著低于LS饲粮(P<0.05)。2种动物总嘌呤衍生物和尿囊素排出量在2种饲粮间没有显著差异(P>0.05),羊驼饲喂MS饲粮时尿酸排出量显著高于LS饲粮(P<0.05)。综上所述,在玉米秸为粗饲料条件下,羊驼与绵羊对2种精粗比饲粮干物质采食量、瘤胃环境以及表观消化率和总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量等方面均存在一定的差异。     

蝉花基质的养分含量以及饲粮添加对绵羊瘤胃发酵和消化率的影响

试验探讨蝉花基质的养分含量及饲粮添加蝉花基质对绵羊瘤胃发酵和消化率的影响.采用常规法和色谱法对蝉花基质的一般养分含量及氨基酸组成进行分析.粗精比列80:20日粮中配合精料部分以0、5％、10％、15％和20％的比例替换为蝉花基质饲料进行体外消化试验.探究日粮中添加20％的比例的蝉花基质对绵羊生产性能的影响.结果显示,蝉...     

饲粮NDF/NFC对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量、营养物质表观消化率及生产性能的影响

本试验采用六氟化硫(SF6)示踪技术测定生产条件下泌乳奶牛瘤胃甲烷(CH4)排放量,旨在研究饲粮中性洗涤纤维/非纤维性碳水化合物(NDF/NFC)对泌乳高峰期奶牛甲烷排放量、营养物质表观消化率及生产性能的影响。试验选用体重(564.04±24.97)kg、胎次(1.58±0.23)胎、泌乳天数(88.00±15.32)d、产奶量(20.83±0.77)kg/d的荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分成3组,每组4头。各组饲粮NDF/NFC分别为1.14、1.30、1.55。试验期为24 d,包括14 d预饲期和10 d正试期。结果表明:(1)低NDF组甲烷排放量、甲烷能极显著低于高NDF组(P≤0.01),甲烷/干物质采食量、甲烷能/总能摄入量在3个处理组间有极显著差异(P≤0.01);(2)各营养物质的表观消化率在3组间无显著差异(P> 0.05);(3)低NDF组日增重显著高于高NDF组(P <0.05)。综上,在不影响奶牛健康和生产性能的前提下,NDF/NFC为1.14的低NDF组饲粮能显著降低泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放量。     

不同季节虎尾草对绵羊采食量和养分消化率的影响

研究不同季节草地牧草的饲喂价值动态变化规律,对于改善和调控家畜的营养状况具有重要的意义。虎尾草（Chloris virgata）作为松嫩草地一种耐旱、耐盐碱的优势饲草,是放牧家畜重要的饲草来源。但目前有关虎尾草的饲喂价值数据有限。因此,本试验选择乌珠穆沁公羊12只,平均体重为27.37±2.20 kg,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复。分别饲喂春、夏、秋、冬四季的虎尾草干草,试验绵羊采取单笼饲养,采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验。结果表明,春、夏、秋、冬四季绵羊每公斤代谢体重虎尾草干物质采食量分别为73.48,30.01,29.80和34.33 g·kg^-1LW^0.75,春季显著高于其他季节（P<0.05）;不同季节的虎尾草对绵羊干物质消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、以及碳、氮采食和排泄均有显著影响（P<0.05）,表现为春季最高,并且春季氮代谢处于正平衡,氮的摄入量可以满足部分增重的需要。     

Minimum length of the adaptation and collection period in digestibility trials with sheep fed ad libitum only forage or forage plus concentrate

Two in vivo digestibility trials with sheep were conducted to identify the minimum period length of feeding a new diet to obtain reproducible values of nutritional variables onward and the minimum length of collection period as to obtain maximal precision for each variable. Trial 1 was conducted with ten Polwarth male sheep (34 ± 5 kg body weight (BW)) throughout three 21‐day periods, in a completely randomized two‐way crossover design. The animals were divided into two groups (Group A and B, n = 5 per group) which were fed ad libitum with a sequence of the following diets throughout the periods: Group A: hay – hay plus concentrate – hay; Group B: hay plus concentrate – hay – hay plus concentrate. The concentrate was included in a proportion of 0.33 of the total diet. The intake, and the faecal and urinary excretion were measured daily throughout the experiment. For evaluating rumen fermentation variables, in Trial 2 four Santa Inês male sheep (65 ± 5 kg BW) fitted with ruminal cannula were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 2 per group), and the trial was conducted through four 21 days experimental period, in a three‐way crossover design, using experimental diets and feeding management similar to Trial 1. The results indicated that, even though no clear or consistent steady‐state condition was identified for rumen fermentation or urinary excretion variables, the adaptation period for measuring OM digestibility in in vivo trials with sheep fed ad libitum where the diet shifts from one of only hay to another containing concentrate, or vice‐versa, should be at least 12 days long. Moreover, although no precision improvement was obtained by increasing the collection period above 1 day for measuring OM digestibility, the minimal length of collection period should be 4 days for measuring faecal excretion variables and 7 days for measuring urinary excretion variables.     

日粮不同NDF/NFC水平对周岁后荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、营养物质消化率、瘤胃发酵特征和甲烷排放的影响

本试验研究了日粮中不同中性洗涤纤维/非纤维性碳水化合物（NDF/NFC）水平对周岁后荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、营养物质消化率、瘤胃发酵特征及甲烷产量的影响,并在此基础上建立了甲烷排放预测模型,旨在获得我国生产模型下的甲烷排放规律和甲烷转化因子,为提高奶牛能量利用效率、建立国家或区域性温室气体排放清单和探索减排策略提供科学依据和支撑。将45头体况良好,平均为15月龄的荷斯坦后备奶牛随机分为3组,每组15头牛：低日粮NDF/NFC组（NDF/NFC=0.60）、中日粮NDF/NFC组（NDF/NFC=0.75）和高日粮NDF/NFC组（NDF/NFC=0.90）,试验期为70 d,包括14 d的预饲期和56 d的正试期。结果表明：1）提高日粮NDF/NFC水平显著降低了奶牛的干物质采食量、有机物采食量、平均日增重、干物质和粗蛋白的表观消化率（P<0.05）;2）提高日粮NDF/NFC水平显著增加了瘤胃内总挥发性脂肪酸产量、乙酸的相对含量和乙酸/丙酸比例（P<0.05）,显著降低了丙酸的相对含量（P<0.05）;3）随着日粮NDF/NFC水平的提高,瘤胃甲烷和甲烷能产量、甲烷/代谢体重、甲烷/干物质采食量、甲烷/有机物采食量、甲烷/中性洗涤纤维采食量显著提高（P<0.05）。甲烷转化因子也随着日粮NDF/NFC水平的增加而显著提高（P<0.05）;4）基于体重、采食量、营养物质含量和NDF/NFC分别建立了甲烷预测模型,其中基于干物质采食量和中性洗涤纤维采食量建立的预测模型的决定系数最高（R²=0.77）。因此,提高日粮中NDF/NFC水平可显著降低周岁后荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能、营养物质消化率和瘤胃内丙酸的相对含量,可显著提高瘤胃甲烷产量和甲烷转化因子。     

Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake,nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding Atriplex halimus (AH) silage treated with two developed enzyme cocktails to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The AH silage was treated without or with 2 L of ZAD1^® or ZAD2^®/1000 kg with 5% molasses and ensiled for 30 days. Barley grain (300 g/head/day) was fed as an energy supplement once daily at 10.00 hours and AH silage with or without enzyme treatment was offered ad libitum to animals twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours. Sheep were fed on four experimental forage diets comprised of AH silage and barley (D1), AH silage treated with ZAD1^® and barley (D2), AH silage treated with ZAD2^® and barley (D3) and AH silage treated with a combination of ZAD1^® and ZAD2^® (1:1) and barley (D4). Ensiling AH with enzymes reduced its contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The dry matter intake of AH of D2, D3 and D4 decreased (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. However, enzyme‐treated diets had greater total digestible nutrients intake (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. The nutrients digestibility for D2, D3 and D4 were higher than those for D1 (P < 0.001), and were higher for D3 as compared to both D2 and D4. Sheep fed on D3 had highest (P < 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein yield. It could be concluded that AH silage treated with ZAD1^® or ZAD2^® improved digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep.     

Effects of a selection of additives on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and in situ and in vivo NDF digestibility

The effects of 18 essential oils, yeast, Quebracho tannin and Quillaja saponin on ruminal methane and gas production (GP) were studied in vitro. A lactating cow diet was incubated with rumen inoculum. Doses of the additives (mg/L) were: essential oils = 500; tannin = 67; yeast = 8.35 and 16.7; and saponin = 300. Lemongrass, estragole, eugenol, geraniol, limonen, thyme oil and thymol produced less gas (overall mean 33.8 mL/200 mg dry matter (DM)) than control (43.6 mL/200 mg DM; P < 0.001). Methane produced (mL/200 mg DM) by guaiacol (10.7), lemongrass (9.6), limonene (11.4), thyme oil (10.9) and thymol (2.1) was lower than control (12.5) (P < 0.001). Methane percentage on total GP was lower (P < 0.001) for cinnamic alcohol (25.4), guaiacol (24.5), thymol (19.7) and vanillin (26.3) than control (28.8). In a second experiment, thymol, guaiacol and yeast were added to the diet of dry fistulated cows to determine in situ neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of six forages and in vivo dietary NDFD. Thymol and yeast decreased in situ NDFD after 24 h (33.9% and 33.5% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.008). Thymol decreased in vivo total tract NDFD (40.8% vs. 51.4%; P = 0.02). Differences in GP and methane levels were registered within classes of additives. A careful selection of additives may allow for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation.     

Theoretical turnover rate of the rumen liquid fraction in dairy cows and its relationship to feed intake,rumen fermentation,and milk production

Ruminant animals are able to convert plant materials (grain and the human‐indigestible portion of carbohydrates) to milk and meat. In this conversion, most of the plant materials are digested by rumen fermentation and are changed to short‐chain fatty acids, microbial cells, and methane, which is released into the atmosphere. The relationships among feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production are poorly understood. Here we report a novel indicator of characteristics of rumen fermentation, theoretical turnover rate (TTOR) of the rumen liquid fraction. The TTOR was calculated from the presumed rumen volume (PRV) which is estimated by dividing the methane yield by the methane concentration of rumen fluid. The formula for the TTOR is: TTOR = PRV/body weight^0.75. Our present analyses confirm that the TTOR as an indicator is capable of connecting feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production, because dry matter intake/TTOR showed a strong correlation with milk yield/TTOR. In addition, the TTOR may be related to ruminal pH, as we observed that the ruminal pH decreased as the TTOR increased. We propose that the TTOR is a factor characterizing rumen fermentation and a good indicator of the productivity of ruminants and dysbiosis of the rumen microbiome.     

饲料油菜FTMR的羔羊强度育肥效果研究

为研究饲料油菜发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的羔羊强度育肥效果,本试验选取2.5月龄的湖羊40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,公母各半。试验组饲喂以油菜为主原料配制的FTMR日粮,对照组饲喂以青贮玉米为主原料配制的TMR日粮。预试期15d后称初试体重,正式期90d,每15d称重,记录采食量,计算平均日增重。结果表明:湖羊母羊采食量、体重和日增重在两种日粮间无显著差异(P>0.05);而试验组公羊采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),75d后体重和日增重都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。根据日增重、采食量、饲料成本、活羊价格计算育肥收益,油菜FTMR日粮育肥湖羊公羊和母羊的收益都高于对照组。因此,饲料油菜FTMR日粮用于羔羊强度育肥效果较好。     

不同类型藏羊消化率与采食量的比较研究

采食量是放牧家畜生产性能的重要影响因素,在草地生态系统中起重要作用。夏季在甘南夏河分别选取不同生理类群(羔羊、1岁母羊、2岁母羊、3岁母羊、4岁母羊、羯羊和种公羊)的欧拉型、甘加型和乔科型藏羊各4只进行试验。采用二氧化钛指示剂法与粪氮指数法分别测定藏羊排粪量和牧草有机物质消化率,从而计算放牧采食量,并对特征间的相关性进行研究。结果表明:欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊的平均放牧采食量分别为1031.93、834.59和956.15 g·d^-1,乔科型藏羊放牧采食量显著(P<0.05)小于欧拉型和甘加型藏羊。3个类型藏羊的每kg代谢体重采食量和干物质采食量占体重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊对夏河天然草地牧草的平均有机物质消化率分别为50.79%、47.22%和55.58%。欧拉型、乔科型和甘加型藏羊的平均排粪量分别为561.26、484.06和466.74 g·d^-1,其中欧拉型藏羊的排粪量显著高于其他两个类型。试验在高寒地区天然草地研究不同类型藏羊的排粪量、有机物质消化率和放牧采食量,旨在为该地区放牧藏羊的科学饲养与管理提供理论依据。     

The effects of protein sources supplemented with urea-treated potato pulp (PP) silage and feeding levels of the PP silage-based concentrate on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in beef steers

Six Japanese Black (Wagyu) steers (average initial weight 467 ± 45 kg) fitted with a ruminal cannula were used in a split‐plot design experiment comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole‐plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole‐plot treatments were three different feeding levels of urea‐treated potato pulp (PP) silage‐based concentrate: 1.00%, 1.75% and 2.50% of body weight (BW) (on a dry matter (DM) basis). The subplot treatments consisted of the concentrate formulated to contain either soybean meal (SBM) as a rapidly rumen‐degraded protein source or corn gluten meal (CGM) as a slowly degraded protein source. Dry matter intake tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for CGM (8.9 kg/day) than for SBM (9.4 kg/day). Protein sources had no significant effect on digestibility and in situ degradation. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH₃‐N) was lower (P = 0.033) for CGM (7.5 mg/dL) than for SBM (9.5 mg/dL). Protein sources did not affect ruminal pH and the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. The molar proportions of ruminal acetate and valerate were higher (P = 0.032) for CGM than for SBM. The maximum daily intake of the PP silage‐based concentrate expressed as a percentage of BW was approximately 1.4% of BW. Dry matter intake was higher (P = 0.046) for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.75% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate had no effect on DM and nutrients digestibility, except for crude protein (CP) digestibility. CP digestibility tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for steers fed at 1.75% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.0% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate also did not affect the in situ degradation parameter of hay and PP silage. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not affect ruminal pH, NH₃‐N and total VFA concentrations. The molar proportion of acetate was highest for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the concentrate. In conclusion, in the urea‐treated PP silage‐based concentrate, CGM seems to be more effective than SBM for stabilizing the ruminal NH₃‐N concentration and to be advantageous for fiber digestion in the rumen. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not change the amount of VFA production in the rumen and the DM digestibility.     

北京地区施硫肥对苜蓿品质及消化率的影响

在北京潮土地区施硫肥(S)显著提高了苜蓿粗蛋白和粗灰分含量,降低了粗纤维含量.苜蓿植株体内的S含量从0.19%提高到0.33%左右,增幅达50%～70%;同时施硫肥还提高了K的含量,但降低了P和Na的含量,显著降低了N∶S.植株体内的S 含量只与N、K含量高度正相关.施硫肥显著提高了含硫氨基酸(半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸)的含量;另外,还显著提高了第1,2茬的苏氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸的含量,对其他氨基酸含量的影响不一致.除谷氨酸和缬氨酸外,含硫氨基酸与其他氨基酸含量间均呈显著或极显著负相关.施硫肥还显著提高了干物质和有机质的消化率,而对粗蛋白的消化率影响不显著;干物质与有机质消化率与纤维素含量呈高度负相关,而与粗蛋白和粗灰分含量高度正相关.第1～3茬苜蓿适宜的含硫量范围分别为0.23%～0.38%,0.28%～0.37%和0.28%～0.38%,适宜的N∶S为(9.0～12.8)∶1.2种施硫肥的当年利用效率为87.5%和54.7%.     

Effect of changing forage on the dynamic variation in rumen fermentation in sheep

To better understand rumen adaptation during dietary transitions between high‐ and low‐quality forages, 10 rumen‐cannulated Hu sheep were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments (five sheep each) with the same concentrate‐to‐forage ratio and concentration mixture, but different forage sequences: (i) alfalfa hay (AH) to corn stover (CS) and back to AH; and (ii) CS to AH and back to CS. A significant decrease in the rumen microbial protein concentration was observed on day 6 after dietary transition whether the transition was from AH to CS or from CS to AH, and this was accompanied by an increase in the ammonia nitrogen concentration as well as a decrease in the total volatile fatty acids concentration and pH. However, after transitioning back to the original forage, the rumen fermentation parameters returned to their initial levels within 2 weeks. Our findings suggest that abrupt substitutions of forages with large nutrient differences could influence rumen function to some extent, but recovery can occur within 2 weeks without detrimental effects. Furthermore, we speculate that the variation of fermentation in the first 6 days may indicate an important rumen transition stage that requires further study.