日粮能量水平对湖羊瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响

本试验旨在探究不同能量水平对湖羊瘤胃发酵特性和微生物组成的影响。选取湖羊公羊48只（体重为（17.77±1.15） kg）随机分为2组：1）对照组（C组）,代谢能ME=8.83 MJ·kg^-1;2）高能组（H组）,ME=10.84 MJ·kg^-1。每组6个重复,每个重复4只羊。试验期105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后,采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵参数,同时对微生物细菌V3-V4区进行16S rRNA高通量测序以检测瘤胃微生物组成。结果显示：1） H组和C组在瘤胃pH、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸及乙丙比、氨态氮和微生物菌体蛋白浓度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2）物种多样性结果显示,H组的Chao 1、Observed species、PD whole tree和Shannon指数均显著低于C组（P<0.05）;3）物种注释发现,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）占比最高,但两者的相对丰度在H组和C组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,H组的瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）和厌氧弧菌属（Anaerovibrio）相对丰度均显著高于C组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下,提高日粮能量水平对瘤胃发酵特性影响不显著,但是会降低瘤胃微生物的丰富度和均匀度,并改变部分菌属的相对丰度。     

饲粮中全株饲料桑比例对育肥湖羊屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃组织形态和瘤胃微生物组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中全株饲料桑比例对育肥湖羊屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃组织形态和瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选取54只健康状况良好的3月龄湖羊公羔[初始体重为(25.02±1.81) kg],随机分为3个组,每个组设18个重复,每个重复1只湖羊公羔。3组试验羊分别饲喂全株饲料桑比例为0(CON组)、4%(MUL4组)和8%(MUL8组)的试验饲粮。试验期共70 d,其中预试期7 d和正试期63 d。结果显示：1)GR值随着饲粮中全株饲料桑比例的增加呈一次线性增加(P<0.05),其中MUL8组显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。MUL8组瘤胃重显著高于CON组和MUL4组(P<0.05)。各组之间宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、肝脏重、脾脏重和眼肌面积均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)MUL8组背最长肌的pH_{45 min}显著降低于CON组(P<0.05),而各组之间背最长肌的pH_{24 h}无显著差异(P>0.05)。屠宰后45 min和24 h的背最长肌红度(a^*)值MUL8组显著高于CON组(P<...     

饲粮蛋白水平对断奶犊牛生长性能、血清指标、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白水平对安格斯犊牛生长性能、血清免疫指标、抗氧化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及微生物区系组成的影响。试验选取健康状况良好、体重相近的90日龄断奶犊牛18头,随机分为3组（公、母各半）,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。各试验组犊牛分别饲喂高蛋白（蛋白19.65%、综合净能5.74 MJ/kg,T组）、中蛋白（蛋白18.60%、综合净能5.62 MJ/kg,S组）、低蛋白（蛋白17.76%、综合净能5.40 MJ/kg,F组）3种营养水平的饲粮。试验期100 d。结果显示,高蛋白水平饲粮可显著提高犊牛120日龄、180日龄体重和平均日增重（P<0.05）。与S组相比,T组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著提高（P<0.05）,肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)含量显著减少（P<0.05）。T组犊牛瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸和戊酸含量增加（P<0.05）;T组瘤胃菌群多样性指数显著提高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidete...     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对育肥牦牛生产性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响

为研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对育肥牦牛生产性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响,选取2.5岁左右、健康且体重相近[（190.88±5.97）kg]的公牦牛12头,随机平均分成2组,分别饲喂饲粮粗蛋白质水平为13.53%(D组)和16.20%(G组)的饲粮。预饲期15 d,正饲期120 d。结果表明：（1）与G组相比,D组牦牛的总增重和平均日增重分别增加了7.03%和6.94%(P <0.05);牦牛宰前活重、胴体重和屠宰率在两组之间差异不显著（P> 0.05）。（2）两组之间微生物的α多样性无显著差异（P> 0.05）。（3）在门水平上,相对丰度大于1%的菌门有拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和螺旋体门（Spirochaetota）,在两组之间无显著差异（P> 0.05）。（4）在属水平上,微生物相对丰度>1%的优势菌属有16个,其中Prevotella、norank＿f＿＿F082和Rikenellaceae＿RC9＿gut＿group的相对丰度大于10%;Rikenellaceae＿RC...     

日粮甜菜碱和过瘤胃脂肪对育肥湖羊生长性能和消化参数的影响

选取48只3月龄湖羊公羔,随机分为6个处理组、每个处理组8个重复,每个重复1只羊,试验过渡期10d、预试期7d、试验期50d。采用2×3双因素试验,即两个RPF添加浓度(0和2.4%),3个Bet水平(0、4和8g·d-1)。旨在研究添加甜菜碱(betaine,Bet)和过瘤胃脂肪(rumen protected fat,RPF)对育肥湖羊生长性能、血液参数和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果表明,1)添加2.4%的RPF能显著降低湖羊日增重、采食量和末体重(P0.05),显著提高血浆中胆固醇(TCH)和甘油三酯(TG)含量(P0.05),对血浆中的葡萄糖(Glu)含量无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加Bet对育肥湖羊生长性能和血液指标无显著影响(P0.05)。二者交互对育肥湖羊生长性能和血液指标无显著作用(P0.05)。2)添加2.4%的RPF能显著降低饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率(P0.05),对干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和粗蛋白(CP)消化率无显著影响(P0.05),对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度及比例无显著影响(P0.05);日粮添加Bet对养分消化率和瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度及比例无显著影响(P0.05)。二者互作对瘤胃发酵和养分消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。综上可知,在本研究条件下,甜菜碱对湖羊无调控作用,RPF主要通过降低湖羊采食量及纤维消化率影响生产性能。实际生产中,若以羊肉产量为目标不宜添加2.4%RPF。     

饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响

为评价日粮粗饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选择60日龄健康湖羊公羔(22.9±1.2) kg 120只,根据体重相近原则随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊,分别以玉米秸秆(CS)、玉米芯(CC)、葵花籽壳(SH)和油菜秸秆(RS)作为粗饲料来源,添加比例均为20%,4组精料配比一致,预试期7 d,正试期70 d。在饲喂的49～55 d,每组选择5只羊采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,测定干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮(N)的表观消化率。试验结束后,每组选择15只羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取瘤胃微生物DNA,对瘤胃细菌进行绝对定量。结果显示:1)CS组湖羊干物质采食量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),且末体重和平均日增重显著高于RS组(P<0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)CS和CC组湖羊DM和ADF消化率显著高于RS组(P<0.05),且其OM和NDF消化率显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05);SH组湖羊N消化率显著高于RS组,其ADF消化率与其他3组湖羊差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中白色瘤胃球菌和普雷沃氏菌数量均显著高于RS组(P<0.05),而SH组湖羊瘤胃中两种细菌的数量与其他3组湖羊均无显著差异(P>0.05),CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量均显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05),4组湖羊瘤胃中反刍兽新月单胞菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:相较于葵花籽壳组日粮和油菜秸秆组日粮,玉米秸秆组和玉米芯组日粮不仅可以确保育肥湖羊的生产性能,并且有利于纤维分解菌的生存,可促进纤维素在瘤胃中的降解。     

饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响

为评价日粮粗饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选择60日龄健康湖羊公羔(22.9±1.2) kg 120只,根据体重相近原则随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊,分别以玉米秸秆(CS)、玉米芯(CC)、葵花籽壳(SH)和油菜秸秆(RS)作为粗饲料来源,添加比例均为20%,4组精料配比一致,预试期7 d,正试期70 d。在饲喂的49~55 d,每组选择5只羊采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,测定干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮(N)的表观消化率。试验结束后,每组选择15只羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取瘤胃微生物DNA,对瘤胃细菌进行绝对定量。结果显示:1)CS组湖羊干物质采食量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),且末体重和平均日增重显著高于RS组(P<0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)CS和CC组湖羊DM和ADF消化率显著高于RS组(P<0.05),且其OM和NDF消化率显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05);SH组湖羊N消化率显著高于RS组,其ADF消化率与其他3组湖羊差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中白色瘤胃球菌和普雷沃氏菌数量均显著高于RS组(P<0.05),而SH组湖羊瘤胃中两种细菌的数量与其他3组湖羊均无显著差异(P>0.05),CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量均显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05),4组湖羊瘤胃中反刍兽新月单胞菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:相较于葵花籽壳组日粮和油菜秸秆组日粮,玉米秸秆组和玉米芯组日粮不仅可以确保育肥湖羊的生产性能,并且有利于纤维分解菌的生存,可促进纤维素在瘤胃中的降解。     

饲喂杂交构树对于湖羊瘤胃微生物群落组成的影响

试验探讨饲喂杂交构树对于湖羊瘤胃微生物群落组成的影响.试验选取105只湖羊,随机分为7组,每组15只羊.对照组湖羊饲喂基础日粮,试验组湖羊分别饲喂添加30％、60％、100％杂交构树干料和青贮杂交构树的日粮.结果显示,对照组和试验组瘤胃细菌主要以拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门细菌为主.在添加青贮杂交构树组以及杂交构树干料添加比例达...     

饲粮大麦粉碎粒度对湖羊瘤胃微生物组成及肌肉脂肪酸的影响

将大麦进行不同粒度粉碎处理改变瘤胃可降解淀粉的含量,研究其对湖羊血常规、瘤胃微生物组成及肌肉脂肪酸的影响.试验选取54只健康3月龄湖羊公羔,随机分为3个处理,分别为大麦经2、3和4 mm的筛片粉碎,每个处理18个重复,每个重复1只羊.整个试验期包括预饲期7 d,正试期63 d和采样期1 d.试验结果表明:1)大麦粉碎处理对湖羊血液的红细胞总数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积、血小板总数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数、嗜中性粒细胞计数和嗜碱性粒细胞计数等血常规指标均无显著影响(P>0.05).2)大麦4 mm粉碎组总菌和溶纤维丁酸弧菌数量显著高于3 mm粉碎组(P<0.05),反刍兽新月形单胞菌数量显著低于2和3 mm粉碎组(P<0.05),产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量显著高于2 mm粉碎组(P<0.05).普雷沃氏菌、白色瘤胃球菌和黄色瘤胃球菌等微生物的数量各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).3)大麦4 mm粉碎组湖羊肌肉中的C10:0、C12:0、C14:0和C14:1含量均显著高于2 mm粉碎组(P<0.05),C18:2n-9t11t和共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)含量显著高于3 mm粉碎组(P<0.05),肌肉中anteiso C15:0、C16:1、C18:2n6t和C18:2n-9c11t的含量随着粉碎粒度的增加有增加的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10).综上,当饲喂湖羊4 mm粉碎大麦的饲粮时,湖羊瘤胃内容物中纤维分解菌数量增加,反刍兽新月形单胞菌数量减少,肌肉脂肪酸中CLA含量增加,因此,4 mm粉碎处理对湖羊瘤胃微生物区系和肌肉脂肪酸CLA合成的影响效果最佳.     

能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物数量的影响

试验旨在探讨能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物数量的影响。选取体况良好、平均体重为（192.66±3.64）kg、3周龄左右的舍饲育肥麦洼公牦牛60头,采用单因素随机区组设计,分为3组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牦牛。饲喂粗蛋白质（CP）水平为14.81%,增重净能（NE_g）分别为4.17（低能量组,LE）、4.48（中能量组,ME）、4.79（高能量组,HE） MJ/kg的3种日粮。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果显示,ME和HE组的平均日增重（ADG）分别为1 099.89和1 019.02 g/d,相对于LE组分别极显著提高了27.26%和17.90%（P < 0.01）,且两组的料重比（F/G）值有显著低于LE组的趋势（P=0.073）,而屠宰率有显著提高的趋势（P=0.092）,但各组的干物质采食量（DMI）和净肉率无显著差异（P > 0.05）;随着日粮能量水平的提高,牦牛瘤胃pH有显著降低的趋势（P=0.064）,且以ME组最低;日粮能量水平的提高,有显著影响瘤胃异丁酸浓度（P=0.063）和乙酸/丙酸（P=0.074）的趋势;ME组的总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）和乙酸浓度均显著高于其余两组（P < 0.05）,而戊酸浓度则随日粮能量水平的提高极显著升高（P < 0.01）。提高日粮能量水平有降低瘤胃黄色瘤胃球菌的相对含量的趋势（P=0.068）,但对白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌没有显著影响（P > 0.05）。在本试验条件下,舍饲育肥牦牛日粮中适宜的NE_g水平为4.48 MJ/kg（日粮DM）。     

Effects of two dietary crude protein levels on finishing performance,meat quality,and gene expression of market lambs

Seventeen crossbred lambs were assigned randomly to low-protein (LP; 8% crude protein [CP]; n = 9) and high-protein (HP; 13% CP; n = 8) diets for 9 weeks. The final body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and average daily gain (ADG) of the HP lambs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the LP lambs; however, gain to feed ratio (G:F) for the LP lambs was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the HP lambs. Hot carcass weight (HCW), adjusted fat thickness, and drip loss of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the HP than LP lambs. In contrast, instrumental color values L*, a*, b*, C*, and hue angle (H) of meat from the LP lambs scored significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the HP lambs. The LD muscle from HP lambs had significantly greater CLA of cis-9 trans-11 isomer (P < 0.05) than the LP lambs. The gene expression of metabolism and meat quality-related genes of LP was significantly higher than HP (P < 0.05). These results suggest that a higher dietary CP level promotes growth performance for finishing lambs, whereas lower dietary CP level is beneficial for meat quality, especially when evaluating color characteristics in the final product.     

Effects of dietary energy on growth performance,carcass characteristics,serum biochemical index,and meat quality of female Hu lambs

This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum biochemical of female Hu lambs. Seventy female Hu lambs (aged 4 months) were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments. Lambs were fed diets with 5 levels of metabolizable energy (ME): 9.17 (E1), 9.59 (E2), 10.00 (E3), 10.41 (E4), and 10.82 MJ/kg (E5). The lambs were adapted to the experimental diets for 10 d and the experiment period lasted for 60 d. Dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio linearly (P < 0.001) increased and decreased (P < 0.001), respectively, with increasing dietary ME levels. Average daily gain (ADG) linearly (P < 0.001) increased with increasing dietary ME levels, with the highest final body weight (P = 0.041) observed in E4 group. Moreover, dietary energy level was associated with linear increases in serum total protein (TP) (P < 0.001), albumin (ALB) (P = 0.017), glucose (GLU) (P = 0.004), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (P = 0.006) concentrations, and it was associated with a quadratic decrease in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration (P = 0.002). Serum ammonia concentration, which was firstly decreased and then increased, was quadratically affected by dietary ME levels (P = 0.013). Compared with E1 group, lambs in E4 group had higher (P < 0.05) live weights, carcass weights, mesenteric fat ratio, non-carcass fat ratio, and larger loin muscle area, but lower (P < 0.05) meat colour a∗ and b∗ values, and lesser (P < 0.05) C17:0, C20:0, C18:1n-9t, C18:3n-3, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but greater (P < 0.05) C18:3n-6 and n-6:n-3 ratios in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue, and lesser (P < 0.05) C17:0, C18:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in the biceps femoris (BF) muscle tissue. The results demonstrated that increasing dietary energy level improved the growth performance and affected carcass traits, serum biochemical indexes, and fatty acid profiles in different muscles of female Hu lambs. For 4-month-old female Hu lambs, the recommended fattening energy level is 10.41 MJ/kg.     

Effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium-methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation,and ruminal bacterial and fatty acid composition in Tan lambs北大核心CSCD

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium methionine(Cr-Met)supplementation on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid composition, and ruminal bacteria abundance in Tan lambs. Forty male Tan lambs [(21.00±1.23) kg body weight, 5 months of age] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 10 lambs in each treatment. The treatments were: a low-concentrate (LC) diet (concentrate:forage, 35:65) without Cr-Met supplementation; a high-concentrate (HC) diet (concentrate:forage, 55:45) without Cr-Met supplementation; groups fed the HC diet with 0.75 or 1.50 g·d-1·lamb-1 Cr-Met (HCM and HCH, respectively). Ruminal fluid was collected on day 65 with an oral stomach tube about 3 h after the morning feed and samples used for fermentation analysis, fatty acid composition determination and bacterial DNA extraction. It was found that: 1) Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate:propionate were greater (P<0.05) with the LC diet whereas microbial crude protein, propionate and valerate proportions were greater (P<0.05) with the HC diet. The acetate:propionate was greater (P<0.05) in the HCM group than in the HC group. 2) For the HC diet, the DNA abundances of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the LC diet, whereas the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica was increased (P<0.05). For lambs fed the HC diet, DNA abundances of B. fibrisolvens stearic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio VA, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and A. lipolytica showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level; However, the DNA abundance of R. flavefaciens showed a linear increase (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the LC group, the concentrations of t11 C18:1, trans C18:1, c9t11 CLA, t10c12 CLA, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 were decreased by the HC diet without Cr-Met supplementation whereas the concentration of C18:0 was increased. There was a linear increase in t11 C18:1 and trans C18:1 with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level in lambs fed the HC diet. The results suggest that the HC diet inhibited the growth of ruminal bacteria involved in the ruminal biohydrogenation process, and the addition of Cr-Met had a potentially positive effect on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesis in body tissue. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance,blood parameters and meat quality in fattening male Hu lambs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters in fattening male Hu lambs. Sixty lambs were fed five iso-protein diets which contained different levels of metabolizable energy in a completely randomized design for 70 days. At the end of study, fifteen lambs were harvested for further study. With the increase in dietary energy level, the daily weight gain and dry matter intake extremely increased (p < .001), and feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (p < .01). The live weight before slaughter (LWBS) and carcass weight had a significant increase (p < .05), non-carcass fat ratio and routine indexes of meat quality had no significant difference. Almost no effect was observed for the amino acid profile except for glycine concentration decreased (p < .05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. The concentrations of C17:0, C18:3n-3 and n-3 PUFA (p < .01) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary energy levels, and the ratio of ∑n-6/∑n-3 (p < .01) increased, whereas the concentrations of C18:1n-9t (p < .05) decreased in LD muscle and C18:1 (p < .01) increased in biceps femoris (BF) muscle. There were no obviously differences for diameter, area and density of muscle fibres. The relative expression of MyHC-IIa and MyHC-IIx decreased significantly (p < .05) in BF muscle, and the relative expression of MyHC-IIa displayed an obviously decreasing trend (p < .10) in LD muscle. These results suggest that increasing the dietary energy level can improve the growth performance and slaughter traits, and influence meat quality and fatty acid profiles in different muscle tissues of fattening male Hu lambs. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing Hu sheep nutritional standards and designing feed formulations.     

不同蛋白日粮对山羊瘤胃环境参数的影响

试验采用4×3拉丁方试验设计,研究豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米酒糟4种不同蛋白质日粮对3只徐淮白山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果表明,4种不同蛋白源日粮对山羊瘤胃内环境有显著的影响,玉米酒糟组pH值最高;豆粕和棉籽粕组氨氮浓度与玉米酒糟组相比差异显著(P<0.05),与菜籽粕组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);4种蛋白源的瘤胃总VFA浓度分别为87.44、66.67、80.63、82.73mmol/l,其中以豆粕组最高,显著高于菜籽粕组(P<0.05),极显著高于棉籽粕组(P<0.01);以棉籽粕组最低,极显著低于其它3组。     

湖羊与澳湖F1代羔羊短期育肥效果的比较

本研究以湖羊和澳湖F1代羔羊(澳洲白绵羊♂ × 湖羊♀)为研究对象,对其生长性能、屠宰性能、体组成和肌肉品质进行比较分析,综合评估湖羊与澳湖F1代羔羊育肥效果.随机选择湖羊和澳湖杂交F1代羔羊各61只,在相同的饲养环境和日粮下进行育肥和性能测定.饲养试验结束后立即屠宰,对试验羊只的生长性能、屠宰性能、体组成和肌肉品质等指标进行系统测定和比较.结果显示,湖羊和澳湖F1羔羊育肥期初始体重(0 d)、末期体重(60 d)无显著差异(P>0.05),全期平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)无显著差异(P>0.05),但在育肥前期(0～20 d)湖羊的ADG极显著高于澳湖F1代羔羊(P<0.01),而在育肥中期(20～40 d)和后期(40～60 d)澳湖F1代羔羊的ADG均显著高于湖羊(P<0.05).澳湖F1代羔羊的胴体胸围、臀围和眼肌面积显著大于湖羊(P<0.05).澳湖F1代羔羊的心脏重、肝脏重、肺脏重及其相对重(宰前活重)均极显著高于湖羊(P<0.01),但皮毛重、肾周脂重、肠系膜重、尾脂重及其相对重(宰前活重)均极显著低于湖羊羔羊(P<0.01).湖羊的熟肉率和屠宰结束后45 min肌肉pH极显著大于澳湖F1代羔羊(P<0.01),但澳湖F1代羔羊肌肉失水率、屠宰结束后24 h肉色b*2值和l*2值极显著优于湖羊(P<0.05).总体上来看,湖羊早期生长发育较快,但澳湖F1代羔羊后期生长潜力较大,且胴体性能优于湖羊,胴体脂肪沉积比湖羊少,肉用性能明显提高.     

开食料中纤维来源对湖羊羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化的影响

为研究四种不同中性洗涤纤维来源的开食料对湖羊羔羊生产性能、采食量及营养物质消化代谢的影响,试验选用初生重(3.47±0.69)kg,日龄相同,健康状况良好的湖羊公羔60只作为试验动物.羔羊0～3日龄吮食母乳,4日龄与母羊分离开始饲喂乳源性代乳粉至28日龄断奶,在7日龄[(3.77±0.46)kg]开始补饲开食料前,采用...     

早期断奶对湖羊羔羊生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

为研究湖羊羔羊28日龄断奶是否可行,本试验选用48只初生重[(3.51±0.57)kg]接近的湖羊公羔,随机均分为2组,分别为早期断奶组(28日龄断奶)和对照组(56日龄断奶)。从7日龄开始补饲开食料,60日龄同时逐渐换生长料。分别在42、56、70、84日龄测定羔羊体重,每组屠宰6只,测定各胃室重量、容积以及各肠段重量、长度。结果表明:1)42、56、70、84日龄2组羔羊体重差异不显著(P0.05),各时间段平均日增重2组差异不显著(P0.05);2)瘤网胃、瓣胃的重量、容积,瘤网胃相对重量(占活体重、胃肠道重、胃重百分比),瘤网胃相对容积(占胃容积百分比)在42、56日龄早期断奶组显著高于对照组(P0.05);3)除70日龄结肠重外,其余各肠段重量、长度在各日龄2组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综合以上各项指标认为,本试验条件下,28日龄断奶可促进湖羊羔羊胃肠道早期发育,28日龄断奶可行。