Prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment of feline open pyometra

Pyometra is not a very common problem in feline practice. When it occurs it often results in sterility in spite of proper medical treatment. Prostaglandins have been used in the treatment of reproductive abnormalities including pyometra in different animal species (Boothe 1984). Therefore it was taken in as a treatment of the pyometra in five breeding cats, where ovariohysterectomy was undesirable.     

犬子宫蓄脓的诊疗

犬的子宫蓄脓即母犬子宫内蓄积大量脓性分泌物并伴有子宫内膜增生性炎症,是母犬在发情间期由于孕酮的长期刺激和细菌感染所引起的子宫腔和子宫内膜疾病。本病在临床上时有发生,根据我院临床统计,本病多发于未经产或经产而屡配不孕的中老年犬、小型犬（如京巴犬、贵宾犬等）,约占此类病例的80％以上。常于发情后2～3月内发病。子宫蓄脓根据子宫颈的开放与否可分为闭锁型和开放型,这两种类型的治疗重点又不尽相同。本文就其中一例闭锁型的典型病例谈谈诊疗体会。     

Intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha for the treatment of metritis and pyometra in the bitch

The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) would be effective for the treatment of metritis or pyometra in the bitch. Seventeen bitches with metritis or pyometra were treated with PGF2 alpha. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (150 micrograms/kg body weight) was administered once or twice daily by infusing 0.3 ml per 10 kg body wt into the vaginal lumen. Bitches were also treated with amoxicillin (15 mg/kg body wt/48 h) and/or gentamicin (4 mg/kg body wt/day) administered as intramuscular (i.m.) injections. Fifteen bitches were treated successfully with intravaginally administered PGF2 alpha for 3 to 12 days and with intramuscularly administered antibiotics for 4 to 12 days. Success of treatment was judged by cessation of vaginal discharge, the absence of fluid in the uterus as determined by ultrasonography, and the overall health status of the animal. As two bitches with pyometra showed clinical deterioration in spite of medical treatment, ovariohysterectomy was performed after the first and the second treatment, respectively. No side effects (salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperpnoea, ataxia, urination, anxiety, pupillary dilatation followed by contraction) were observed after PGF2 alpha treatment. The disease did not recur during the subsequent oestrous cycles within 12 months after the initial treatment. The results demonstrate that intravaginal administration of PGF2 alpha was effective in 13 dogs (86.6%) with metritis or pyometra, and caused no side effects. Although the study was based on a relatively small number of cases, it is concluded that prostaglandin F2 alpha can be a useful means of treating bitches with metritis or pyometra. However, in severe cases of pyometra ovariohysterectomy is needed.     

犬子宫蓄脓继发全身黄染的诊治

近几年来,我们在门诊中先后诊治子宫蓄脓继发急性肝炎、胆囊炎,引起全身黄染的病例8例。8例病例都是生产2胎以上的小型母犬。其中有3例是1年前子宫蓄脓经非手术治疗已经好转,再度复发后继发急性肝炎,胆囊炎的;有5例是首次发生子宫蓄脓,由于没有及时采用彻底排除脓液的方法治疗,     

也谈犬子宫蓄脓症的诊断与治疗

子宫蓄脓(pyometra)指子宫内积有脓液,是发情后期的一种急性或慢性疾病.本病往往涉及多个系统,特征是子宫内膜异常并继发细菌感染.根据子宫颈的开放与否可分为开放型与闭合型.本病多发于成年未经交配、怀孕、结扎(卵巢摘除)的母犬,且以6岁以上的中老龄母犬居多.患犬多在发情后3周～8周内发病.随着年龄的增长,发病率增多.子宫蓄脓是犬生殖系统疾病中危害较大的一种疾病,发生率似有逐年增加的趋势.     

一例犬子宫蓄脓病例

犬子宫蓄脓是指母犬体内激素代谢紊乱、微生物感染引起的子宫内膜增生、炎症,导致子宫内大量蓄脓的疾病,是临床上常见的产科疾病。本文向大家介绍一例子宫蓄脓病例的诊断和手术疗法及治疗体会。     

浅述犬子宫蓄脓的临床诊疗

犬的子宫蓄脓多在发情后月余发病,按子宫颈开放与否可分为闭锁与开放2种类型。文中叙述了该病的临床症状,实验室及特殊检查,诊断和治疗的方法。该病的发生与体内高水平的孕酮、子宫内膜囊泡性增生及子宫组织的抵抗力降低有关。手术摘除子宫卵巢是目前治疗该病最为有效的方法。     

Prostaglandin F2 alpha and prolactin in experimental hypogalactia in sows

Peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha(PGFM), progesterone, prolactin and oestrone were determined in 20 sows for two days before and three weeks after parturition. Groups of four sows each received one of the following five treatments post partum: 30 ml sterile 0.9 per cent saline solution intrauterinely; ovariectomy and 30 ml saline solution intrauterinely; 10 ml Lugol's iodine plus 20 ml saline solution intrauterinely; ovariectomy and 10 ml Lugol's iodine plus 20 ml saline solution intrauterinely, or progesterone (0.5 mg [kg bodyweight]-1 intramuscularly). Saline solution and iodine were administered every 48 hours, starting immediately after parturition, for one week. Ovariectomy was performed within eight hours of delivery. Progesterone was given every third day for 12 days. Piglet weight gains were used as a reflection of milk yield. In all sows, oestrone values were elevated before parturition, but fell by the end of delivery and were very low during lactation. PGFM concentrations rose during the last two days of pregnancy to reach maximal values at the time of delivery. Plasma progesterone levels declined concomitantly with the rise in PGFM values before parturition. Basal values of progesterone were achieved within 24 hours after delivery in control sows receiving saline treatment. Progesterone values fell immediately after ovariectomy in sows receiving saline or iodine treatment but were slightly elevated for one week in sows that received only intrauterine iodine treatment, suggesting that complete regression of corpora lutea is prevented by suppression of post parturient uterine prostaglandin production. Sows injected with progesterone maintained plasma values of about 5 to 15 nmol litre-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

犬子宫蓄脓症的研究进展

犬子宫蓄脓症是犬发情后期的一种急性或慢性疾病,多发于成年母犬,是宠物门诊常见的疾病之一.本文对子宫蓄脓的临床类型、病因、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

Surgical uterine drainage and lavage as treatment for canine pyometra

Pyometra is a common post-oestral syndrome in bitches. Classical treatment consists of either ovariohystorectomy or medical intervention. Surgical uterine drainage and lavage via direct trans-cervical catheterisation using a 5% povidone-iodine in saline solution was performed successfully in 8 bitches with pyometra. All bitches conceived and whelped without complications subsequent to this treatment. It is concluded that this method offers an effective alternative treatment for canine pyometra with shorter recovery times as well as good clinical recovery and pregnancy rates in bitches destined for further breeding.     

Use of low dose prostaglandin for the treatment of canine pyometra

Ten bitches with pyometra were treated with prostaglandin F_2α at a dose of 20 μg/kg bodyweight three times daily on consecutive days. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and radiographic findings. Venous blood samples were collected for haematology and measurement of plasma progesterone levels. The response to treatment was monitored by repeated ultrasonic examinations. The treatment was continued for up to eight days. Seven out of 10 bitches responded well to treatment. The remaining three bitches underwent ovariohysterectomy and a cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was diagnosed histologically. The results indicated that prostaglandin F_2α used at the low dose is sufficient for medical treatment of certain cases of pyometra. The treatment seems to be most effective in bitches without obvious hormonal imbalance. The aetiology of pyometra is discussed.     

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) independent and dependent regulation of the bovine luteal endothelin system

We have examined the genes of the endothelin system that are targets for regulation by prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). The effects of a luteolytic dose of PGF2alpha ) on the mRNA encoding endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), pre-pro endothelin-1 (pp ET-1) and the ET receptors ETA, ETB, in bovine corpus luteum (CL) during the early (days 1 and 4), mid (day 10) or late (day 17) luteal phases were examined. The effect of the PGF(2alpha) treatment on ECE-1 protein, Big ET-1 and the biologically active mature ET-1 peptide were also examined. Most importantly, the direct ECE-1 activity was determined. Before day 10 of the cycle, in a PGF2alpha-independent manner, the amounts of mRNA encoding ET-1, ECE-1, ETA, and ETB were increased steadily from day 1. After day 10 of the cycle, expression of mRNA encoding pp ET-1 and ETA acquired responsiveness to exogenous PGF2alpha and both genes were up-regulated by the PGF2alpha treatment. This effect of PGF2alpha was also detected for the proteins corresponding to the mature ET-1. The enzymatic activity of ECE-1 remained unchanged throughout the lifespan of the CL in spite of the detected changes in mRNA and protein. The results suggest that the luteal endothelin system is regulated in a PGF2alpha-independent and -dependent manner. Importantly, an alteration in luteal ET-1 availability is most likely achieved by modulating the expression of mRNA encoding pp ET-1 and not by the amount or activity of ECE-1. This interpretation is supported by the observation that the activity of ECE-1 remained unchanged throughout the ovarian cycle. The combined effects of greater ET-1 availability and gene expression encoding the ETA receptor in the late luteal phase could render the CL, at this developmental stage, more sensitive or responsive to ET-1. If the luteal tissue is responsive to the available ET-1 during the early phase of the ovarian cycle, an additional role for ET-1 should be considered beyond mediating the luteolytic actions of PGF2alpha. Agents blocking the actions of ET-1 might be the best approach to interfere with the luteal ET system and test its physiological role(s) in vivo.     

Laboratory diagnosis of canine pyometra.

The principal laboratory test used to confirm the pyometra diagnosis in the bitch has been the determination of the total white blood cell count in venous blood. A marked elevation is known to be a characteristic of the disease.In the present study, the white blood cell count was determined as well as the γ-globulin level. An elevation of the γ-globulin level and the total white blood cell count was very characteristic to the pyometra patients. The increase in the number of white blood cells nor the high γ-globulin level cannot be regarded specific for pyometra, therefore it was regarded important to find out a more specific test for pyometra.When sonicated E. coli bacteria were tested against sera from pyometra patients in electroimmunodiffusion, the precipitation was almost always detected when E. coli had been isolated from the uterus. This technique provides a quick method in detecting the causative E. coli infection.The present study suggests that whenever laboratory tests are used to confirm the pyometra diagnosis by the total white blood cell count, it is advantageous to analyze the total γ-globulin level in the serum as well as specific antibodies against a common E. coli antigen.Because of the reliability of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test and the simple technique, this can be suggested as the method of choice for an average small animal practice.     

Prostaglandin F2alpha release associated with an embryo transfer procedure in the mare

The pattern of the main metabolite of prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha was recorded following a nonsurgical embryo transfer technique in 9 mares under field conditions in Estonia. Three patterns were observed. Two of them were characterised by PG release, thereas the third was not. A tendency towards a shortened cycle was seen in 3 mares. Observations were made regarding the manipulation of the uterus as being normal or difficult to perform. In general, mares where the procedure was considered difficult were also found to have a PG release.     

犬子宫蓄脓的病因学及病理变化特征

子宫蓄脓的发生与病犬的年龄、血清中的孕酮水平、细菌感染、孕酮与雌激素受体及多种细胞因子有关。以6岁以上犬多发,大肠杆菌为常见感染菌,子宫内膜囊性增生是发情后期发生的。子宫蓄脓是由血液中孕酮水平升高,在雌激素的协同作用下,继发细菌感染引起的。除引起生殖系统器官的损害外,还包括肾脏、肝脏和骨髓等器官,严重病例可能发生毒血症、败血症。多数病犬出现幼稚型嗜中性白细胞增多症[1],WBC总数可升高到2×104~105个/μL[1]。该病的严重程度与子宫颈的开放与否、发情周期所处阶段、子宫内细菌感染的存在与否、疾病的持续时间、生殖道及生殖系统外的损害程度等因素有关。     

Treatment of pyometra in cats, using prostaglandin F2 alpha: 21 cases (1982-1990).

Treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was evaluated in 21 queens with open-cervix pyometra. The PGF2 alpha was administered (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 to 24 h) for 3 or 5 days. Transient postinjection reactions caused by PGF2 alpha administration included vocalization, panting, restlessness, grooming, tenesmus, salivation, diarrhea, kneading, mydriasis, emesis, urination, and lordosis. Reactions began as quickly as 30 seconds after PGF2 alpha administration and lasted as long as 60 minutes. All queens improved clinically after PGF2 alpha treatment. One month after completion of the initial series, 1 queen required a second series of PGF2 alpha injections before pyometra resolved. Of 21 queens, 20 (95%) resumed normal estrous cycles without further treatment and 17 (81%) delivered normal litter(s). Use of PGF2 alpha is an acceptable treatment for open-cervix pyometra in queens.     

Prostaglandin concentrations in uterine fluid of cows with pyometra.

Uterine fluid was obtained from eight clinical cases of pyometra with retained corpus luteum and nine additional samples of fluid were collected from animals slaughtered at an abattoir. These samples, along with uterine flushes from normal cows in their luteal phase were analyzed for prostaglandin of the F (PGF) and E (PGE) groups. Blood samples were also obtained from the clinical cases for analysis of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF (PGFM) the major metabolite of PGF. Pyometrial exudate from clinical cases of abattoir samples had high concentrations of PGF (17.9 ng/mL) and PGE (33.2 ng/mL) and the total amount of PGF and PGE in the uterus was calculated to be several hundred times as great as in normal cows. Furthermore, clinical cases had elevated PGFM in their blood compared to that of controls, which suggests that at least some of the PGF was being absorbed from the uterus. These results are discussed in light of our current understanding of the maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle.