八公山森林公园野生药用植物资源调查

通过对淮南市八公山森林公园植物物种的调查,结果表明：公山森林公园植物资源丰富,现有植物127种,分布于65科,109属。其中蕨类植物6种,占物种总数的4．72％;裸子植物11种,占物种总数的8．66％;被子植物110种,占物种总数的86．61％;药用植物74种,占物种总数的58．27％。根据药用植物资源现状,对其利用和保护提出了一些建议。     

生物多样性 人类健康的保护神

<正>生物多样性在人类的健康与药物应用中占有重要的地位。人类使用的大部分药物来源于植物、动物和微生物。发展中国家保证人口基本健康的传统药物有80%依赖于植物或动物,即使在西方一些发达国家,使用的药物中也有40%含有野生植物中发现的成分。我国从神农尝百草开始,利用野生动植物入药已经有数千年的历史,多年来有记载的药用植物就有5000种,其中1700种为常用药物。世界上各民族也有利用天然动植物来治疗疾病的经历,例如东部非洲的Maasai     

林区药用植物资源及其开发

林区药用植物资源及其开发龙作义，殷霈瑶，邹威（黑龙江省牡丹江林业管理局科学研究所）随着科学技术的进步和生物科学的迅速发展，开发利用自然植物资源，用于人类生命保护、控制疾病、促进人类健康，正在成为当代科学上的主要动态之一。黑龙江省林区的二次开发正是利用...     

黑龙江省森林植物园药用植物园林应用现状调查

采用标本采集、分类鉴定、资料考证和实地调研等方法对黑龙江省森林植物园药用植物资源进行了系统调查,以期为药用植物在北方园林应用中的推广提供参考。调查结果表明：黑龙江省森林植物园现有药用植物165种,分别隶属于55科122属,其中药用植物的观赏部位仍以观花为主,占被调查植物的77％。夏季开花的药用植物最多,有78种,占被调查植物的47％,春季和秋季开花的植物分别占被调查植物的22％和31％。在花色调查中,复色花卉占被调查植物的29％,单色花卉中的冷色系花卉应用较少,如蓝色系花卉仅占8％。     

新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州常见民族药用植物资源

为开发与保护新疆博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州民族药用植物,对新疆博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州及其周边地区的民族药用植物资源进行了物种考察,并根据药用植物的主要形态特征进行物种鉴定。通过介绍16种常用民族药用植物的资源分布、化学成分、药理作用以及国内外研究进展,并分析研究中存在的问题,对新疆博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州民族药用植物资源的综合开发利用具有一定指导意义。     

邵武将石省级自然保护区药用植物资源调查与分析

通过野外实地调查并结合文献资料分析邵武将石省级自然保护区内药用植物资源的现状、种类、区系分布等信息,结果表明：（1）保护区分布有药用植物136科350属528种,其中物种数最多的是豆科（Fabaceae）和菊科（Asteraceae）,均有28种,占总物种数的5.30%。（2）药用植物的种对于科的分布存在集聚现象,大型科仅9科,却在种的水平上分布了175种,占比高达33.14%。（3）保护区内药用植物的生活型以草本为主,占比超过50%。（4）药用植物属的区系分布以泛热带成分为主,其次是北温带成分。入药部位主要为全草类、多部位可入药类、根和根茎类。（5）被2020年版《中国药典》一部收载的药材基原植物有49科81属85种,表明保护区内药用植物资源较为丰富。分析数据可作为保护和开发利用保护区野生药用植物资源的依据。     

四川省野生植物资源的开发与保护

四川省野生植物资源的开发与保护龚固堂（四川省林业科学研究院）植物资源是指一切有利用价值的植物。人类对自然资源的利用，以植物资源的利用历史最为古老，尤其是食用和药用植物的利用，在世界各地区各民族中都有其悠久的历史和古老的传统。早在１８９５年，美国学者Ｊ...     

《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的基诺族药用植物多样性相关传统知识研究

作为云南省世居少数民族之一,基诺族在长期实践过程中,形成了丰富的传统医药知识,研究基诺族的药用植物传统知识可以为我国更好地探索生物多样性保护道路,达成《昆蒙框架》提供帮助。本研究选取云南省景洪市基诺山基诺族乡作为研究地点,采用文献查阅、走访调研、田野调查和编目分析的研究方法,对基诺族药用植物资源与传统知识之间的关系进行研究。结果显示：(1)基诺族常用药用植物292种,隶属101科247属,其中优势科均为典型的热带、亚热带植物,常用药用部位利用率最高的为根及根茎、全草和叶类,且主要用于治疗消化系统疾病、跌打损伤等外因疾病和呼吸系统疾病等。(2)基诺族的传统医药文化、宗教信仰与生态伦理、传统饮食文化和习惯法等传统文化对药用植物种质资源的保护及传承具有重要影响。(3)由于传统文化失传和药用植物资源丧失等原因,制约着基诺族的传统文化与药用植物资源的进一步发展。研究结果表明：少数民族优秀传统文化在生物多样性保护与药用植物资源可持续利用中发挥着积极作用。中国应该重视和维护生物多样性相关传统知识,积极推动《昆蒙框架》履约,探索一条具有中国特色的生物多样性保护道路。     

南京市植物物种多样性现状及保护对策

通过对南京市域植被资料的搜集与实地调查,分析了南京市植物物种多样性。结果表明:南京地区高等植物共有2073种(含种以下等级),隶属221科、899属;其中乡土植物158科、609属、1 333种;资源植物中观赏植物1068种,药用植物760种,油料植物90种,纤维植物89种;国家Ⅲ级以上保护的濒危物种64种。整体上南京植物资源较为丰富,有许多具有很好的开发利用前景,植物物种多样性的保护需进一步融入生态环境建设,挖掘乡土植物资源,合理利用资源植物,研究利用重要濒危植物。     

印度西高止山药用植物丛枝菌根真菌多样性

调查了印度西高止山脉南北Goal区内25个科的36种药用植物的丛枝菌根真菌多样性。30个物种带有丛枝菌根真菌,其余6个物种没有丛枝菌根真菌定植。在根际士壤中,共发现了来自5个菌属（球囊霉属、无梗囊霉、盾巨孢囊霉、巨孢囊霉属和Ambispora）的42种丛枝菌根真菌。本研究区内,球囊霉属是优势属,聚线绣球菌是优势种。定植百分比和孢子密度间存在显著负相关。南、北Goa区内,Simpson和ShannonWeiner多样性指数差异不显著,说明该区具有稳定、多样的植物群落。     

Folklore medicinal plants of North Andaman Islands, India

The rural folk of North Andaman, India use the traditional medicine for their primary health care. Folklore medicinal uses of 72 interesting medicinal plant species along with botanical name, local name, family, habit, part used, disease for which the drug is administrated, mode of administration are presented. These 72 plant species which provide the crude drugs pertain to 67 genera and 43 families of Magnoliophyta from tropical rainforests. These plants used to cure 40 ailments. Most remedies were taken orally, accounting for 76% of medicinal use. Most of the remedies were reported to have been from trees (55.6%) and herb (22.2%) species. The most widely sought after plant parts in the preparation of remedies in the areas are the stem bark (33.8%) and root (23.9%).     

Ethnobotany of plants used by the Thari people of Nara Desert, Pakistan

This paper reports the results of an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Thari people of the Nara Desert, Sindh, Pakistan. Fifty-one plant species distributed across 28 families and 43 genera were discovered to have medicinal uses by local inhabitants of the Nara Desert. Twenty-one of those species are proposed to have new uses not recorded in the Indo-Pak folk herbal medicinal literature. Boraginaceae and Amaranthaceae were the most dominant families (5 species; 2 and 4 genera, respectively) of medicinal plants, followed by Asteraceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Poaceae, Scrophulariacea and Zygophyllaceae. About 44 types of ailments were treated with various parts of the 51 medicinal plant species. For treating ailments, the use of the whole plant was higher (53%) than leaves (18%), roots (14%) and fruits (10%) alone.     

筋骨草内昆虫蜕皮激素类似物对杨干象的杀虫作用

从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。     

Forest pasturing of livestock in Norway: effects on spruce regeneration

Forest pasturing of free-roaming livestock is a common practice in many parts of the world, but knowledge on how it affects tree regeneration in boreal forests is lacking. We mapped tree density, livestock site use and accumulated damage to young trees of commercial interest(Norway spruce, Picea abies L. Karst.) on 56 clearcuts inside and outside a fenced forest area used for livestock pasturing in Ringsaker, Norway. Inside the fence 56±1.8% of spruce trees were damaged compared to 37±3.4% outside. Proportion of damaged spruce trees was positively related to cattle use of the clearcut, but not so for sheep. On the most intensively used clearcuts, four out of five trees were damaged. The density of deciduous trees was five times lower inside compared to outside of the fence(varying with plant species). While livestock grazing may reduce resource competition in favour of spruce, the current animal density clearly is impeding forest regeneration in the study area.     

Status and ethno-medicinal usage of invasive plants in traditional health care practices: a case study from northeastern Bangladesh

Species diversity and ethno-medicinal usage of 39 species of invasive plants were explored in and around two protected areas, Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctu- ary (RKWS), of northeastern Bangladesh,. Status of invasive plants were investigated in 60 sample plots with 5 different habitat types, including forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land and others (ponds, canals, water logged areas, agricultural land, etc.). Data about the usage of invasive plants in traditional health care were collected through interviewing 110 households. Among the five habitat types, fallow land (28 species) pos- sessed the highest number of species, followed by roadside (25 species), forest (23 species), homestead (22 species) and others (13 species). Based on the survey, invasive plants of study areas were also categorized into five degrees of invasiveness e.g., naturalized, introduced, possibly invasive, moderately invasive and highly invasive. Additionally, there is the linear trend between degrees of invasiveness and use percentage of invasive plants. Total 39 species of invasive plants belonging to 29 fami- lies were recorded, which are generally used to treat 37 diseases, ranging from simple headache to highly complicated eye and heart diseases. The majority of the species used by the local inhabitants were herbs (16 spe- cies), followed by some shrubs (11 species), climbers (5 species), trees (5 species) and grasses (2 species). The use percentage of aboveground plant parts were higher (70.58%) than that of underground plant parts (16.18%).     

Chemical composition,phytotoxic and antifungal activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinea</Emphasis> essential oil

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Tunisian Pinus pinea Linn. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-six compounds were identified, representing 98.5% of total oil, which was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.1%) particularly limonene (54.1%), α-pinene (7.7%), and β-pinene (3.4%). The yield and the physico-chemical properties were determined. Results of the antifungal activity study by in vitro contact assay showed that P. pinea oil significantly inhibited the growth of ten plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, herbicidal properties of the oil, tested on Sinapis arvensis L., Lolium rigidum Gaud., and Raphanus raphanistrum L., indicated that the oil completely inhibited the seed germination at a high concentration, while at low doses the oil acted by decreasing and delaying the germination and inhibiting the seedling growth of all tested weeds unlike the commercial herbicide. Our results showed that P. pinea essential oil could be valorized as bioproduct for biocontrol of weeds and fungal plant diseases.     

Stand-level allometry in Pinus taeda as affected by irrigation and fertilization

Changing environmental conditions have the potential to alter allometric relationships between plant parts, possibly leading to ecosystem-level feedbacks. We quantified allometric shifts in field-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in response to altered resource availability based on data from multiple harvests to correct for size-related changes in biomass partitioning. A replicated factorial arrangement of irrigation and fertilization treatments was applied for 4 years to an 8-year-old loblolly pine plantation on a well-drained, low fertility site in North Carolina. Destructive and nondestructive growth measurements were used to develop treatment-specific regressions to estimate stand-level biomass for ephemeral and perennial plant parts, both above- and belowground. Stand-level allometric analysis indicated that irrigation increased biomass partitioning to fine roots and decreased partitioning to foliage, relative to other plant parts. Fertilization increased partitioning to perennial tissues (coarse roots, taproots, and branches) and decreased partitioning to ephemeral tissues (foliage and fine roots). Changes in allometry were small (< 6 %) but statistically significant, indicating that biomass partitioning in loblolly pine changes with altered resource availability, but is probably under strong ontogenetic control.     

Ethno-medico-biology of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India

We carried out an ethno-medico-biological investigation in the interior of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India to explore the therapeutic use of traditional plants/animals by local inhabitants. The villagers and rural people used plant and animal species as medicine. We recorded therapeutic use of 18 plant species of 13 families and 12 animal species of seven taxonomic categories. Different plant/animal parts like bark, leaf, flower, seed, stem, root, whole plant, oil, blood, milk, urine and flesh were reported as used in raw or cooked form against 17 specific diseases. Prominent diseases treated by plant/animal remedies were asthma, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, epilepsy, jaundice, malaria, skin disorder and rheumatism. This study provides a better database for future studies.     

A review on the use of non-timber forest products in beauty-care in Bangladesh

This review describes the non-timber forest products （NTFPs） used for different aspects of beauty-care in Bangladesh on the basis of extensive literature survey. The diverse plant species, including used parts and using patterns for hair care, facial treatments and body care, were summarized in 13 tables. This paper accumulate the scattered knowledge regarding the use of plants in beauty-care in Bangladesh, to draw the extent of use of NTFPs in health care and to record the knowledge for assessing the possibilities of further implementation in herbal cosmetics industries. The structured knowledge can be used in policy making process for sustainable management of these valuable NTFPs leading to the conservation of the country＇s biological diversity. It is suggested that intensive field level research is necessary for securing sustainability of NTFPs.