鸡与鹌鹑生殖道对异种精子运行和存活时间的影响

鸡和鹌鹑同属于鸟纲,鸡形目,雉科,但分别属于鸡属和鹌鹑属,它们形态上有很大差异,且鹌鹑精液在体外的存活时间很短,大约12±4min。本试验通过观察,鸡(♂)×鹌鹑(♀)正交和鹌鹑(♂)×鸡(♀)反交人工授精试验,对输入精液后每隔1、4、7、9h解剖观察其生殖道结构、电导及其内分泌的酸碱度。结果表明,鸡和鹌鹑生殖道分泌物pH、电导、长度都有很大差异。通过显微镜观察,鸡(♂)×鹌鹑(♀)正交及鹌鹑(♂)×鸡(♀)反交后,其精子在体内的存活时间长于1h,鹌鹑精液大大长于在体外的存活时间,精子能在1h后到达漏斗部。     

精清对蓝狐精子常温保存存活时间的影响

用手按摩法采集蓝狐精子和精清,并用同源精清和稀释液分别在不同稀释倍数下稀释同一份精液,测出此种条件下蓝狐精子的存活时间。统计分析表明,精清与稀释液处理的蓝狐精液差异显著(P <0 .0 5 ) ,精清不利于蓝狐精子的体外常温保存     

不同稀释液及保存温度对猪精子存活时间的影响

随着规模养猪业的发展和优良品种的推广 ,猪的人工授精显示了它的优越性。人工授精大大提高了公猪配种效能 ,扩大了每头优良公猪的利用率 ,降低了公猪饲养成本 ,易施行同期发情和配种计划 ,建立合理的繁育体系 ,有明显经济效益。种公猪性能必须优良 ,精液品质应保证 ,其中精液保存是关键的一环 ,对公猪精液采用哪种稀释液配方及保存温度才能延长精子存活时间 ,本试验就这一问题进行一些探讨。1　材料与方法1 .1　分组1 .1 .1　Ａ组 :Ａ1:基础液 (对照组 ) ,为 5ｇ葡萄糖 ,0 .3 ｇ柠檬酸钠 ,0 .1 ｇ乙二胺四乙酸二钠 ,1 0 0ｍｌ灭菌蒸馏水 ,…     

不同稀释液低温保存对公鸡精子存活时间和生存指数的影响

试验观察了3种稀释液在低温(0～5℃)环境中的保存效果,通过分析不同稀释液对种公鸡精子存活时间及其生存指数的影响,旨在筛选出保存效果最好的稀释液。结果表明:由果糖、谷氨酸钠、K_2HPO_4、KH_2PO_4配制而成的稀释液C低温保存条件下精子的存活时间达到159.5 h,生存指数为83.95,有效存活时间为5 d,显著高于由果糖、谷氨酸钠、柠檬酸钠配置而成稀释液A和醋酸钠、柠檬酸钠、Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O配制而成的稀释液B的保存效果(P0.05),在3种稀释液中保存效果最好。     

精子在雌性大熊猫体内存活26h的报道

1发情交配2008年4月29日14：50大熊猫“晔晔”的葡萄糖醛酸酯（E1G）从峰值261下降到177,该熊猫于当日17：55与雄性大熊猫自然交配1′44″,4月30日9：10,E1G下降为70,该大熊猫于当日9：30与雄兽交配6′10″,当日仅交配了1次。     

不同解冻温度对陶赛特肉羊冻解后精子活力及存活时间的影响

对陶赛特肉羊的精液经过细管分装冷冻后,用不同的水浴温度进行解冻,通过精子活力和存活时间的比较,寻找出最佳的解冻温度为40~44℃(8 s)水浴解冻。     

不同比例维生素B12稀释液对小尾寒羊精子存活时间的影响

近年来 ,宁夏从原产地山东大量引进小尾寒羊 ,大部分在川区农户分散饲养。因每户饲养量少 ,饲养种公羊不经济 ,且容易导致近交衰退。为此 ,扩大人工授精技术、集中采精、分散输精是解决该问题的有效途径。这样可扩大配种数量 ,降低饲养成本 ,选种选配 ,提高配种质量。据资料表明 ,用维生素B1 2稀释小尾寒羊精液 ,保存于冰箱 (5～ 1 0℃ )中 ,可显著提高精子存活时间。不同的稀释液以及不同的稀释比例对绵羊精液有明显的影响。本试验用不同比例维生素B1 2 稀释小尾寒羊精液 ,旨在找出维生素B1 2 稀释液的最佳稀释比例。1　试验材料与方法1 …     

37℃下稀释液渗透压对鸡精子存活的影响

采用蔗糖、食用味精、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾四种成分 ,配制了pH值相近、渗透压不同的8种稀释液 ,在 37℃下测定了精子存活时间和生存指数。结果是鸡精子在渗透压为 738、70 3mmol/L的 1号、2号液中不能生存 ;在 390、2 90和 145mmol/L的 6号、7号、8号液中 ,存活时间依次为 9 8h± 1 66h、9 1h± 1 4 3h、8 9h± 1 4 5h ,生存指数依次为 3 7± 1 14、3 3± 1 2 8、3 2± 1 32 ,极显著地长或高于 3号、4号液的 2 4h± 0 78h、3 2h± 0 81h和 0 12± 0 0 7、0 58± 0 11(P <0 0 1) ,显著地长或高于 5号液的 6 5h± 1 2 1h或 1 3± 0 4 2 (P <0 0 5)。这表明适于精子生存的渗透压以等渗为宜 ,但同时受配方物质成分的影响     

不同处理因素对小尾寒羊精子存活时间的影响

用0．9％的生理盐水和VB12注射液稀释小尾寒羊的鲜精液后,分别放置在恒温箱（25℃）,常温（21．3℃－26．4℃）,冰箱（5℃－10℃）中保存,试验结果表明：用VB12注射液作为小尾寒羊鲜精液稀释液,在5℃－10℃冰箱中保存,可明显延长精子的有效存活时间。     

日粮纤维对家禽胃肠道的影响

本文就日粮纤维对家禽胃肠道的影响作一综述。     

Evidence of sperm storage in the female ostrich

OBJECTIVE: To determine the length of time following mating that fertile eggs can be laid by an ostrich (Struthio camelus). DESIGN: A clinical reproductive problem in a pair of breeding ostriches provided the opportunity to mate the birds at intervals of 5 to 8 days and assess the fertility of the eggs laid. PROCEDURE: Following prolapse of the phallus of the male ostrich during the breeding season, the pair were immediately separated. The hen was reintroduced to the cock at intervals of 5 to 8 days over a 6 week period for supervised mating. Records were kept of dates of mating and laying, number of eggs laid, egg weights, and fertility determined by candling after 2 weeks incubation. RESULTS: Over the 6 week period, 10 eggs were laid, of which 8 were fertile and 2 infertile. Fertile eggs weighed 1020 to 1285 g (mean 1143). The two infertile eggs weighed 1160 and 925 g. Six fertile eggs were laid 2 to 7 days after mating. The remaining two fertile eggs were laid the same days that mating occurred, suggesting that fertilization resulted from the last matings 5 and 8 days previously, or from earlier matings. CONCLUSION: Sperm storage occurs in ostrich hens and fertile eggs can be laid for at least 5 to 8 days after copulation. Further studies are required to demonstrate the maximum period during which stored sperm are capable of successful fertilization.     

三种因素对雄蜂精子数量和活动率影响的研究

本文较详细地研究了雄蜂体重、性成熟程度和天气情况对雄蜂精子总数和精子活动率的影响,结果表明:雄蜂总精子数与雄蜂的体重呈正相关。性成熟很充分的雄蜂其精子总数相对较多,但精子活动率却低于性成熟一般的雄蜂。虽然在不同的天气里雄蜂精子总数差异不大,但精子活动率有着比较明显的差异。本实验旨在采集到高质量的雄蜂精液,为蜜蜂人工授精技术的发展提供理论依据。     

Karyotypes and morphological and histological alterations of the genital tracts of repeat breeder heifers with known breeding history

Forty-two repeat breeder heifers (RBH) and 27 virgin heifers (VH) were used in the study. The breeding history and the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations were investigated in the RBH. The genital tracts of the RBH and the VH were investigated at slaughter 3 to 35 days after artificial insemination and/or embryo transfer for the presence of morphological and histological changes. According to AI data the mean number of inseminations per RBH in the herd of origin was 4.9 and 110 interservice intervals out of 141 calculated were normal (17–24 days) or twice normal (34–48 days). Two RBH out of 28 investigated demonstrated the 1/29 translocation. The post mortem examination revealed corpus lutea and follicles normal for the stage of the cycle in all animals. In three RBH abnormalities of the uterus or cervix were found. A higher incidence of cystic glands and of focal accumulation of erythrocytes and lymphocytes in the endometrium was found in the RBH than in the VH (P ≤ 0.05). The relation between the embryonic survival and the histological alterations of the uterus was not significant.It is suggested that errors in heat detection, abnormal karyotypes and morphological defects of the genital tract play a minor role in the repeat breeding complex in heifers.     

Histopathological studies on neoplasms in the genital tract of female donkeys in Egypt.

The genital tracts of 165 female donkeys were collected and examined with special concern to neoplasms. Ovarian Neoplasms were found in 12 cases (7.72%). A granulosa cell tumor was found in one case (0.61%). A cavernous haemangioma was found in 11 cases (6.67%). Uterine neoplasms were found in 14 cases (8.84%). Endometrial polyps and fibroleiomyoma were found in one case (0.61%) each. Leiomyoma was found in 2 cases (1.21%). Cavernous haemangioma was found in 10 cases (6.06%), and cervical polyps in 5 cases (3.03%).     

猪雌性生殖道黏膜显微和超微结构观察

应用组织学方法和电镜技术研究了雌性成年猪生殖道黏膜显微和超微结构的特征。试验选用成年长白×大约克夏二元杂交母猪20头,通过光镜和透射电镜分别观察了母猪的输卵管、子宫和阴道的黏膜结构特征。结果显示成年母猪的生殖道黏膜由上皮、固有膜和黏膜肌层等构成,输卵管、子宫角、子宫体和子宫颈黏膜的上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮的游离面含有纤毛和微绒毛,固有膜和上皮间含有丰富的淋巴细胞。淋巴细胞在上皮内移行过程中由胞质伸出许多伪足,淋巴细胞的胞质中主要含有线粒体和高尔基体。母猪生殖道黏膜内的淋巴细胞在某些部位聚集形成淋巴细胞群,特别是子宫角和子宫颈黏膜中较多,淋巴细胞向子宫腔内移行呈现“腔排”现象。结果显示猪雌性生殖道黏膜中含有较多的淋巴细胞,生殖道黏膜可能是黏膜免疫的诱导位点。     

谷氨酰胺在鸡营养中的研究进展

谷氨酰胺在动物的生命活动中有重要的作用,参与动物体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、嘌呤,嘧啶核苷酸,NAD+以及氨基糖的代谢,能促进肠道细胞的增殖,并能提高机体的免疫力,在提高消化酶活性方面也有重要作用。本文综述了谷氨酰胺在鸡营养中的作用效果及机理,为谷氨酰胺在养鸡业中进一步运用奠定理论基础。     

Distribution and viability of spermatozoa in the canine female genital tract during post-ovulatory oocyte maturation

Background

Unlike other domestic mammals, in which metaphase-II oocytes are ovulated, canine ovulation is characterized by the release of primary oocytes, which may take 12 to up to 36 hours. Further 60 hours are needed for maturation to secondary oocytes which then remain fertile for about 48 hours. Oestrus takes 7 to 10 days on average and may start as early as a week before ovulation. This together with the prolonged process of post-ovulatory oocyte maturation requires an according longevity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract in order to provide a population of fertile sperm when oocytes have matured to fertilizability. Therefore the distribution and viability of spermatozoa in the bitch genital tract was examined during post-ovulatory oocyte maturation.

Methods

Thirteen beagle bitches were inseminated on the day of sonographically verified ovulation with pooled semen of two beagle dogs containing one billion progressively motile spermatozoa. Ovariohysterectomy was performed two days later (group 1, n = 6) and four days later (group 2, n = 7). The oviduct and uterine horn of one side were flushed separately and the flushing’s were checked for the presence of gametes. The oviducts including the utero-tubal junction and the uterine horns, both the flushed and unflushed, were histologically examined for sperm distribution.

Results

The total number of spermatozoa recovered by flushing was low and evaluation of viability was limited. Prophase-I oocytes were collected from oviduct flushing in group 1, whereas unfertilized metaphase-II oocytes were detected in group 2. From day 2 to day 4 after ovulation a significant decrease in the percentage of glands containing sperm (P<0.05) and a marked reduction of the mean sperm number in uterine horn glands were observed. A concomitant diminution of spermatozoa was indicated in the utero-tubal junction accompanied by a slight increase in sperm numbers in the mid oviduct.

Conclusions

Oocyte maturation to metaphase-II stage is accompanied by a continuous sperm detachment and elimination in the uterine horns. Entrance of spermatozoa into the caudal oviduct seems to be steadily controlled by the utero-tubal junction thus providing a selected sperm population to be shifted towards the site of fertilization when oocyte maturation is completed.