反光膜应用对桃果实品质的影响

试验以湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃、早露蟠桃果实为试材,探讨反光膜应用对3个品种桃可溶性固形物含量、单果重和中下部果实着色度的影响。结果表明:湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃可溶性固形物含量处理比对照的平均值分别高出0.91%和1.38%,均达到了显著性差异水平;早露蟠桃处理达到了极显著差异水平,可见,设施大棚中早露蟠桃使用该技术效果更明显。早露蟠桃单果处理     

植物维他命(ACT-2)对水蜜桃果实抗病性及品质的影响

以大团蜜露、新凤蜜露和湖景蜜露等上海水蜜桃果实为试材,探讨植物维他命(ACT-2)对3个品种桃单果重、可溶性固形物含量和病虫果率的影响。结果表明:大团蜜露ACT-2处理的果实可溶性固形物含量极显著高于对照(P0.01),病虫果率处理的极显著低于对照(P0.01),平均单果重处理的显著高于对照(P0.05);新凤蜜露ACT-2处理的果实病虫果率显著低于对照(P0.05),而平均单果重和可溶性固形物含量二者无显著差异(P0.05);湖景蜜露ACT-2处理的果实仅平均单果重显著高于对照(P0.05),而可溶性固形物和病虫果率含量二者无显著差异(P0.05)。     

桃不同果实类型品质、产量性状的差异研究

 通过普通桃、蟠桃、油桃、油蟠桃4种果实类型496份品种资源（Prunus persica L.）的主要品质、产量性状的比较分析,目的在于揭示不同果实类型群体的农艺性状特性。结果表明：①不同果实类型桃的生育期不存在显著差异。②普通桃与蟠桃、油桃与油蟠桃的比较,果形扁平果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比增加;可滴定酸、带皮硬度、去皮硬度、平均单果质量、平均果核质量、核质量/单果质量、产量指数减少趋势。③普通桃与油桃、蟠桃与油蟠桃的比较,果皮无毛果实的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、着色面积、去皮硬度增加;可溶性糖、果皮韧性、平均单果质量、产量指数减少趋势。④油桃与蟠桃比较,油桃的可滴定酸含量、着色面积、平均单果质量和产量指数高于蟠桃。⑤普通桃与油蟠桃比较,油蟠桃可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量均有显著增加,平均单果质量显著减少。     

早熟蟠桃新品种‘红蜜蟠桃’

‘红蜜蟠桃’是在日光温室‘早露蟠桃’栽培过程中选育的优良变异品种。果实发育期为70d,为早熟品种。平均单果质量144g,最大可达198g,可溶性固形物含量13.2%。果实扁平形,白肉,硬溶质,味甜,着色面积80%以上,粘核。     

蟠桃早熟新品种红蜜蟠的选育

红蜜蟠是早露蟠桃晚熟株变。与早露蟠桃相比,红蜜蟠果个较大,果实着色面积大,色泽新鲜度好,可溶性固形物含量高,果肉硬度大,更耐运输。2008年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

油桃、蟠桃的遗传多效性及育种利用价值探讨

油桃、蟠桃是世界桃育种的重要方向。综述了油桃和蟠桃基因对生长发育的影响。桃果实无毛(油桃)和扁平(蟠桃)基因起源于我国的西北,是质量性状,有毛/无毛、扁平/圆为显性。油桃、蟠桃基因具有广泛的遗传多效性,油桃具有使果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、着色面积、去皮硬度和亚表皮细胞的淀粉粒增加的作用;使可溶性糖、果皮韧性、平均单果质量减少趋势;桃杂合体基因型Gg比纯合体基因型gg的茸毛短。蟠桃具有使果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比和亚表皮细胞的淀粉粒增加;使带皮硬度、去皮硬度、平均单果质量、平均果核质量、核质量/单果质量、产量指数减少趋势;油桃和蟠桃基因的这种多效性在油蟠桃中有累加作用。探讨了油桃和蟠桃遗传多效性对生态和对育种的利用价值,提出利用油桃和蟠桃改善果实品质,利用隐性无毛基因(g)增加有毛桃的着色程度、降低茸毛长度,培育短毛品种,培育小果形油蟠桃品种,适当提高我国鲜食品种可滴定酸。     

蟠桃早熟新品种红蜜蟠的选育

蟠桃新品种红蜜蟠是早露蟠桃晚熟株变。果实扁平形,平均单果重144.0 g,最大单果重190.0 g;果皮玫瑰红晕,着色面积占果面的80%以上;果皮中厚,果皮与果肉不易剥离,粘核;果肉黄白色,硬溶质,汁液多,风味甜;可溶性固形物含量13.20%,果肉硬度11.20 kg/cm2,耐运输;在河北省沧州地区,果实6月底成熟,比早露蟠桃晚熟5~7天,果实发育期70天左右。2008年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

三个类型桃及其杂种后代糖酸含量的差异

 以早星×早露蟠桃和94-1-40×早红2号两个杂种后代群体为试材,研究了果实糖、酸性状遗传与果形（扁平/圆形）、果皮毛有无（普通桃/油桃）、果肉颜色（白肉/黄肉）等质量性状的关系。桃果实的可溶性糖主要是蔗糖,占总可溶性糖的60%以上,其次是葡萄糖、果糖和山梨糖醇。桃果实的有机酸主要是苹果酸、柠檬酸和奎宁酸,莽草酸含量很低,仅占总酸含量的约0.3 %。在蟠桃群体中蔗糖、总糖、可溶性固形物的含量均显著高于普通桃群体,而葡萄糖、果糖、柠檬酸和莽草酸含量在蟠桃和普通桃后代间不存在显著差异。不同年份间苹果酸和奎宁酸含量在蟠桃和普通桃后代间存在差异。油桃后代的苹果酸、总酸平均含量显著高于普通桃后代,其柠檬酸、奎宁酸、莽草酸平均含量与普通桃后代间不存在显著差异。2005年油桃后代总糖、可溶性固形物及各可溶性糖组分含量均显著高于普通桃,2004年仅山梨醇含量显著高于普通桃后代。两年的结果均表明,总糖、可溶性固形物、总酸及各种糖酸组分在黄肉桃和白肉桃之间不存在显著差异,与吴本宏2003年的报道一致。     

梨果早优宝对果实发育及品质的影响

经梨果早优宝A型、B型处理后的果实与对照相比,单果重分别增加11.3%、16.5%,可溶性固形物含量分别提高0.5和0.3个百分点,总糖含量分别提高0.5和0.78个百分点,可采成熟期提早5~7d,差异达到显著或极显著水平;对纵径生长的促进作用大于横径;对果实品质的促进作用,特别是可溶性固形物含量的提高,以果实迅速膨大初期最为明显。     

留果量和结果部位对莲雾优系农科二号果实品质的影响

以莲雾优系农科二号为试材,采用人工疏果方式设不同留果量和结果部位处理,研究其对单果重、果长、果顶宽和可溶性固形物含量的变化。结果表明:穗留果量为2、3个时,单果重、果长、果顶宽、可溶性固形物含量均极显著高于对照;穗留果量为4个时,单果重、果长均显著高于对照,可溶性固形物含量极显著高于对照。树冠内膛果实较外围果实大而长,单果重、果长差异极显著,果顶宽差异显著,可溶性固形物含量差异不显著。树冠外围中、下部果实的单果重大于上部,且果顶显著宽于上部;中、下部果实显著或极显著长于上部;上部果实可溶性固形物含量极显著高于中、下部。由此可见,疏果有利于果形、单果重和内在品质的形成,建议每穗留果2~4个,选择树冠内膛和外围中部结果为主。     

外源褪黑素对桃生长及果实品质的影响

[目的]探讨外源褪黑素对桃生长和果实品质的影响.[方法]以早熟桃'早蜜'为试材,于果实膨大期对其叶片喷施不同浓度的褪黑素,测定了桃果实成熟期的新梢生长量、生理状况和果实品质指标.[结果]50?150 pmol?L-1的褪黑素处理能促进桃新梢的生长,增加其茎长和茎粗.150μmol L1褪黑素提高了桃叶片超氧化物歧化酶活...     

不同叶面肥处理对日光温室“87-1”葡萄生长发育的影响

以日光温室"87-1"葡萄为试材,设置叶面喷施氨基酸系列肥(AA-S)、氨基酸硒肥(AA-Se)、氨基酸硒肥+微量元素(AA-Se+T)和喷清水(CK)4个处理,研究了不同叶面肥处理对日光温室葡萄生长发育的影响,以期为日光温室葡萄叶面肥的选择及改良研发提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK相比,喷施叶面肥处理显著提高了葡萄的成花枝率、结果系数、比叶干质量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量和成熟期果实的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mo等矿质元素含量,以及果实的可溶性固形物含量。其中,AA-Se+T处理的成花枝率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量、成熟期果实的N、P、K、Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Mo含量,以及可溶性固形物含量均显著高于AA-S处理和AA-Se处理,成熟期果实的Ca和Mg含量则以AA-S处理最高。Topsis综合评价分析,CI指数表现为AA-Se+T处理>AA-S处理>AA-Se处理>CK。综上所述,喷施叶面肥可以提高日光温室"87-1"葡萄的成花能力、叶片质量、果实矿质元素含量和果实品质,以AA-Se+T处理效果最佳。AA-S处理显著提高了成熟期果实的Ca、Mg含量,可用于解决果实缺钙问题和高钙果品的生产。     

Observations on the Effect of Potash Supply on the Tension of the Tracheal Contents in Fruit Trees and Bushes

Summary

The effects of pollen source on fruit set and fruit quality characteristics (xenia effects) were examined in three commercial cultivars of mandarin, Imperial, Ellenor, and Murcott. Six trees of each cultivar received six pollination treatments: three cross-pollen sources, self-pollination, bagging and bagging with emasculation. Pollen tube growth, percentage fruit set, fruit weight, seediness, sugar and acid content were assessed in all treatments. Significant xenia effects, including effects on sugar content, were found in all cultivars. `Imperial' was found to be self-incompatible as self-pollen tubes were inhibited in the upper style. This resulted in a lower fruit set in self-pollinated fruits (P<0.01), a very low fruit weight (33–55 g, compared with 92–103 g, P<0.01), and fruits containing few or no seeds. In addition, `Ellenor' and `Murcott' pollen significantly increased sugar content of fruit by between 0.9–1.6% compared with self-pollinated and unpollinated treatments (P<0.05). Widespread problems of variable production and poor fruit quality in `Imperial' may be alleviated by interplanting with appropriate pollen sources such as `Ellenor' and `Murcott'. Pollen source significantly affected fruit set, seed number and sugar content but not fruit weight of cv. Ellenor. In particular, `Murcott' pollen produced a significantly higher fruit set, relatively low seed number, and the highest mean sugar content (13.2%), significantly higher than `Imperial' pollen, bagged, and unpollinated treatments (>12.5%, P<0.01). Fruit production, seediness and sugar content of `Ellenor' mandarin may be improved by interplanting with `Murcott'. Cross-pollination significantly increased seed number of `Murcott' (15–21 seeds per fruit, compared with 13–17 seeds per fruit, P<0.01). `Murcott' could be planted in pure blocks since self-pollinated `Murcott' fruit had slightly fewer seeds than crosses, without any significant loss of size or quality. These results demonstrate the need for careful consideration of interplanting of cultivars and management of pollinators such as the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. to maximize fruit production and quality in mandarins.     

3个猕猴桃品种花粉直感效应研究

为进一步研究猕猴桃花粉直感效应,选用I-3-2-2、I-1-5-3、I-1-6-5、I-1-15-4等4种花粉,分别给哑特、秦美、徐香猕猴桃雌株授粉,以自然授粉为对照,建立15个授粉组合。结果表明,猕猴桃在果实坐果率、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、横径、纵径、果形指数、硬度、果实形状等方面表现明显的花粉直感效应,而在果柄离难易方面无花粉直感效应。通过果实平均单果质量、横径、纵径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度等内外观性状的新复极差多重比较分析,得出不同花粉对猕猴桃果实影响差异较大。相同花粉在不同品种上授粉后表现有时相同有时不同。     

Fruit Size and Main Chemical Properties of European Plums (Prunus domestica L.) as Influenced by Grafting on Seedlings of Commercial Cultivars

During three consecutive years we investigated the influence of seedlings of Myrobalan, Stanley and Green Gage as rootstocks on main fruit physical and chemical properties of four European plums (‘?a?anska Rana’, ‘?a?anska Lepotica’, ‘?a?anski ?e?er’ and ‘Stanley’) grown under ecological conditions of ?a?ak (Serbia). Results showed that significant differences in most properties such as fruit weight (FW) and its size and shape, stone weight (SW), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), total sugars (TS), ripening index (RI) and sweetness index (IS) were examined among rootstocks. Influence of these rootstock on flesh rate (FRa) or flesh/stone ratio in cultivars evaluated was not significant. In the case of ‘?a?anska Lepotica’, rootstocks had not capacity to change sphericity (φ) and TA. Seedlings of Myrobalan improved only SW in ‘?a?anski ?e?er’ and TA in all cultivars. In all other cases this rootstock decreased values of evaluated traits. The best fruit physical and chemical properties of plums were achieved by seedlings of Green Gage and Stanley alone or alongside. Despite the higher TA contents in fruits on Myrobalan and its tendency to induce higher SW in some cultivars, the smaller sized fruits together with the less attractive fruit shape resulted in a non-interesting rootstock for plums in our growing conditions. Interesting and positive behavior of cultivars were found for quality parameters when grafted on seedlings of Green Gage and Stanley, respectively.

     

厚皮甜瓜新品种金路、金圆的选育

金路、金圆是上海交通大学农业与生物学院选育的2个甜瓜新品种。金路是大果型早熟品种,果实橄榄形,平均单果质量2.0~2.8 kg,果面金黄、微带皱褶,果肉白色,中心可溶性固形物含量15%~17%,脆肉型,植株长势强,抗性较强,坐果容易,花后38 d左右成熟。金圆是中果型早熟品种,果实圆球形,平均单果质量1.5~2.0 kg,果面金黄、光滑,果肉白色,中心含糖量14%~16%,脆肉型,植株长势中强,抗性强,坐果容易,早熟,花后35 d左右成熟。2个品种均耐贮藏,常温下可贮放40 d以上。     

不同颜色滤光膜套袋对‘砀山酥梨’果实品质及矿质元素含量的影响

利用红、橙、绿、蓝、紫色滤光膜制作果袋（单层袋外套一层透明塑料袋）,对‘砀山酥梨’果实进行套袋处理,分析不同光质对果实品质和矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,绿色滤光膜套袋果实石细胞含量最少,比对照减少28.85%,鲜质量与干质量的比值最大,达到3.54,Ca和Zn的含量分别是对照的1.34倍和1.49倍;紫色滤光膜套袋果实可溶性固形物含量最高,比对照提高5.11%,果形指数最小,鲜质量与干质量的比值比对照提高9.38%,石细胞含量、可滴定酸含量以及果实硬度分别减少22.83%、14.29%和14.88%,Fe、Ca、K、Zn的含量是对照的1.09倍、1.26倍、1.24倍和1.4倍;红色滤光膜套袋果实单果质量、可溶性糖含量相比对照分别减少7.33%和31.27%,Fe和Zn的含量分别是对照的1.13倍和1.37倍;橙色滤光膜套袋果实石细胞含量最高,比对照提高14.87%;蓝色滤光膜下果实单果质量最小,可溶性固形物含量最低,比对照组分别减少10.19%和19.62%。综合分析认为,紫色滤光膜下蓝光透过率高,红光/蓝光值较小,有利于降低果实石细胞含量,相比其他处理更能提高可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、矿质元素的含量,且果实硬度、单果质量、果形指数比较理想,果实品质较高,建议在‘砀山酥梨’的套袋栽培中选择使用。