南丰蜜橘及近缘品种的ISSR标记

利用ISSR分子标记对22份南丰蜜橘及其近缘品种的遗传多样性水平进行研究。从31个ISSR引物中筛选出13个引物,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳共检测到119条稳定的条带,片段大小介于0.5～4 kb之间,条带数在8～13之间;扩增片段中多态性位点98个,平均多态性比率为82.35%。各品种间的Ne i`s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon信息多样性指数分别为0.289 5和0.433 3,品种间遗传相似指数(GS)范围为0.487 4～0.949 6。通过UPGMA聚类分析,当遗传相似系数为0.72时,可以将22份南丰蜜橘及近缘品种分成3大类。     

黄伞种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对9个黄伞菌株进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明:RAPD技术是准确评估黄伞遗传多样性的有效方法.50条RAPD引物中筛选出8条多态性引物,共检测出226条带,其中多态性条带143条,多态率为63％.菌株之间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅范围为0.6181～0.9306,平均GS值为0.746,表明黄伞遗传变异较丰富.聚类分析结果表明,在相似系数0.763处可将9个黄伞菌株划分为4类.     

十二个油松种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

运用RAPD分子标记技术,对12个油松天然居群中192个单株进行遗传多样性分析。用筛选出的20条引物共扩增出289个条带,其中多态性条带220个,多态性条带百分率为76.12%。用NTSYS-PC软件计算遗传相似性系数进行聚类分析。结果表明:192份油松材料间的SC值变化范围为0.5986～0.9654,平均为0.7379。采用UPGMA法,在SC值为0.76的水平上可将供试材料聚为3类。表明我国油松天然种群间产生一定程度的变异,在分子水平上呈现出遗传多态性。     

利用ISSR分子标记对39份莲藕种质资源的遗传多样性分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术对39份莲藕品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:8个ISSR引物共扩增出89条带,其中有55条多态带,平均每个引物扩增的多态性带数为6.88条,多态性比率平均为61.8%;通过遗传相似系数和聚类分析,能将39份莲藕品种完全区分开;说明ISSR标记技术能较好地从分子水平揭示出莲藕品种的遗传多样性。     

不同产地人参种质资源RAPD和SSR分析

以15个产地人参种质资源为试材,采用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:2种分子标记均能揭示不同地区人参种质间的遗传多样性。共筛选出11条RAPD随机引物,平均每条引物可扩增出3~17条DNA片段,共扩增出104条清晰条带,多态性条带100条,多态性百分率为96.15%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.505 3~0.989 5,平均值为0.760 4。筛选出5对SSR引物,平均每对引物可扩增出1~8条DNA片段,共扩增出38条清晰条带,多态性条带35条,多态性百分率为92.11%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.400 0~0.960 0,平均值为0.742 1。RAPD和SSR标记的聚类分析在分类上稍有差异,但总体趋势一致,RAPD、SSR及RAPD+SSR均将样品聚为三大类,均能揭示它们之间的亲缘关系,为人参种质资源的收集与利用奠定了基础。     

ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术在不同君子兰品种遗传多样性上的应用

采用ISSR标记和RAPD标记技术研究了15个君子兰品种的遗传多样性。结果表明:从55条寡聚核苷酸引物中筛选出10条简单重复序列引物,共扩增出65条带,平均每条引物扩增出6.5条带,其中5.4条多态性带,多态性比率为81.95%;从55条寡聚核苷酸引物中筛选出11条多态性引物,共扩增出47条带,平均每条引物扩增出4.27条带,其中32条多态性带,多态性比率为67.88%。POPGEN软件计算出君子兰品种间遗传距离为0.1123~0.6330,平均值为0.3263。基于遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类分析将15个品种明显聚为二组,国兰系列品种为一组,日本兰系列品种组成另一组。     

菊花脑×甘菊种间F_1杂种的鉴定和遗传多样性分析

利用SSR和SRAP标记及表型性状研究了二倍体菊花近缘种菊花脑(Chrysanthemum nankingense)与甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)种间杂种的真实性和遗传多样性。结果表明,131个杂交F_1代单株中,122个为真杂种,真杂种率为93.13%。42对SSR引物组合在菊花脑、甘菊及其122个F_1杂种中扩增得到123个多态性条带,平均每对引物扩增出3条多态性条带;18对SRAP引物组合扩增得到55个多态性条带,平均每对引物扩增出3条多态性条带。菊花脑×甘菊种间F_1杂种之间的遗传相似系数介于0.44～0.90,表型变异系数在10.16%～16.67%之间,且存在超亲个体,说明种间杂种的遗传变异丰富;杂种的叶片表型偏向于母本。基于表型性状和SSR、SRAP分子标记的UPGMA聚类分析将亲本和122个杂交后代都分为7类,绝大多数杂种后代与母本菊花脑聚在一起,而父本甘菊和少部分杂种株系分别单独聚在一起,表明F_1代与母本更为相似。母本与种间杂种的平均遗传相似性系数(0.62)高于父本(0.54),说明该杂种群体在遗传上更接近母本,与表型观察结果相吻合。     

新疆野苹果资源遗传多样性SSR分析

采用SSR标记技术对新疆野苹果7个天然居群180份样品进行了遗传多样性分析,旨在为新疆苹果的杂交育种及优良品种/品系的选育提供理论依据。13对SSR引物共扩增出119条多态性条带,各居群内的多态性位点比率为79.84%~92.25%;居群水平上新疆野苹果的遗传多样性变化趋势基本一致,其中新源居群的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)在7个居群中最大;种级水平上的Shannon信息指数(I)为0.551 6,居群内为0.468 9;新疆野苹果居群的变异主要存在于居群内部,居群间和居群内遗传多样性分别为15%和85%,说明新疆野苹果居群的变异主要存在于居群内部。     

广西野生濒危植物掌叶木遗传多样性的ISSR与SRAP分析

采用ISSR和SRAP技术对中国野生濒危植物掌叶木[Handeliodendron bodinieri（Lévl.）Rehd.]的5个野生居群的95份材料进行分析,10条ISSR引物共扩增得到114个条带,其中多态性条带68个,多态性条带百分率（PPB）59.65%,掌叶木在物种水平上的Nei’s基因多样性（H）为0.1817,Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数（I）为0.2792;观测等位基因数（Na）为1.5965,有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.2984,居群间基因间分化度（Gst）为35.17%。15组SRAP引物共扩增出292个条带,其中多态性条带269个,多态性条带百分比为92.12%,物种水平上,掌叶木的Nei’s基因多样性（H）为0.3171,Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数（I）为0.4758;观测等位基因数（Na）为1.9212,有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.5380,居群间基因间分化度（Gst）为23.17%。结果显示两种标记均能检测到掌叶木具有较高的遗传多样性,掌叶木不同居群间存在一定的遗传分化和基因流动,但遗传分化主要存在于居群内。     

山葡萄种质资源SSR遗传多样性分析

对360份山葡萄种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析研究。从245对引物中筛选出18对用于供试材料的SSR扩增;单条引物扩增条带为4~13条,平均9.44条;扩增产物长度介于150~1 000 bp,以200~750 bp的扩增片段居多;18对引物共扩增出170条带,其中多态性条带167条,多态性百分率为98.2%;Shannon’s多样性指数(I)为1.778051。某些品种(系)产生了特有SSR标记带,共5条,占2.95%。     

山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

 利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中89条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中94条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0.62（RAPD）和0～0.64（ISSR）,表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。     

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some Iranian wild asparagus populations using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers

An evaluation of genetic diversity in 39 wild asparagus populations was carried out using morphological and RAPD markers. A combination of morphological traits and random RAPD primers was used to examine the level of genetic variation and polymorphisms among the populations. A factor analysis using Ward's method on mean values of morphological characteristics indicated seven main factors resulting in four groups. Analysis of polymorphic bands using Jaccard's similarity coefficient indicated that genetic similarity ranged between 0.71 and 0.29. At a similarity level of 0.64, the populations were divided in three sub-clusters, containing 34, four and one populations, respectively. Significant regression associations were found between 21 morphological characteristics and 18 RAPD markers, revealing some informative markers associated with some traits. The highest R² was related to 18 RAPD markers associated with gender (53.5%) that among them BA-04₂₀₀₀ had a maximum R². The results showed that Iranian wild asparagus with its high levels of genetic variation could be considered as a valuable gene pool for future asparagus breeding programs. Furthermore, it could be inferred that morphological characteristics and RAPD markers are suitable tools to discriminate asparagus populations for the evaluation of genetic diversity.     

燕山板栗种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

为研究燕山板栗的遗传多样性,采用随机扩增多态DNA(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA,RAPD)技术对36份燕山板栗种质进行了分析。分析了燕山板栗的遗传丰富度,并对包括36个燕山板栗品种和8份外来板栗品种在内的44份板栗种质进行聚类分析。结果表明,RAPD能有效地区分品种间的差异,用16个随机引物经PCR扩增共得到132个片段,其中有83个多态性片段,占62.9%;不同遗传位点之间遗传多样度最大可达0.444,最小值为0.096,平均多样度为0.187;UPGMA法聚类,将44份板栗种质聚成4个大的类群,36份燕山板栗可分为3个大的类群,外来种质聚为一类。燕山板栗明显不同于外来品种。在RAPD图谱中,找到了19个品种(类型)的特异性标记和标记组合,可作为品种(类型)分子鉴别的依据。     

RAPD markers reveal polymorphism among some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes

In this study RAPD markers were used to determine the diversity level among 24 Iranian pomegranate genotypes. One hundred decamer random primers were used for PCR reactions, among which 16 showed reliable polymorphic patterns. These primers produced 178 bands, of which 102 were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of the genotypes was performed based on data from polymorphic RAPD bands, using Jaccard's similarity coefficient and UPGMA clustering method. The highest and lowest similarities detected between genotypes were 0.89 and 0.29, respectively. At a similarity of 60%, the genotypes were divided into four sub-clusters. Cophenetic correlation coefficient between similarity matrix and cophenetic matrix of dendrogram was relatively high (r = 0.9) showing the goodness of fit of the dendrogram. RAPD markers showed to be a useful tool for studying the genetic diversity of pomegranate.     

利用RAPD和SCAR标记鉴定草莓品种

 利用RAPD和SCAR标记对32份草莓材料进行了鉴定, 结果表明: 8个RAPD引物共扩增出85个标记, 其中71个为多态性标记, 多态性比率为83。5%。25份草莓材料的RAPD图谱差异较大, 易于区分。利用具有多态性的RAPD标记, 对28份草莓试材的亲缘关系进行分析, 初步鉴定出同名异物和同物异名品种。两个RAPD标记被转化为片段长度分别为378 bp和214 bp的显性SCAR标记, 其多态性与相应RAPD标记一致。利用这两个SCAR标记对草莓品种进行了初步鉴定。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in cashew germplasm using RAPD and ISSR markers

Diversity and genetic relationship in 100 cashew germplasm accessions were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Using 10 selected RAPD primers 60 bands were generated, of which 51 bands were polymorphic (85%), and with 10 selected ISSR primers 67 amplified bands were observed with 58 polymorphic bands (86.6%). Though both kinds of markers discriminated the accessions effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD + ISSR) resulted in better distinction of accessions. By combining markers, a total of 127 bands were detected, of which 109 bands (85.8%) were polymorphic and produced on an average of 5.45 polymorphic bands per primer. Primers with high polymorphic information content and marker index were identified for discriminating accessions. High percentage of polymorphism (>85%) observed with different markers indicated high level of genetic variation existing among the accessions. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.43 to 0.94 in RAPD, 0.38 to 0.89 in ISSR and 0.43 to 0.87 with combined markers suggested a diversity (dissimilarity) ranging from 6 to 57%, 11 to 62% and 13 to 57% respectively and the diversity skewed around 50% indicated moderate diversity. The cluster analysis with UPGMA method separated the accessions broadly into 13 clusters and in that three into smaller clusters. Some correspondence between the molecular groupings and the morphological clusters were observed. Among the accessions, NRC-142 and NRC-12 were highly divergent and NRC-231 and NRC-232 were genetically similar.     

豆瓣菜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

以8个豆瓣菜的品种为试材，用筛选出的79个RAPD引物和34个ISSR引物对这8个品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，分别扩增出361条和179条谱带，每个引物扩增出的带在3～10条之间，平均每个引物扩增出约5条带。根据所得的条带进行聚类分析，两种标记产生的聚类图存在一些差异，但它们都可以较好地将8个品种按亲缘关系的远近划分为3个不同的类群。Mantel测试得出相关系数r=0．58155，表明RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术的相关度很低。     

Application of RAPD and SI-typing techniques to confirm genetic integrity of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and self-incompatibility (SI) typing techniques were applied to settle a lawsuit between a Seed Company and a farmer concerning seed impurity in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). After sowing “Halra Woldong” (HW) a winter radish variety, two morphologically different radish plants grew. Genomic DNA from each of the two types were prepared and analyzed using ninety-six RAPD markers and four variety-specific markers were found. The polymorphic RAPD band patterns were compared with those of the twenty Korean radish varieties. The genetic integrity of the two varieties in question was identified and further confirmed by SI-typing of S-locus glycoprotein (SLG) and S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) genes.