扫描及负染电镜在兔脑炎原虫病诊断中的应用

12只临床表现头颈歪斜、昏睡、震颤、局部或全身轻瘫的可疑为兔脑炎原虫病的獭兔 ,对其肾脏皮髓交界和尿沉渣分别进行了扫描电镜和负染电镜观察 ,看到了大小为 1～ 1 .5× 1 .4～ 2 .5μm,形态呈卵圆形和杆状的兔脑炎原虫。阳性检出率为 1 0 0 %。说明扫描及负染电镜术是诊断兔脑炎原虫病的一种较为可靠的技术。     

阿苯达唑对自发性兔脑炎原虫病的治疗

为了有效地治疗兔脑炎原虫病,本研究根据脑炎原虫的生物学特点和对组织损伤的特征选用阿苯达唑进行了治疗试验。将28只3～4月龄隐性感染的獭兔,随机分为对照组和治疗组进行试验。治疗组按30mg／kg剂量（首次给药量为50mg／kg）,每隔12h给药1次,连续用药10d,停药1周为1个治疗期,共治疗3个疗程。对照组按正常饲养。每1疗程之后,均采血和尿液进行ELISA检测和尿沉渣虫体检查。结果,治疗组的病兔用阿苯达唑治疗3个疗程后,ELISA检测的D值均低于标准值（〈0．044）,即抗脑炎原虫血清抗体呈阴性反应,从尿沉渣中也不能检出虫体。而对照组病免的D值则大大高于正常值．从尿沉渣中均易检出虫,并有1只对照兔出现典型的神经症状,剖检后从脑组织中检出脑炎原虫性肉芽肿。经方差分析,2组间差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。试验证明,阿苯达唑对兔脑炎原虫有良好治疗作用,用药的时机以脑炎原虫还未进入脑组织时最合适,用药的剂量一定要保持有效的杀虫浓度。     

免疫调节剂SCA对感染血吸虫小鼠诱导的肝病变及纤维化作用的影响

进一步研究免疫调节剂 SCA对感染小鼠诱导的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿病变及血吸虫性纤维化作用的调节动态和分子机制。结果证明 :小鼠感染后 49～ 77d时 ,实验鼠肉芽肿的平均面积和体积均显著小于感染对照鼠 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,实验组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;在感染后 49d和 63 d时 ,实验鼠的 IL-2和 IL-4收稿日期 :2 0 0 3- 0 4 - 0 3基金项目 :江苏省教育厅资金项目 (0 1KJD310 - 0 0 1)作者简介 :骆　伟 (195 4 - ) ,女 ,苏州市人 ,苏州大学医学院寄生虫学教研室副教授 ,主要从事寄生虫感染免疫学方面的研究工作。水平均显著高于对照鼠 ,并均显示相当高水平的 IL-1 0 ;在感染后 77d时 ,实验鼠的 IL-1 0水平显著高于对照鼠 (P <0 .0 5)。表明免疫调节剂 SCA能诱导明显的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿效应和血吸虫性纤维化作用 ,其分子机制与 CD4 亚群的 Th1型 (IL -2 )和 Th2型 (IL -4和 IL -1 0 )细胞因子应答的调节动态密切相关 ,提示 SCA具有明显的实用价值和应用前景     

兔脑炎原虫病患兔血清中IgG的测定

以临床症状和病理学变化确诊为兔脑炎原虫感染的家兔为研究对象 ,经间接 EL ISA法对其机体体液免疫状况进行研究 ,并与健康家兔进行比较 ,结果表明兔脑炎原虫病兔外周血 Ig G含量明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。提示兔脑炎原虫入侵兔体后 ,病兔体液免疫功能有所增强。     

阿苯达唑对种兔感染脑炎原虫的防治研究

为了有效地防治种兔的脑炎原虫病,本研究根据脑炎原虫的生物学特点和对组织损伤的特征选用阿苯达唑进行了防治试验.对115只种兔做了ELISA检测和尿沉渣检查,发现有18只种兔已感染脑性原虫,另97只并未感染.用阿苯达唑对感染种兔进行了治疗,对未感染种兔做了预防.结果18只感染种兔经三个疗程治疗后,虽然尿沉渣中均未检出脑炎原虫,但仍有两例种兔的OD值呈阳性.将2例OD值阳性种兔剖检后在其脑组织中检出脑炎原虫包囊和肉芽肿.用药物预防的97只未感染种兔,经两个预防期后血清学检查呈阴性,尿沉渣中也未检出脑炎原虫.试验证明,阿苯达唑对兔脑炎原虫病有良好防治作用,用药的时机以脑炎原虫还未进入脑组织时最合适,用药的剂量一定要保持有效的杀虫浓度.     

自然感染兔脑炎原虫獭兔肾上皮细胞凋亡的研究

运用透射电镜术、原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)和流式细胞术对11只自然感染兔脑炎原虫獭兔的肾脏进行了细胞凋亡研究，5只健康长耳白兔用作对照。结果表明．凋亡细胞多见于远曲小管和集合管的上皮细胞。用透射电镜观察，初期的凋亡细胞，其细胞核的染色质高度凝集，边缘化，粗面内质网增多、扩张呈泡状；后期的凋亡细胞，其细胞质浓缩．细胞膜起泡，细胞核分裂成块状，最后形成膜包裹的凋亡小体。TUNEL法检测，病变轻微的细胞，胞核微缩，胞膜增厚；病变严重的细胞，其胞核体积明显缩小，胞膜皱缩，最后形成膜包裹的凋亡小体。流式细胞术检测，病兔可呈现明显的亚“G1”峰，凋亡细胞百分比与对照兔相比差异极显著(P=0．01)，且病兔。肾细胞的周期也有所改变。结果表明，3种方法检测的病兔肾上皮细胞凋亡数均高于对照免。     

兔脑炎原虫引起的脑组织细胞凋亡

为了调查兔脑炎原虫引起脑组织细胞的凋亡情况,本研究用特殊染色、TUNEL染色、凋亡蛋白免疫组化染色和Western blot,对40只家兔的脑组织进行了详细研究。结果表明,病兔的脑组织中均检出了肉芽肿和脑炎原虫。脑炎原虫所引起的脑细胞凋亡主要发生于脑血管的内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞、巨噬细胞和上皮样细胞,其次为病变所累及的神经细胞。用TUNEL的免疫酶-荧光染色和抗凋亡蛋白的免疫组化染色,凋亡细胞均呈强阳性反应,被染成棕褐色。对脑组织蛋白提取物进行Western blot检测,病兔脑组织中P~(53)、Bcl-2、Bax和c-Myc凋亡基因蛋白表达量明显高于对照兔,差异非常显著(P0.01)。结果表明,兔脑炎原虫在脑组织细胞内寄生时可以引起细胞凋亡。     

獭兔魏氏梭菌病的诊治

20 0 2年 4月 ,我市一獭兔场的幼兔因急剧腹泻而很快发生死亡。根据临床症状、病理变化及化验室检验后 ,诊断为兔魏氏梭菌病 ,现将具体情况报告如下。1　发病情况该獭兔场共养 5 0 0只獭兔 ,其中 4～ 5月龄成年兔30 0只 ,2月龄以内的幼兔 2 0 0只 ,自 2 0 0 2年 4月 10日～ 2 0日 ,10 d内共死亡幼兔 4 0只 ,成年兔没有发病情况。发病死亡的兔子均为 30～ 6 0日龄。据场主介绍 ,在30日龄时对幼兔曾使用兔瘟—兔巴氏杆菌二联苗灭活苗进行过免疫注射。2　临床症状病兔精神沉郁 ,食欲废绝 ,拱背蜷缩于笼内 ,腹部膨胀 ,用手轻按腹部 ,感知腹部胀…     

肾脏病变对隐性兔脑炎原虫病的诊断研究

为了尽快诊断隐性兔脑炎原虫病,本研究对屠宰检验发现的31只有病变的兔肾,用病理学方法进行了兔隐性脑炎原虫感染的研究。结果证明:31只兔肾均以间质性肾炎为基本病变,在3只兔肾组织的肾小管上皮中检出假囊,革兰氏染色鉴别其为兔脑炎原虫假囊。脑炎原虫性间质性肾炎的病变主要包括两种,即弥漫性间质性肾炎和增生性肉芽肿性肾炎。总之,通过对肾脏病变的检查,能及早发现隐性兔脑炎原虫病。     

獭兔李氏杆菌病的诊治

李氏杆菌病是由单核细胞增多症李氏杆菌引起的人畜共患传染病 ,多呈散发。人、畜患病主要表现为脑膜脑炎、败血症和单核细胞增多症及脓性结膜炎 (主要为兔 ) ;家畜和啮齿动物主要表现为脑膜炎、坏死性肝炎和心肌炎变化[1] 。 2 0 0 2年 11月初 ,吉林省长春市某獭兔养殖场发生了疑似李氏杆菌引起的疾病 ,獭兔主要表现为消瘦 ,双眼有白色黏稠分泌物 ,重者失明。现将该兔场发病兔的临床症状、病理变化及诊治情况介绍如下。1　临床症状该兔场共养殖獭兔 12 0 0多只 ,这次有 2栋圈 4 6只兔发病 ,多为 6月龄的成年兔 ,发病 5d共死亡 12只 ,死亡率…     

Effect of Fermented Corn Stalks on Growth Performance and the Growth Promotion Mechanism in Otter Rabbit

This experiment was conducted to research the growth promoting effects of fermented corn stalks with compound bacteria on otter rabbit. The daily feed of otter rabbit was based on fermented corn stalks (roughage ration composed mostly of fermented corn stalks). The growth performance, intestinal tract bacteria and the digestive enzyme activities of otter rabbit were studied. A total of 150 health otter rabbits, 9 weeks old, weighted about (1.90±0.14) kg, were allotted to 2 groups (control group and experimental group) for 10 days preliminary trial period and 30 days trial period. The results were as follows:Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) increased by 14.60% (P<0.05) and F/G decreased by 10.50% (P<0.05) of the experimental group; In intestinal tract of otter rabbit, the number of E.coli were reduced by 46.13% (P<0.01), the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and Bacillus increased by 30.64% (P<0.05), 29.27% (P>0.05) and 39.23% (P<0.01),respectively; The activities of protease, amylase, cellulose enzyme and glucanase were increased by 23.20%(P<0.05), 32.96% (P<0.05), 12.63% (P<0.01) and 21.09% (P<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the fermented corn stalks could promote the growth and improve the intestinal tract ecological environment of the otter rabbit. The results established the theoretical foundation for fermented corn stalks feeding on otter rabbit.     

发酵玉米秸秆对獭兔生长性能的影响及其促生长机理的研究

试验旨在研究经复合菌剂发酵后的玉米秸秆粗饲料对獭兔的促生长效果。用以发酵玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料配制的日粮饲喂獭兔,从试兔生长性能、肠道菌群结构、消化酶活力的变化来揭示发酵玉米秸秆对獭兔生长的影响。选择体况良好,9周龄、体重（1.90±0.14） kg獭兔150只,将其分为对照组（饲喂常规基础日粮）和试验组（发酵玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料的日粮）,预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组獭兔平均日增重（ADG）提高了14.60%（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）降低了10.50%（P<0.05）;盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量降低了46.13%（P<0.01）,乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、芽孢杆菌数量分别提高了30.64%（P<0.05）、29.27%（P>0.05）和39.23%（P<0.01）;盲肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶活力较对照组分别提高了23.20%（P<0.05）、32.96%（P<0.05）和12.63%（P<0.01）、21.09%（P<0.05）。综合以上结果,发酵玉米秸秆可促进獭兔生长,改善肠道微生态环境。试验结果可为发酵玉米秸秆在獭兔中的应用提供理论基础。     

加味柴胡汤对子宫内膜炎奶牛血液白细胞的影响

本试验选子宫内膜炎患牛10头,随机分为中药治疗组和患病对照组（每组5头）,5头健康奶牛作为正常对照组.中药治疗组子宫灌注复方中药剂加味柴胡汤,连用6d,其他两组给予生理盐水.在用药前1d和用药2d、4d、6d采血,用血液自动分析仪检测.结果：（1）治疗前,中药治疗组和患病对照组白细胞数量显著（P＜0.05）高于正常对照组,治疗6d后,中药治疗组显著（P＜0.05）低于治疗前和患病对照纽.（2）治疗前,中药治疗组和患病对照组中间细胞数量和比率均显著（P＜0.05）高于正常对照组,用药6d后,中药治疗组显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）低于患病对照组和治疗前.（3）治疗前,中药治疗组和患病对照组嗜中性粒细胞数量比率显著（p＜0.05）高于正常对照组.用药6d后,中药治疗组与正常对照组均显著（P＜0.05）低于患病对照组,低于治疗前.（4）治疗前,中药治疗组和患病对照组淋巴细胞数量显著（P＜0.05）高于正常对照组,比率显著（P＜0.05）低于正常对照组.用药6d后,中药治疗组和正常对照组淋巴细胞数量和比率显著（P＜0.05）高于患病对照纽.结论：加味柴胡汤可降低子宫内膜炎奶牛的炎症反应,提高免疫力.     

高效氯氰菊酯乳油对雄性家兔精液品质的影响

采用4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油喷洒饲草,使4组家兔每日每千克体重染毒高效氯氰菊酯分别为0mg、1.5mg、3.0mg、4.5mg,持续56d后采用常规方法对精液品质进行检查。结果各剂量组家兔体重、睾丸重量、精液量及其pH等方面均无显著性差异(>0.05);与对照组相比,1.5mg/kg体重试验组的精子密度、精子活力、畸形率无明显变化(>0.05),但3.0mg/kg、4.5mg/kg剂量组则发生显著变化(<0.05)。表明当家兔高效氯氰菊酯染毒量达到3.0mg/kg体重时即可导致家兔精子密度、精子活力、畸形率等方面发生异常,对家兔具有一定的生殖毒性。     

Resistance to Taenia pisiformis larvea in rabbits: Immunisation using live organism followed by chemotherapy therapy

Viable eggs or activated oncospheres of Taenia pisiformis were inoculated subcutaneously into rabbits. At various intervals the developing larvae were killed by treatment with Mebendazole. Most rabbits receiving oncospheres were protected against challenge infection if they were treated with Mebendazole 1 day after injection and absolute immunity was established in all rabbits if larvae were allowed to develop for 14 days before being killed. In rabbits receiving eggs, 21 days from injection to Mebendazole treatment was required before absolute immunity developed. Eggs appear to require a period of 1–2 weeks for hatching and oncosphere activation in a subcutaneous site. The data also indicate that production of functionally protective antigens occurs early during larval developement.     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, type IV collagen, and interleukin-10 in rabbits treated with morphine after lamellar keratectomy

Purpose To study the effects of topical administration of 1% morphine on corneal analgesia in rabbits submitted to lamellar keratectomy and to assess the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1, metalloproteinase‐2, metalloproteinase‐9 (MMPs), type IV collagen, and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) during the treatment. Methods Morphine group (MG) received 50 μL of topical 1% morphine four times daily, while the control group received saline instead. Corneal touch threshold (CTT) and the wound area were assessed until corneal healing. Corneal samples were processed for routine histology, immunohistochemistry, zymography, and ELISA. Results Following keratectomy, CTT increased significantly from 6 to 96 h time points. Mean corneal re‐epithelization rate and scores of leukocyte infiltration did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Immunolabeling pattern for MMP‐1, MMP‐9, and type IV collagen was similar in both treatment groups. In the MG, zymography indicated significantly higher levels of active MMP‐2 on days 6 and 12; and in the latent MMP‐9, on days 3 and 6, and in the active MMP‐9, on day 6. Latent MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and active MMP‐9 decreased to values close to those of healthy corneas on day 12, but levels of active MMP‐2 remained significantly elevated in the MG. IL‐10 levels measured on days 1–6 were reduced as compared to those of healthy corneal tissue and returned to levels close to those of healthy corneas on day 12. Conclusion Topical morphine promoted corneal analgesia for up to 4 days and did not delay corneal re‐epithelization. The re‐establishment of MMPs and IL‐10 to levels close to baseline values at the end of the study and the expression of type IV collagen in both groups reinforce that, with caution, 1% morphine can be used after lamellar keratectomy in rabbits.     

热应激条件下添加中药渣对獭兔生产性能、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究热应激条件下添加藿香正气药渣对獭兔生产性能、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响。选用60日龄生长兔随机分成4组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,日粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%藿香正气药渣;Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮。结果表明,在日粮中添加药渣可以提高獭兔的日增重,降低料重比;提高血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、肌酸激酶、IgA、IgM、IgG、T3 和T4水平,降低了血清中甘油三酯、尿素氮、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平。由此说明,清瘟败毒中药渣能提高獭兔生产性能和免疫力,提高饲料转化率,降低热应激的作用。     

不同佐剂对卡介苗的免疫增强作用

以牛型结核分枝杆菌敏感动物豚鼠为实验动物 ,分别以猪苓多糖 (PUP)、IL-2和 IL-3真核表达质粒为免疫佐剂 ,比较研究 3种佐剂对卡介苗 (BCG)免疫效果的调节作用和免疫器官的病理变化。在首免后第 50 d和二免后第 50 d,进行间接 EL ISA和 MTT比色检测及组织病理学检测 ,结果显示 ,PUP和 IL -2真核表达质粒、IL -3真核表达质粒均能增强豚鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫应答 (P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 ) ,而 PUP的佐剂作用则更为突出     

Inhibited development of Obeliscoides cuniculi in rabbits: the effects of active and passive immunization and resumption of larval development

Rabbits were either actively or passively immunized against Obeliscoides cuniculi and challenged with 5 000 infective larvae (IL). Worm development was inhibited in actively immunized animals and worm egg production was impaired by administration of immune serum. Inhibited fourth stage larvae (L₄) from high-level infections (200 000 IL) and normal L₄ from low-level infections (4 000 IL) were transferred to actively immunized and normal rabbits. In both instances, large numbers of L₄ developed to maturity; however, a significant number of inhibited L₄ failed to resume development. Inhibition of larvae resulted in the development of fewer adult male than female worms, and the change in sex ratio was further accentuated in actively immunized recipients. Worm egg production was also reduced in actively immunized rabbits. These data indicate that host immune responses contribute to inhibition of O. cuniculi in rabbits and that worm egg production is also responsive to immunologic control.