^60Coγ射线辐照对马尾松毛虫繁殖力的影响

人工饲养的马尾松毛虫老熟蛹经10~80 Gy剂量的60Coγ射线辐射后,调查辐射对松毛虫繁殖力的影响。结果表明老熟蛹辐照对成虫寿命和产卵量影响不明显,辐照后的雌性成虫与对照雄虫交尾所产卵的孵化率随着辐照剂量的加大而明显降低,经80 Gy以下剂量辐照的雄性成虫与对照雌虫交尾所产卵的孵化率随着辐照剂量的加大没有明显的下降。人工饲养的马尾松毛虫老熟蛹经80 Gy以上剂量辐照对雌雄成虫的繁殖力都有显著影响,对雌性的繁殖力影响大于雄性。     

松褐天牛交尾产卵行为和卵期、孵化率测定

松褐天牛 Monochamus alternatus Hope成虫交尾 ,雌雄均无专一性 ,既能一雄多雌 ,也能一雌多雄 ;交尾次数对产卵量和卵的孵化率无显著影响 ;成虫对产卵场所的树种和树性有显著的偏嗜性选择行为。据测定 ,在 6月下旬至 7月下旬平均卵期 4.0 4天 ,卵的孵化率为 85 .76%。     

光肩星天牛求偶,交尾及产卵行为的研究

通过对光肩星天牛求偶、交尾及产卵行为的详细观察,结果表明：光肩星天牛求偶时发出的信息来源是雌虫,接受此信息的是雄虫,接收器官为触角、雌、雄虫求偶与交尾行为在２４小时内谐有。雌、雄虫一生均可多次交尾,产卵对树种有明显的选择性。     

杨扇舟蛾生殖生物学观测

田间采集老熟幼虫或蛹,在室内分时段观测杨扇舟蛾成虫羽化、交尾和产卵规律.结果表明:杨扇舟蛾在河北沧州地区1 a发生4代,个别5代.成虫主要在傍晚羽化,雄虫羽化高峰出现在15:00-18:00,雌虫在18:00-21:00,单体成虫羽化需13～28 min.雌虫自羽化至初次交尾时间为34.82～54.62 h,成虫交尾起始时间在04:00-05:00,交尾结束时间在19:01-20:00,整个交尾持续时间15.4～16.17 h.雌雄成虫均可进行2次交尾,交尾高峰期和羽化高峰期相差7～11 h.成虫羽化后多在第2和第3天交尾,7日龄以后雌虫不再释放性信息素与雄虫交尾.雌虫交尾后大多当晚或第2天晚上产卵,产卵时间主要集中在20:00-24:00,产卵方式为块产,个别单产.单个卵块平均卵量50～80粒,卵块单层平铺,总卵量220～420粒.雌虫可孤雌产卵,但卵不能孵化.     

星天牛行为及控制技术研究Ⅰ.天牛行为及危害木麻黄规律的研究

通过野外调查和室内外人工饲养,结果表明星天牛[Anoplophorachinensis(Forster)]成虫大多在白天活动,在自然条件下有趋向木麻黄防护林带飞翔的行为。雌、雄成虫一生可多次交尾,每天8时和16时为交尾高峰。成虫补充营养最喜欢取食苦楝树(MeliaazedarachL.)。苦楝树饲养雌虫每头产卵156～198粒,平均176 4粒,是木麻黄饲养的3 10倍;取食苦楝树的雌虫寿命72～110d,平均91 8d;雄虫寿命88～125d,平均103d,雌、雄成虫分别比取食木麻黄(Casuarinaequi setifolia)的多存活30 2d、40d。幼虫主要集中在离地面40cm高度内的树干根际附近,占总虫数的94 8%。1年生林分受害株至第2年5月成虫羽化期死亡率最高,达66 7%,3～7年生林分有虫株率最高;7年生以下林分应重点防治。在生境条件相似的同龄林中,星天牛则喜欢危害基径较大的木麻黄,6cm以下的树则较少受害。     

青杨天牛成虫交配刻槽产卵习性初步研究

采用室内养虫笼饲养法和林间套网袋饲养法观察青杨天牛Saperda populnea成虫的交配、刻槽、产卵等习性,发现雌雄交尾时间可持续10~240 min,平均约180 min;有重复交配现象,重复交配可达2~10次;每次交配持续时间为2~30 s。雌虫在寄主枝条上刻槽呈马蹄形,每次刻槽需2~3 min,环绕枝条一周以2个刻槽常见。雌虫刻槽后直接产卵,每刻槽产卵1粒。产卵期长短和产卵量大小取决于雌虫个体寿命长短,且雌成虫有较强的生殖能力。     

光肩星天牛成虫特性及其行为的研究

通过对光肩星天牛成虫的取食，交尾及产卵特性进行了较为详细的观察，提出了成虫在性成熟以后，在交尾盛期，其酱不受温度与光照的影响的新论点，并且认为在呼市地区，从７月１０日至７月２５日期间是一个较好的成虫防治期。     

黄野螟的羽化和生殖行为节律

黄野螟Heortia vitessoides Moore是近年来大面积爆发的严重危害土沉香Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg的食叶害虫,为寻找其羽化和生殖行为发生规律,为生态防控提供技术参考,在温度(25±1)℃,光周期L:D=14:10,相对湿度RH=75%~80%的条件下,观察了黄野螟成虫的羽化和生殖行为。结果表明:黄野螟的羽化率为83.20%,羽化期为10 d左右,日羽化高峰在20∶00~22∶00,雌雄性比为1.12∶1,且雄蛾先于雌蛾羽化。成虫在羽化后2 d达到性成熟,2日龄雌蛾开始求偶,3~4日龄雌蛾求偶最为强烈,雌蛾的求偶行为多发生在20∶00~21∶00,成虫光期未见交尾行为,成虫日龄影响交尾行为,4日龄成虫交尾率最高。卵多产于叶片背面,孵化率超过90%。交尾雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为6.32 d和5.75 d,未交尾雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为8.83 d和8.24 d,说明交尾缩短雌雄成虫寿命。     

桑天牛辐射不育的研究

桑天牛ＡｐｒｉｏｎａｇｅｒｍａｒｉＨｏｐｅ成虫出现盛期６月下旬７月初，雌雄比为１：１．３，多次交尾，交尾前期４～６ｄ孵化率在６４％以上，６０Ｃｏγ辐照对雄虫寿命及交尾的影响没有不可育率的影响显著，经４．９０２ｃ／ｋｇ（准）处理的饲养雄虫，寿命及交尾变化不大，可育率却明显降低，仅为９％且无活幼虫。     

植食性昆虫产卵行为生态学研究进展

本文主要从怀卵雌成虫对寄主的搜寻与定位,雌成虫对适宜寄主的识别与选择,植食性昆虫对昆虫产卵的直接和间接防御,以及昆虫为了减少后代资源竞争而产生产卵忌避物质等4个方面综述了植食性昆虫产卵行为生态学研究领域的新进展,概述了植食性昆虫产卵行为的生态机制在植物保护中的应用前景。     

Effects of mating factors on reproduction and sex-ratio of the predacious miteamblyseius zaheri yous. & el-bor. (acari, phytoseiidae)

Three factors were examined to determine their effect on the reproduction and sex-ratio in the predacious miteAmblyseius zaheri Yousef & El-Borolossy in the laboratory. The factors studied included multiple matings, disturbed mating and age of mating females. Fecundity of females mated more than once was 3 times higher than in females mated only once. Artificial curtailment of copulation to 120, 60 and SO min resulted in reduction of fecundity and oviposition period. The Age of mated females has an influence also on fecundity, old females produce fewer eggs compared with young females under constant condition of abundant prey. All 3 factors studied have no influence on the sex-ratio of the progeny.     

The mating and oviposition behavior of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), with reference to the influence of host tree condition

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive wood-boring beetle first detected in North America in 2002. Relatively little is known about the factors affecting the mating and oviposition behavior of EAB, even though they could have implications for the management of this species. Consequently, we conducted field surveys in Michigan to observe the diurnal behavior of EAB adults, in addition to examining how their behaviors associated with reproduction varied in relation to the size and condition of host trees. We observed most EAB adults between 11:00 and 15:00, and this pattern was the same for both sexes and for all of the specific behaviors examined (feeding, flying, mating, resting, and walking). Regarding host tree size and crown condition, we consistently found that the most EAB eggs, adults, mating pairs, and ovipositing females were observed on intermediately stressed trees with 40–60 % crown reductions (likely resulting from earlier EAB infestations). Additionally, host tree crown condition appeared to be a more important factor than diameter at breast height. Our results therefore provide support to the hypothesis that host tree crown (stressing) condition influences EAB oviposition behavior. Determining which trees are likely to contain the most EAB eggs should help to guide efforts for releasing and promoting the establishment of parasitoids utilized in biologic control. However, future work should attempt to experimentally test the hypothesis that host tree condition (e.g., crown reduction) drives EAB oviposition behavior, and investigate the fitness implications of these host choices.     

Feeding and mating behaviour of Chinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax (Diptera,Tephritidae) in the field

The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a major tephritid fruit fly pest that infests Citrus spp. fruits. The pest was removed from the national quarantine pest list in China in 2009 owing to its wide spread across the country, and it is currently considered a major threat to citrus industry in Asia. The frequent high infestation levels of B. minax in China emphasize the need for a more comprehensive understanding of its biology and ecology so that more efficient control measures can be developed and applied. In the framework of developing a sterile insect technique program against B. minax, we studied the feeding and mating activities of B. minax in situ (Citrus orchards and surrounding habitats) through open field surveys and video recordings. In the pre-oviposition period, sexually immature adults largely foraged for food (e.g. honeydew from aphids, nectar and sooty mould) on non-host plants. Then, sexually mature adult flies shifted to lick sooty moulds, bird faeces and, to a lesser extent, an unknown substance on the Citrus leaves and fruits during the mating and oviposition periods. Finally, during the post-oviposition period, the flies were observed feeding on ooze from grapes. The mating behaviour patterns of B. minax in the field were described as follows: first, the male established its territory close to the potential oviposition substrate (Citrus fruit), second, the female landed on the fruit and began inspection and ovipositor boring behaviour on the fruit surface (no male courtship observed e.g. wing vibration), and third, the male mounted and copulated with the female. The present study shed light on the feeding ecology and mating behaviour of B. minax in the field; this knowledge will facilitate development of better management strategies against this tephritid fly.     

金斑蝶成虫行为学特征

[目的]为摸清金斑蝶成虫的行为特征,[方法]在田间的网室内跟踪观察其飞行、取食、求偶、交配和产卵行为。[结果]表明:金斑蝶成虫羽化主要集中在8:00—10:00,成虫羽化当天基本处于停歇状态;羽化第2天起至交配前,雌雄成虫的日平均飞行次数及日平均飞行时间均逐渐增加,雄成虫的日飞行高峰在13:00—15:00,雌成虫的日飞行高峰期在9:00—11:00和15:00—17:00,雌雄成虫的日平均飞行次数、平均飞行时间和日飞行规律的差异均不显著(p0.05);飞行次数与飞行时间均呈显著正相关(雌蝶:r=0.978,p0.05;雄蝶:r=0.957,p0.05)。金斑蝶雌雄成虫羽化次日开始取食,自羽化第2天起,雌雄成虫的日平均取食次数及日平均取食时间均逐渐增加,雄虫的日取食活动高峰期在9:00—11:00,雌虫日访花高峰期在11:00—13:00和15:00—17:00,雌雄成虫的日平均取食次数、平均取食时间和日取食规律的差异均不显著(p0.05);取食次数与取食时间均呈不显著正相关(雌蝶:r=0.949,p0.05;雄蝶:r=0.853,p0.05)。最早交配时间发生在羽化第4天,雌雄成虫均可多次交配,交配主要发生在14:00—16:00。产卵时间主要在11:00—13:00,雌成虫的产卵方式为散产,主要产卵于寄主植物叶片背面。[结论]金斑蝶成虫期可分为运动器官成熟阶段、补充营养和促进生殖器官发育阶段、求偶和交配阶段、产卵等4个阶段,各阶段内行为有交叉。     

光肩星天牛成虫寄主选择中的"记忆效应"

2004年和2005年,对羽化于5种树种的光肩星天牛成虫在5种相同寄主树种上的停留、取食、交配、刻槽、产卵等5个寄主选择指标进行了试验.从总体结果看,光肩星天牛成虫在进行寄主选择时,对原寄主具有一定“记忆效应”.具体来讲,受到嗜好树种复叶槭的影响,来源不同的光肩星天牛成虫在停留、取食和交配3个指标上没有表现出很强的“记忆效应”.但就刻槽和产卵两个指标而言,光肩星天牛成虫在其来源树种上的比率最高,“记忆效应”表现得十分明显.该结果为在多树种合理配置中发挥诱饵树作用提供了较好的理论依据.     

Behavior of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in Captivity during Mating Season

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Behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in captivity during mating season

From 1991 to 1992, we observed behavior of 7 brown bears (5 females, 2 males) in mating season. Results showed that the oestrus of brown bears was mainly from May to July. The oestrus of most individuals occurred at the end of May and the beginning of June. There were some differences in the oestrus among individuals. Average duration of the oestrus was 30.8 days (16–50 days). The mating behavior was mainly observed during 8.00–9.00 a.m., and 15.00–16.00 p.m., Rest and sleep were the next behavior after mating for most bears, especially for male bears. All bears had poor appetite. The pattern and process of a successful mating was that a male bear approached a female, smelled the pudendum of the female, climbed on female hip, mated, parted and rested. Oestrus females approached males sometimes. (Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi)     

云斑天牛的交配产卵行为

采用室内试验与室外观察相结合的方法研究云斑天牛的交配及产卵行为。结果表明:云斑天牛一次完整的交配过程包括相遇抱对、插入输精和配后保护3个阶段。在交配过程中雄虫有多次插入输精现象,一次完整的交配过程平均需要17.81min。其中,输精前抱对平均时间为2.16min,总输精时间平均为10.28min,交配过程中每次插入输精时间平均为23.4s,配后保护时间为5.37min。野外交配行为与室内试验结果一致。云斑天牛雌、雄个体交配次数差异很大,而且寄主植物对云斑天牛聚集和交配有明显影响。不同补充营养寄主对产卵量的影响试验中,云斑天牛取食光皮桦和法国冬青的枝皮面积(572.47,370.83mm2)以及取食后的平均每天每头产卵量(2.44和1.80粒)最大,显著高于杨树、核桃和旱柳(P<0.05)。对产卵诱木的选择试验中,在杨树和核桃木段上的产卵量最大。羽化出孔后单独饲养8天的云斑天牛在第10到14天之间达到产卵高峰期。