夏季热应激对鸡群的危害和防治措施

鸡的热应激又称鸡的中暑症，是由于环境温度的升高，导致鸡体内温度急剧上升而发生的生理机能紊乱。它通过改变机体生理生化反应，使鸡的呼吸频率加快，采食量降低，产蛋鸡蛋形变小，蛋壳变薄变脆，产蛋率下降，肉鸡生长速度降低。更加严重的导致热衰竭，在短时间内造成鸡的死亡。     

当前产蛋鸡群出现产蛋下降的原因及对策

近期大部分地区出现了产蛋鸡群产蛋率下降的问题,轻度的鸡群产蛋率下降一至两成,严重的鸡群产蛋率下降到一成。在产蛋率回升的时候有的回升很快,有的回升很慢,给广大的养殖户带来严重的经济损失。现将引起产蛋下降的原因及对策介绍如下。     

热应激对鸡群的危害及防治措施

热应激会诱发鸡群一系列的生理、生化反应,造成采食量和产蛋量等生产性能的下降,严重时导致热衰竭,甚至出现死亡,给养鸡殖带来极大的危害。通过耐热品种选育、环境改善、饲养管理、及抗应激添加剂应用等措施的并用调制,减少应激源,提高抗应激的能力,从而获得更好的养殖效益。     

病毒性传染病对产蛋鸡群的影响及其防制措施

鸡群在产蛋期感染疫病常常造成产蛋量下降或无产蛋高峰期出现，使养殖户遭受巨大的经济损失。有些疫病可能造成较高的死亡率，但对产蛋率的影响较小；有些疫病对鸡群的生殖器官和生产性能影响较大，而对鸡群的发病率和死亡率影响较小甚至没有影响。后一种情况是养殖户最近几年经常遇到的难题。究竟哪些疫病会严重影响鸡群的产蛋率？它们有什么特点？怎样有效地去预防这些疫病？本文针对上述问题进行探讨，仅供广大养殖户参考。     

夏季产蛋鸡热应激致病机理及防治措施

2012年7月,笔者走访福建和江西的蛋鸡养殖场,发现无论是个体养殖户还是规模化养殖公司,产蛋鸡在产蛋期都会出现死亡现象,且气温越高死亡率越大,死亡鸡只多在午后或傍晚发生。主要特征是薄壳蛋增多,蛋白稀薄,产蛋率下降,导致严重的经济损失。笔者综合分析所得数据,认为引起产蛋下降的主要原因是热应激诱发蛋鸡产蛋量下降及部分鸡只死亡。     

热应激对家禽的危害和防治措施

热应激导致鸡群采食量降低，并严重影响鸡的饲料转化率、增重和产蛋等生产性能，给养禽业带来较大的经济损失。热应激使蛋鸡产蛋率下降，蛋重减轻、破损率提高。种蛋受精率和孵化率降低，而且会导致鸡的抵抗力和免疫力下降甚至死亡。我区地处沙漠的边缘，夏季气候炎热干燥。如何减轻热应擞反应，提高鸡群的生产水平一直是各养鸡场关注的问题。     

鸡热应激的危害及防治措施

我国大部分地区夏季炎热期达3个月之久，长江以南地区高温持续时间更长，严重影响鸡群的生长和生产性能，导致鸡群采食量减少，体重下降，肉仔鸡生长缓慢，蛋鸡产蛋率下降，给养鸡业带来重大经济损失。因此，在夏季必须重视鸡舍的防暑降温，加强饲养管理，并通过某些营养素的调节来改善热应激造成的鸡群生产性能的下降，确保鸡群能安全渡夏，从而提高鸡群在热应激状态下的经济效益。     

热应激对种鸡的危害及缓解措施

<正>1热应激对种鸡造成的危害1.1采食量减少。1.2产蛋率下降,蛋重减轻,蛋壳质量差,破壳蛋增多,产软壳蛋和薄壳蛋。1.3死淘率增加。1.4种公鸡精液品质差,精液量减少,受精率降低。2热应激缓解措施采用综合防制措施,防暑降温,改善饲养管理,调整营养浓度,调整电解质平衡,添加抗应激     

鸡群产蛋下降的原因分析及防制措施

2007-2009年,在全国许多地区发生了鸡群产蛋下降的情况,给广大养殖户造成了较大的经济损失。引起蛋鸡和种鸡产蛋期间产蛋下降的原因很多,但通过对我所技术中心和易邦公司技术中心收集的病历进行统计,     

如何避免热应激对产蛋鸡群的影响

夏季天气炎热，在高温的环境中鸡群的很多生理功能都会发生变化，特别是鸡体体温调节、水盐代谢、消化、循环、神经、内分泌系统，这些变化一旦不能很好适应环境，鸡群就会有各种不舒适感，导致鸡体内温度急剧升高而发生生理机能紊乱的一种过热症这就是鸡群热应激，也叫鸡中暑症。由于鸡没有汗腺，有比较高的深部体温，其全身被覆羽毛，能产生非常好的隔热效果，主要靠呼吸系统散热来调节体温。     

产蛋期蛋鸡接种油剂疫苗防应激

对家禽实施免疫接种是有效控制家禽传染病的重要方法,但在免疫操作过程中总或多或少地造成家禽应激反应,尤其产蛋期蛋鸡,最明显的反应是产蛋量急剧下降,给养殖户造成很大的经济损失,为了既有效地对产蛋期蛋鸡实施免疫接种,又科学地预防和减少应激反应．必须采取以下防治对策。     

A simple way to reduce heat stress in laying hens as judged by egg laying, body weight gain and biochemical parameters

This study was designed to test the effects of feed withdrawal and darkening on the performance, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and some blood serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 degrees C. Ninety, 16-week-old hens (Ross Brown) were divided into 3 groups, 30 hens each. The first group was used as control. Hens in the second group (feed withdrawal) were subjected to feed removal from 14:00 to 18:00, and hens in the third group (darkening) were subjected to light restriction from 14:00 to 18:00 using black curtains. Liveweight, feed intake, and egg production were higher (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups, particularly in the darkening group, than in the control. Water intake was higher in the control group compared with the feed withdrawal and darkening groups (P < 0.01). T3, T4, and TSH concentrations in the serum were higher (P < 0.01), whereas ACTH serum concentration was lower (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control. The haematocrit was higher in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control (P < 0.01). Darkening and feed withdrawal treatments increased serum glucose, urea-N, uric acid, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K concentrations, also the activities of amylase and alkaline phosphatase, but did not influence the activities of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The present study found that feed withdrawal and darkening, particularly darkening, at high temperatures during the summer months offer a good management practice to reduce heat stress related depression in feed intake and egg production in laying hens.     

热应激蛋鸡适宜钙磷水平研究

选用36周龄新扬州鸡产蛋母鸡600只,按2×2因子安排的完全随机设计分为4组（高钙低磷组、高钙高磷组、低钙低磷组、低钙高磷组）,每组5个重复,分别饲喂不同钙磷水平的玉米-豆粕型日粮,在热应激条件下（8：00～18：00维持36．5±3℃,其余时间29．1±3℃）饲养42d（包括14d预饲期、28d试验期）,研究饲粮不同钙磷水平对热应激产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血液生化指标的影响。高钙高磷组平均产蛋率不同程度高于其它3组（P〉0．05或P〈0．05）,蛋比重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳比例等蛋品质指标也均显著高于其它3组（P〈0．05）,各组间血清中钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平差异不显著（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,热应激条件下,饲粮钙磷水平分别为3．5％、0．32％,二者比例约11：1时,蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质质量及血液生化指标最为理想。     

蛋鸭高产高效养殖技术措施

近年来,大棚集约化饲养蛋鸭技术得到迅速推广,农户的饲养规模一般在500-5000只,如果通过公司加农户的模式,规模可发展到万只以上。同时围绕蛋鸭生产的各种服务也渐趋完善,鸭蛋、鸭肉产品加工技术不断提高,蛋鸭产品市场正由南方各省向北方地区拓展,从而为发展蛋鸭规模化养殖生产提供了良好的技术保障和广阔的市场前景。     

蛋鸡啄肛的原因分析及预防措施

啄肛是产蛋鸡群中最常见的恶癖之一,本病在治疗上也有很大的难处,易一再反复且治疗效果不明显.啄肛具有成瘾性,治愈特别困难,应以预防为主,在饲养过程中应做好日常饲养管理工作,以杜绝啄肛的发生.     

养好产蛋鸡的措施

<正>一、把好13关1.通风关。如夏季天气炎热且降雨较多使鸡舍内潮湿闷热、异味较强,进而为多种病原体及昆虫提供了较好的滋生和繁殖条件,所以夏季应通过搞好通风工作,将鸡舍内的不良气体和多余的水分排出。2.降温关。蛋鸡最佳产蛋温度为18～25℃,最高不超过28℃,超过30℃时产蛋率就会明显下降甚至中暑,所以应通过遮阳减少辐射和通风加快蒸发、制冷,降低鸡舍内温度,有条件的必要时用空调降温。     

奶牛热应激的检测方法及防治措施

奶牛热应激导致奶牛生产和繁殖性能下降、疾病的发生率增加,给奶牛饲养者造成严重的经济损失。在实际生产中建立了较为科学的检测方法,并通过日粮、饲养管理、添加抗应激药物和选育耐热品种等几个方面对奶牛热应激进行调控。     

Diurnal variation in heat production related to some physical activities in laying hens

1. Heat production, standing and eating activities, and hourly food intake of 4 laying hens were observed simultaneously and the effects of activity and food intake on heat production were studied. 2. Average heat production during the dark period (20.00 to 06.00 h) was 18.9 kJ/kgW0.75 h which was 33% lower than that during the light period. About 76% of the light-dark difference in the rate of heat production was probably associated with activity and posture. 3. Standing time, which included a range of behavioural activities, occupied 90% of the light period and the increased rate of heat production associated with standing was estimated to be about 18% of daily heat production. 4. Eating time occupied 40% of the light period; the heat production associated with eating activity represented about 5% of daily heat production or 3% of ME intake. 5. Because the regression of heat production on time spent eating agreed with the regression of heat production on hourly food intake, it is suggested that the energy expenditure associated with ad libitum feeding can be estimated for hens from the regression of heat production on hourly food intake.