水牛体内两种新的锡叶吸虫

1981～1983年在浙江水牛瘤胃内发现了两种新的锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle)。(1)钱江锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle qianjiangense se.nov.):发现于钱塘江沿岸的富阳、萧山、余姚和鄞县等地,其主要特征为两枚睾丸小而呈圆形,边缘光滑而无缺刻,前后排列并有相当间距;劳氏管和排泄管不交叉;肠支长而无扭曲;根据这些特点可与短肠锡叶吸虫(C.br-vicaeca Waug,1966)、弯肠锡叶吸虫(C.sinuccoelium Waug,1959)和侧肠锡叶吸虫(C.scolicoelium Fischoeder,1901)等相区别。(2)台州锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle taizho-uense sp·nov):发现于黄岩县,其主要特征是虫体椭圆形,宽而短,体宽与体长比为1:1.87,食道甚短,肠管粗而直,肠支分叉处很细而呈肩状,可与其他锡叶吸虫相区别。     

羊双腔吸虫病的诊治

<正>双腔吸虫病是由矛形双腔吸虫和中华双腔吸虫等寄生于家畜肝脏的胆管和胆囊内所引起的疾病。1病原介绍矛形双腔吸虫的虫体扁平、透明,呈棕红色,肉眼可见内部器官表面光滑,前端尖细,后端较钝,呈矛状;体长5~15mm、宽1.5~2.5mm。腹吸盘大于口吸盘。睾丸两个,近圆形或稍分叶,前后排列或斜列于腹吸盘之后。睾丸后方偏右侧为卵巢和受精囊,卵黄腺呈小颗粒状,分布于虫体中部两侧。虫体后部为充满虫卵的曲折子宫。虫卵呈卵圆形或椭圆     

鸡吸血虫病的病原特点及临床症状

1病原特点 前殖吸虫病是由前殖科前殖属的多种吸虫寄生于鸡、鸭、鹅等禽、鸟类的直肠、泄殖腔、腔上囊和输卵管内引起的,常导致母禽产蛋异常,甚至死亡。虫体呈棕红色,扁平梨形或卵圆形,体长3～6毫米,宽1～2毫米。口吸盘位于虫体前端,腹吸盘在肠管分叉,2个椭圆或卵圆形睾丸,左右并列于虫体中部两侧。     

鸭几种寄生虫病的诊治

1后睾吸虫病 鸭后睾吸虫虫体较长,大小为7～23毫米×1.0～1.5毫米,口吸盘大于腹吸盘。虫体窄长,大小为14～24毫米×0.88～1.12毫米,口吸盘大于腹吸盘。睾丸球状,前后排列在虫体后部。虫卵呈卵圆形,一端有盖,另一端有较尖的刺突。     

牛羊肝片吸虫病的治疗与预防

肝片形吸虫病是牛羊的主要寄生虫病之一，是由肝片吸虫和大片吸虫寄生于牛羊的肝脏胆管所致。本病能引起急性或慢性肝炎和胆管炎，并伴发全身性中毒现象和营养障碍。幼畜常因此病导致大批死亡。慢性和隐性症状的患畜可因消瘦、发育不良及毛、乳产量显著降低而造成严重损失。1病原属片形属吸虫。有两个种：肝片吸虫，大片吸虫。肝片吸虫外观呈叶状，新鲜虫体呈棕红色，长20～40mm，宽10～13mm，前部突出呈锥形，口吸盘位于锥形前端；锥形后，虫体左右展开形成“肩”。腹吸盘位于腹面中线上的肩水平位置，虫体中部最宽，向后逐渐变窄，两根高度分支的肠管沿虫体两侧分布，与褐色的卯黄腺相重叠。睾丸高度分支，     

江西家鸭肠内印度光隙吸虫(Psilochasmus indicus Gupta)形态结构初报

常规实验室吸虫染色方法制作印度光隙吸虫标本,置显微镜下观察虫体外形、内部结构,测微尺测量虫体及各器官结构大小,用数码相机显微照相。结果表明,成虫腹吸盘大,有非常强的肌肉结构,明显突出体外一侧,使体前段往背部弯曲,纵轴两侧不对称,体后端于睾丸之后渐变尖,尾部稍长尖,口吸盘远小于腹吸盘。两睾丸椭圆形略有缺刻,雄茎囊大而长较为明显;卵巢长椭圆形,受精囊不明显,泡状卵黄腺分布虫体肠支外侧,起于腹吸盘下延伸至睾丸后;生殖孔不在叉肠下而在腹吸盘前方较远距离处。     

牛羊片形吸虫病的药物防治

片形吸虫分肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫 肝片形吸虫虫体背腹扁平,外观呈柳树叶片状,刚从胆管取出时呈棕红色（图-1）,固定后变为灰白色。其大小随发育程度不同差别很大,一般成熟的虫体大小为21～41毫米&#215;9～14毫米,体表生有许多小棘。虫体前部较后部宽,前端呈短锥形,锥底突然变宽,呈双肩样突出。虫卵（图-2）呈椭圆形,金黄色,前端较窄,有1个不明显的卵盖,后端较钝。卵壳薄而透明,卵内充满卵黄细胞和1个胚细胞,虫卵大小为133～157微米&#215;74～91微米。     

绵羊肝蛭病的诊治

<正> 自2006年5月份以来,我县一些大型肉羊养殖园区和部分肉羊养殖户的绵羊时常发肝蛭病(片形吸虫病),该病的特点是片形吸虫的成虫寄生在绵羊的肝脏、胆管中,引起绵羊下颌肿胀、不吃、下痢、贫血等症状发生急性或慢性肝炎和胆管炎,严重时伴有全身中毒和营养不良,生长发育受到影响,毛、肉品质显著降低,大批肝脏废弃,甚至引起大量绵羊死亡,造成的损失很大。1 病原绵羊肝蛭病的病原是片形吸虫,寄生于绵羊的肝脏、胆管中,虫体呈扁平叶状,长20～35毫米,宽5～13毫米,自胆管内取出的新鲜活虫为棕红色,固定后呈灰白色,其前端呈圆锥状突起,基部变宽,肩部以后逐渐变窄,体表生有许多小刺,两个分枝状的睾丸前后排列于虫体的中后部。2 症状病羊精神沉郁,食欲减退,反刍迟缓,体温升高,眼睑、下领、胸下及腹下部出现水肿,呼吸促迫,脉搏加快,不同程度喘吸流涎,鼻发鼾声,心律不齐,偶有腹泻,病程继续发展时,食欲趋于消失,表现卡他性肠炎,黏膜苍白,贫血。羊的被毛粗乱,无光泽,脆而易断,有局部脱     

我省发现鸡蛋内透明前殖孔吸虫

1988年春节,我站从湘潭市肉食水产公司购回一批来自长沙某鸡场的冷藏鸡蛋100公斤。在一鸡蛋清里发现两条吸虫,随即将虫体挑出,用生理盐水漂洗,染色镜检。虫体似爪子形,体长9.0—10.0毫米,宽3.5—4.0毫米。口吸盘近圆形,直径为0.85—0.9毫米。腹吸盘圆形,直径为0.85—0.95毫米,位于虫体上1/3处。口、腹吸盘大小相等。睾丸呈卵圆形,大小为0.9—1.0×0.6—0.65毫米,位于虫体下2/3处。贮精囊呈旋曲状,     

雏鹅卷棘口吸虫与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

卷棘口吸虫是棘口科的各属吸虫之通称。家禽的棘口吸虫病是由棘口科棘口属的吸虫寄生于鸡、鸭、鹅等禽鸟类的直肠和盲肠。除鸡、鸭、鹅外,猪、猫、家鼠、兔和人均可感染,对雏禽危害较大。虫体呈细长叶状,呈肉红色,体表具有小刺。体长7．6～12．6毫米,最大宽度1．26-1．6毫米。中间宿主为螺蛳、蝌蚪,鹅吞含有囊蚴的中间宿主而被感染。     

向海地区绿头鸭体内1膜壳属(Hymenolepis spp.)绦虫的分离鉴定

为了对绿头鸭肠道内分离的绦虫进行种属鉴定,本试验对向海地区的10只绿头鸭小肠内分离出的3条绦虫进行了形态学和分子生物学的鉴定。经形态学观察测量发现,该绦虫为小型绦虫,全长35 mm,头节呈球形,具有4个吸盘和1个短而圆、可自由伸缩的顶突。顶突上有20～30个小钩,排成一圈。成节有3个圆球形的睾丸,横列在节片中部,储精囊较发达,符合膜壳属绦虫的形态学特征。扩增cox1基因序列并进行序列建树分析,结果支持该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。综合该虫的形态学特征及分子生物学分析,确定该绦虫为膜壳属绦虫。     

我国原麝一个新的分布省、区——陕西省黄龙山区

在陕西省北部宜川县黄龙山区捕获的10只（4♂,6♀均成体）麝类标本,经鉴定为原麝（Moschus moschiferusLinnaeus,1758）。它与分布于陕西南部的秦岭、大巴山一带的林麝（Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929）有明显区别,二者不同处为：1）原麝背毛终身具淡黄褐色斑点,而林麝成体无斑点;2）原麝体型稍大,体长一般800.00～900.00 mm,林麝体型稍小,体长一般700.00～800.00 mm;3）原麝头骨之泪骨宽度大于长度,林麝头骨之泪骨一般长宽相等。标本现保存在陕西省宜川县林业局。原麝发现于陕西省北部的黄龙山区,是继分布在我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、新疆、内蒙古、山西6省（自治区）之后的第7个新的分布省。原麝资源的不断扩大,对于保护及利用这一珍贵物种有重要意义。     

Positional strategy of trunk muscles among aquatic,semi-aquatic and terrestrial species in Urodela

Clarification of the trunk structure in Urodela is important in understanding the locomotive evolution of basal tetrapods. The components of the muscular trunk wall among Urodela using different modes of locomotion were compared. Since the whole trunk may be used for swimming and the effect of limbs may be small in the more aquatic species, they showed smaller differences in the trunk muscles among anterior, middle and posterior sections of the trunk. By contrast, in the more terrestrial species, the dorsal and abdominal muscles are larger in the middle section than those in the anterior and posterior sections. High compressive stresses occur in the supporting limbs and their insertion at the trunk on the ventral side, and spread from the forelimbs along the back to the supporting hindlimbs on the dorsal side. Tensile stresses occur in the middle ventral part. The components of the trunk muscles among the three sections may reflect differences in stresses occurring in the trunk of the more terrestrial species. The findings also suggest that in the middle section, larger dorsal muscles for stiffening the back to maintain posture and larger abdominal muscles are responsible for balancing the body weight while it is supported by the limbs in the more terrestrial species.     

中国秦岭地区红腹锦鸡的冬季食性和消化道

于2002-2003年对陕西省秦岭红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)的冬季食性和消化道的形态结构进行了研究.利用标准分类法鉴定了嗉囊中的食物种类.红腹锦鸡冬季为植食性,食物包括农作物和其他种类等至少14种植物.红腹锦鸡消化道由食道、胃、小肠(标准体长的3.4倍)、两个发达的盲肠和较短的直肠组成,具典型的植食性鸟类的特征.肌胃中含有大小不等(直径为0.5-3 mm)的石粒,石粒的平均干重10.4±2.5 g,与肌胃中食糜的重量成正相关(Pearson r=0.747,P<0.01,n=37).红腹锦鸡消化道粘膜呈弱酸性,尤以嗉囊和肌胃粘膜酸性较强.     

Total body and regional measurements of bone mineral content and bone mineral density in pigs by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to make total body and regional measurements of bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and bone area during the growth of pigs from 3 to 138 kg. In all, 1,053 total body scans were performed on 587 live pigs. Regional measurements consisted of the front legs, trunk, and back legs. In addition, bone mineral density readings were recorded for the head, pelvis, spine, and ribs. From about 5 to 75 kg, a greater percentage of the total body bone mineral content (BMC) was located in the trunk region. However, the percentage of BMC in the front and back legs continued to increase linearly whereas the percentage of BMC in the trunk region peaked at about 25 kg and then decreased logarithmically. Allometric analysis revealed that up to about 30 kg the BMC increased more rapidly in the trunk region compared to the front or back leg regions (P > 0.05), but after 30 kg the increase in BMC was more rapid in the leg regions (P < 0.05). Overall, the rate of increase in BMC in the back legs was slightly more than in the front legs (P > 0.05). Positive allometric growth of BMC was observed when compared with the increase in bone area for the same region. By far, the highest measured level of bone mineral density (BMD) was in the head region (P < 0.05), followed in order by the front legs, spine, back legs, pelvis, and ribs. Over the entire range of growth from 3 to 138 kg, the highest relative growth coefficient for the increase in BMD occurred in the pelvic and back leg regions and the lowest was in the ribs (P < 0.05). For pigs < 30 kg, the highest growth coefficient for BMD relative to BW was in the spine (P > 0.05). The growth coefficients for BMD in the back legs and total body increased in pigs > 30 kg and those of the front legs and trunk regions decreased.     

秦川牛早期起源的形态学初探

[目的]为进一步深入研究秦川牛遗传多样性及品种资源的保护与可持续利用性.[方法]本研究对秦川牛起源进行了初步调查.研究主要针对商代至唐代的牛种的形态学变化,从古代牛种的角、头部、颈部、鬐甲部、胸深、背部和股部七个方面的形态学特征的演化过程角度对秦川牛的起源进行探索.[结果]发现,由商代晚期至唐代中期的约两千年中,古代牛种的体质外貌明显向适于役用的方向进化,两汉时期是古牛种的重要转折期,[结论]从南北朝到唐代牛种逐渐演化出与现代秦川牛极为相似的特征.     

一种用于远程注射器的发射装置应用介绍

如今动物园给野生动物注射药物时,依靠吹管和气枪来发射,但有时相当的不便。本实用新型涉及了一种用于远程注射器的发射装置,包括发射本体,所述发射本体包括托架、管体、端盖;所述托架上设置有支架,所述管体置于托架上,所述端盖位于支架的后侧,所述端盖的前侧设置有从后至前口径依次缩小的固定部,所述端盖的固定部向前穿过支架,管体的后端与对应口径的固定部连接;所述管体与托架在靠近前端的位置通过连接件连接。旨在为日后的应用做出贡献。     

Relationships between monounsaturated fatty acids of marbling flecks and image analysis traits in longissimus muscle for Japanese Black steers

The percentage of MUFA to total fatty acids of beef differs among intermuscular, intramuscular, and subcutaneous fat even within an individual cow. Our objective was to investigate the variation of the percentage of MUFA by geometric and sectional change of marbling flecks in rib eye. Longissimus muscles of 8 Japanese Black steers from a common sire and a common maternal grand sire were used. Three slices (1 from rib roast and 2 from sirloin) from each animal were selected for analysis. Five marbling flecks from each slice were randomly taken to obtain the percentage of MUFA using gas chromatography. High-quality digital images of all slices were taken with a mirror-type camera. The area and location of each marbling fleck were calculated by image analysis. The marbling flecks were categorized by area [small <0.4 cm(2), medium 0.4 to 2.0 cm(2), large >2.0 cm(2)], by location (dorsal and ventral), and by slice section through the LM (front, middle, and back). The effects of classification according to the area, location, and slice section were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the percentage of MUFA. Least squares means of the percentage of MUFA for marbling flecks of sizes small, medium, and large were 56.8, 58.4, and 60.2%, respectively, indicating that larger marbling flecks had greater MUFA (P < 0.05). Those of dorsal, ventral, front, middle, and back were 59.1, 57.8, 55.4, 59.9, and 60.1%, respectively. The percentages of MUFA of the marbling flecks located in the dorsal part were greater than those in the ventral part (P < 0.05). The percentages of MUFA from middle and back were greater than those from front (P < 0.01). We suggest that the area, location, and slice section of marbling would be the determining factors for the percentage of MUFA of marbling.     

Larval development of the Cape silverside,Atherina breviceps Cuv. & Val., 1835 (Teleostei,Atherinidae) from southern Africa

The egg and larval development of the Cape silverside, Atherina breviceps, are described and illustrated from material collected in the Swartvlei estuary. The eggs are spherical, 1,40-1,65 mm in diameter, with 6-12 uniformly spaced chorionic filaments attached at both ends to the chorion. TTie latter condition and the small size of the eggs are unique among the Atherina species. The larvae examined (5,1-15,7 mm) are elongate, have a yolk sac at hatching and are characterized by distinct body pigmentation and a prominent gas bladder. Flexion occurs between 7,6-11,2 mm, all fin elements are formed by 15,7 mm and scales develop by 20,0 mm. We compare the larval development of A breviceps with that of other atherinids and discuss the spawning of this species and the seasonal occurrence of larvae along the southern coast of Africa.