电解水对荞麦芽酚酸含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为了能够更好地将发芽荞麦用作制备功能食品的原料,本研究采用理化指标不同的电解水制备荞麦芽,考察荞麦的发芽率及芽长、总酚含量、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力,以及铁离子还原力在发芽期间的动态变化,并分析各处理组发芽第7天荞麦芽中游离酚和结合酚种类和含量。结果表明,在7 d观测期内,电解水有利于荞麦发芽及生长。不同评价方法测定荞麦芽抗氧化能力的结果显示,pH值11.13电解水处理组发芽1~3 d荞麦芽总酚含量及抗氧化水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而pH值3.21、pH值5.02和pH值9.02电解水处理组发芽5~7 d荞麦芽总酚含量及抗氧化水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各处理组荞麦芽中主要的游离酚均为绿原酸,且电解水处理组荞麦芽游离绿原酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。自来水处理组荞麦芽主要结合酚为香豆酸,而电解水处理组荞麦芽主要结合酚为咖啡酸。本研究结果为电解水应用于功能性荞麦芽的制备提供了理论依据。     

新型种芽菜栽培技术

种芽菜是指利用种子中贮存的养分直接培育成功嫩的芽或芽苗（多数子叶展开、真叶露心）,如黄豆、绿豆、赤豆等,以及香椿、豌豆、萝卜、荞麦、苜蓿等。现将种芽菜多层立体、苗盘纸床、无土免营养液集约化生产的栽培管理技术介绍如下。     

水杨酸调控芥菜芽苗生理及褪黑素代谢研究

为探讨水杨酸(SA)处理对芥菜芽苗生理及褪黑素代谢的影响,本研究设置喷施SA处理,并以喷施蒸馏水为对照,研究发芽期间芥菜芽苗主要生理生化变化,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术研究褪黑素合成关键酶基因表达的变化.结果表明,SA处理抑制了芽苗生长,生物量显著下降(P＜0.05),电解质渗透率、游离蛋白质含量、...     

紫外处理和热激处理调控芥菜芽苗主要生理生化及褪黑素富集研究

为研究紫外处理和热激处理对芥菜芽苗生理生化及其褪黑素富集的调控机制,本试验以芥菜籽粒为试材,研究经紫外处理和热激处理芥菜芽苗的主要生理生化指标及褪黑素合成关键酶基因表达情况。结果表明,经紫外处理和热激处理后,发芽期间,芥菜芽苗的芽长显著低于对照组(CK),可溶性蛋白含量和总抗氧化能力均显著高于CK(P<0.05),在观察时间点(4 和7 d),热激处理发芽4 d的芥菜芽苗褪黑素含量最高,分别是CK和紫外处理的2.89和2.47倍。发芽期间,紫外处理和热激处理各关键酶基因表达量存在显著差异,热激处理4 d时芥菜芽苗TDC2、T5H2及SNAT4的表达量较CK均显著上调,而SNAT2及ASMT3的表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。本研究表明热激处理可作为芥菜芽苗富集褪黑素的有效手段。     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接与一年生实生苗嫁接对比试验初报

以油茶为研究对象,对比芽苗砧嫁接和一年实生苗嫁接的各项指数。结果发现,油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗相较于油茶实生苗嫁接苗成活率高14%;达到一年生合格苗标准的芽苗砧嫁接苗比实生苗嫁接苗快6个月;芽苗砧嫁接苗的苗木质量有优势,一年生实生苗嫁接苗木的根系发达程度有优势;苗木培育成本方面,芽苗砧嫁接苗相对较低。因此,油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗经济效益好,苗木质量较优。     

以荞麦种植为突破口助力乡村振兴思考

在国家实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,探索振兴战略实施的方式、方法和可行性成为人们关注的焦点。就当前大背景下,针对西北农村经济发展现状,以荞麦种植为突破口,论证了荞麦种植在西北乡村振兴中的地位和作用,并对荞麦深加工产品的市场前景和以荞麦为主题打造旅游业的突破口进行了深入研究,为实现西北乡村振兴提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

不同植物生长调节剂组合对马褂木继代增殖的影响

本文以MS为基本培养基,探讨植物生长调节剂对马褂木组织培养芽苗继代增殖的影响。研究结果表明,不同的植物生长调节剂种类和浓度组合对继代芽苗的增殖有明显的影响。     

橡胶树小苗芽接不同叶蓬的芽片质量和芽接效果比较分析

芽接是橡胶树常用的无性繁殖方法,芽条是芽接苗的主要组成部分,而用于芽接的芽片质量及芽接效果尚不明确.本研究采取叶蓬物候稳定的5蓬叶芽条作为芽接材料,观测橡胶树不同叶蓬的芽片对小苗芽接成活率及生长势的影响.结果表明:橡胶树5蓬叶的芽条中,第2蓬叶的芽眼数、可用芽片、有效芽片利用率及芽接成活率最高,是进行小苗芽接的最优选择...     

油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术浅析

采用油茶芽苗砧嫁接技术育苗的成活率较高,适用于大规模育苗,经济效益较好,是目前应用最为广泛的油茶育苗技术之一。基于此,结合广西国有三门江林场的实际情况,从苗圃地选择、采集砧种、培育砧木、选择接穗、嫁接、芽苗栽植及芽苗管理等多个环节介绍油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术。     

生物质能研究现状及展望

生物质能是当前能源和生态环境领域研究的热点。该文鉴于目前能源、生态环境状况以及生物质能的利用现状、所处的战略地位，对当前生物质能研究的四个热点：生物质能开发利用潜力、生物质能利用对生态环境影响、生物质能开发利用技术研究、生物质能开发利用可行性分析及其发展前景进行了阐述，同时就发展生物质能需要解决的问题作了简要的分析,进而对生物质能开发利用研究有个全面的科学的认识。在能源需求、生态环境保护和发展经济的拉动下，生物质能在未来将具有广阔的发展前景。     

喷洒微酸性电解水对荞麦芽菜生长的影响

针对荞麦(F.tatarium)芽菜生产过程中微生物污染造成的烂种、烂苗和食品安全问题,该文利用微酸性电解水在荞麦芽菜浸种和发芽过程中进行喷洒,考察微酸性电解水对荞麦种子发芽特性、种子表面微生物和芽菜品质的影响。试验结果表明:荞麦种子浸种宜采用有效氯浓度(available chlorine concentration,ACC)为40mg/L、pH值为5.0的微酸性电解水,发芽过程喷洒ACC为50mg/L的微酸性电解水能有效控制荞麦芽菜表面细菌和真菌数量,增加芽菜的苗高以及还原糖、芦丁含量,对芽菜产量和干质量无影响。     

Use of cyclic voltammetry, photochemiluminescence, and spectrophotometric methods for the measurement of the antioxidant capacity of buckwheat sprouts

This paper describes the use of cyclic voltammetry, photochemiluminescence (PCL), and spectrophotometric methods (TEAC and FCR reducing capacity) for the measurement of the antioxidant capacity of dark- and light-grown buckwheat sprouts. Moreover, the flavonoid profile of studied material is provided. Methanol extracts (80%) from ungerminated buckwheat grain and 6 and 8 DAS (days after seeding) sprouts were used. The 8 day germination period was sufficient to obtain good quality sprouts with completely removed pericarps. The ungerminated buckwheat grain contained only rutin, whereas in sprouts produced in dark or light, a high level of isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, rutin, and isovitexin was found. The flavonoid content in sprouts produced under light was almost 2 times higher than those of sprouts produced in the dark. The antioxidant capacity of light-grown sprouts was higher than that of dark-grown ones. The results from voltammetric experiments obtained for buckwheat seeds and 6 and 8 DAS sprouts harvested under dark or light conditions highly correlated with those obtained by PCL antioxidant capacity of water-soluble substances (PCL ACW) (r = 0.99), PCL antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble substances (r = 0.99), TEAC (r = 0.99), and FCR reducing capacity (r = 0.99). The use of cyclic voltammetry, PCL ACW, and TEAC was fully applicable for the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of buckwheat sprouts.     

Antioxidant activity of tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common (Fagopyrum esculentum moench) buckwheat sprouts

This study compared the differences of two types of buckwheat sprouts, namely, common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), in general composition, functional components, and antioxidant capacity. The ethanol extracts of tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBS) had higher reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion scavenging activity than those of common buckwheat sprouts (CBS). As for chelating effects on ferrous ions, CBS had higher values than TBS. Rutin was the major flavonoid found in these two types of buckwheat sprouts, and TBS was 5 fold higher in rutin than CBS. The antioxidant effects of buckwheat sprouts on human hepatoma HepG2 cells revealed that both of TBS and CBS could decrease the production of intracellular peroxide and remove the intracellular superoxide anions in HepG2 cells, but TBS reduced the cellular oxidative stress more effectively than CBS, possibly because of its higher rutin (and quercetin) content.     

Identification of anthocyanins in the sprouts of buckwheat

The anthocyanin profiles and varieties/breeding line differences of anthocyanin concentrations in common/tartary buckwheat sprouts have been studied. Four anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-galactopyranosyl-rhamnoside, were isolated from the sprouts of common buckwheat, were separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and were identified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC)/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS techniques. In tartary buckwheat sprouts, two anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) were identified. Among 19 common/tartary buckwheat varieties/breeding lines, Hokkai T10 contained the highest amounts of anthocyanins. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside concentrations in 6-10 days after seeding sprouts of Hokkai T10 ranged from 0.16 to 0.20 mg/g dry wt and from 5.55 to 6.57 mg/g dry wt, respectively. In addition, dark-grown sprouts of Hokkai T10 accumulated 0.091 and 2.77 mg/g dry wt of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside whereas other varieties/breeding lines accumulated trace amounts of anthocyanins. Given its anthocyanin-rich red cotyledons, Hokkai T10 is a promising line for use as "Moyashi" type sprouts and is strongly recommended as a new functional food, rich in dietary anthocyanins.     

陇东旱塬区麦后柴胡荞麦套作栽培技术规程

为规范柴胡与荞麦套作种植关键环节的农事操作,促进产业的发展。通过多年试验示范,从范围、术语和定义、选地与整地、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获及贮藏等方面总结制定了陇东旱塬区麦后柴胡荞麦套作栽培技术规程。     

北京房山区山地景观荞麦适宜播期研究

为更好地发挥荞麦在房山区景观营造中的作用,开展了荞麦播期试验,研究播期对荞麦观赏期和株高的影响。结果表明,房山区荞麦春播适宜播期为4月5 — 16日,花期为70 d左右,初花至倒伏亦为70 d左右,封行至倒伏为60 d左右,盛花至倒伏可以持续60 d左右,观赏持续期最长;夏秋播适宜播期为7月20日至8月25日,植株不易发生倒伏,花期在34~57 d,其中7月20日左右播种最佳,花期达57 d;5月7日至6月9日也可播种,初花至倒伏在21~49 d;6月25日至7月5日不适合播种。     

外源硒对铅污染下荞麦生长及生理特性的影响

以荞麦‘右玉26’为材料,在防雨棚下进行盆栽试验,研究外源硒对土壤铅污染下荞麦幼苗的农艺性状及生理特性、成熟期各器官铅累积和产量的影响,旨在探讨硒对土壤铅胁迫下荞麦的生长发育、产量及铅在荞麦体内富集量的影响,为发现硒缓解重金属铅对植物的毒害作用提供理论依据,以期为农业区铅污染治理及荞麦生产提供有价值的思路和方法。试验采用2因素完全随机设计,设置3个土壤铅浓度(0 mg·L-1、500 mg·L-1、1 000 mg·L-1)、5个硒浓度(0 mg·kg-1、1 mg·kg-1、2.5 mg·kg-1、5 mg·kg-1和10 mg·kg-1)。研究结果表明:1)随铅浓度增加,荞麦的株高、总根长、干重、根系总面积、根系活力、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、经济产量(千粒重、株粒数)均呈降低趋势。2)低浓度硒(1~2.5 mg·L-1)可缓解铅对荞麦的毒害,高浓度硒(5~10 mg·L-1)和铅为协同作用,加剧了对荞麦的毒害。3)硒浓度为2.5 mg·L-1时,缓解铅对荞麦毒害的效果最为明显,显著降低了铅胁迫下荞麦幼苗SOD和POD活性;降低成熟期荞麦各器官铅含量,各处理下荞麦各器官铅含量均表现为根茎叶种子;产量达到最大值。由此可见,外源硒可通过抑制荞麦对铅的吸收和转运,促进荞麦幼苗叶片的光合作用、提高叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力等途径来增强荞麦对铅胁迫的耐性。对本研究所用的5种浓度来说,缓解效果最佳的硒浓度为2.5 mg·L-1。     

Trace element water improves the antioxidant activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) sprouts

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was grown in trace element water (TEW) (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) and deionized water (DIW) to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of trace elements on the antioxidant activity could be accomplished with the supplement of TEW. At 300 ppm, TEW significantly increased the Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents in buckwheat sprout but not the Se content. However, the levels of rutin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin did not differ between buckwheat sprouts grown in TEW and DIW. The ethanolic extract from buckwheat sprout grown in 300 ppm of TEW showed higher ferrous ion chelating activity and inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation than that grown in DIW. The extract in the TEW group also enhanced intracellular superoxide dismutase activity and lowered reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion in the human Hep G2 cell. It was concluded that TEW could increase the antioxidant activities of buckwheat sprouts.     

连作对荞麦产量、土壤养分及酶活性的影响

在连续4年不施肥的定位试验基础上,采样分析了不同荞麦连作年限(2年、3年和4年)对土壤养分、酶活性和荞麦产量的影响。结果表明,随连作年限的增加,荞麦产量下降,且显著低于与豆科作物轮作下的荞麦产量;土壤氮、磷、钾含量均降低,磷和钾含量降低更明显,土壤p H提高;土壤碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性下降,脲酶活性先降后升,蔗糖酶活性总体上呈降低趋势。因此,为维持地力,提高荞麦产量,一要实行荞麦与芸豆等豆科作物轮作倒茬,二要施用一定的肥料。