饲粮锌水平对育成期水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌水平对育成期水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取60日龄健康雄性水貂75只,随机分为5组,每组15个重复,每个重复为1只水貂,各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组)、50(Ⅱ组)、100(Ⅲ组)、300(Ⅳ组)、600 mg/kg(Ⅴ组)锌的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)60、75、90、105和120日龄时各组之间体重差异不显著(P>0.05);76~90日龄时Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);106~120日龄时Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅳ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于Ⅴ组(P<0.05);各组血清免疫球蛋白M含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)Ⅰ和Ⅱ组血清尿素氮含量显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);各组血清乳酸脱氢酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)Ⅴ组血清锌含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组血清磷含量显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);各组血清钙含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加100 mg/kg的锌能够有效提高育成期水貂的生长性能,而饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的锌血清中蛋白质相关指标含量及锌相关酶活性最高,有利于提高水貂机体免疫力。     

氯化铵对肉仔鸡热应激的影响

通过离子平衡途径,在肉仔鸡日粮中添加氯化铵,观察其对家禽热应激的影响。将270只1日龄艾维茵肉雏鸡随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,试验持续到5周龄。试验模拟夏季高温环境,全期人工控温28～35℃。1～28日龄进行饲养试验;29～34日龄进行代谢试验。5组试验日粮为:Ⅰ为正对照组,21%CP;Ⅱ为Ⅰ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅲ为负对照组,19%CP;Ⅳ为Ⅲ组日粮+0 62%氯化铵;Ⅴ为Ⅲ组日粮+1 00%氯化铵。试验结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肉仔鸡期末体重、日增重、采食量和饲料转化率与对照组无显著差异,Ⅴ组21日龄体重显著降低(P<0 05);Ⅱ和Ⅴ组显著提高CP、Ca和P的表观代谢率(P<0 05),Ⅴ组P除外;Ⅴ组粪便含水率明显增加(P<0 01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组代谢指标差异不显著。     

不同蛋白水平饲粮对蛋鸽早期存活率及产蛋性能的影响

旨在通过调节蛋鸽饲粮中蛋白水平以探究在蛋鸽整个生长和产蛋阶段最适蛋白水平。试验设计5个不同蛋白水平,分别为:14%(Ⅰ组)、15%(Ⅱ组)、16%(Ⅲ组)、17%(Ⅳ组)和18%(Ⅴ组)。结果:生长阶段0～1月龄时,Ⅳ、Ⅴ组鸽成活率显著高于其他3组(P0.05);1～2月龄时,Ⅲ～Ⅴ组鸽成活率显著高于其他2组(P0.05);2～3月龄时,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组鸽成活率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);3～5月龄各组间无明显差异。对5～40月龄产蛋阶段产蛋性能统计发现:Ⅳ、Ⅴ组单对蛋鸽产蛋数显著高于其他3组(P0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组蛋畸形率显著低于其他3组(P0.05),Ⅲ组蛋畸形率显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅲ～Ⅴ组蛋破损率显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组平均蛋重和蛋壳强度均显著高于其他3组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组料蛋比显著低于其他3组(P0.05),Ⅲ组料蛋比显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.05)。试验表明:蛋鸽生长发育阶段蛋白需求可慢慢减少,乳鸽阶段蛋白水平应不小于17%,1～2月龄蛋白水平应不小于16%,2～3月龄蛋白水平应不小于15%;蛋鸽产蛋阶段蛋白水平应不小于17%。     

饲料中添加貉肉骨粉对育成期雄性蓝狐生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平貉肉骨粉对育成期雄性蓝狐生产性能的影响。选取（30±5）日龄、初始体重为（1.90±0.32） kg的健康雄性蓝狐90只,随机分为6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂添加量3.00%（Ⅱ组）、6.00%（Ⅲ组）、9.00%（Ⅳ组）、12.00%（Ⅴ组）和15.00%（Ⅵ组）貉肉骨粉的日粮。预试期7 d,正试期80 d。在正试期第55～57天进行消化代谢试验,消化试验结束后采血,检测血清生化指标。结果表明：(1)Ⅴ组末体重、平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P<0.05）,料重比显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。(2)Ⅳ组的干物质、粗蛋白消化率显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅵ组（P<0.05）;Ⅴ组粗脂肪消化率显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ组（P<0.05）。(3)各试验组氮摄入量、氮沉积均显著低于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,Ⅵ组净蛋白利用率显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P<0.05）,Ⅴ组蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。(4)Ⅴ组血清三酰甘油水平显著低于Ⅳ组（P<0.05）。综合各项指标...     

不同粗蛋白水平对乳鸽生长后期增重的影响

将300只14日龄乳鸽随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ五个组进行试验,分别饲喂代谢能恒定为12.94MJ/kg,粗蛋白为16%、18%、20%、22%、24%五个水平的日粮。结果表明:日粮中不同的粗蛋白水平对乳鸽增重和饲料转化率均有显著的影响。随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,乳鸽增重呈上升的趋势。Ⅰ组乳鸽的日增重显著低于其它组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅱ组低于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组,差异显著(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅴ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组之间,差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅰ组的饲料转化率低于其它组,差异显著(P<0.05),其它组之间差异不显著。     

玉米副产品型发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、血浆生化和抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究玉米副产品型发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、血浆生化和抗氧化指标的影响。选取192头体重（22.45±0.47） kg的商品保育猪，随机分为6组，即对照组（基础日粮）、试验Ⅰ组（90%基础日粮+10%发酵饲料A）、试验Ⅱ组（90%基础日粮+10%发酵饲料B）、试验Ⅲ组（90%基础日粮+10%发酵饲料C）、试验Ⅳ组（90%基础日粮+10%发酵饲料D）和试验Ⅴ组（85%基础日粮+15%发酵饲料D），每组16个重复，每个重复2头猪。预试期3 d，正式试验期28 d。结果显示，试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组仔猪的末重和平均日采食量显著高于试验Ⅳ组（P<0.05），试验Ⅳ组仔猪的末重、平均日采食量显著高于试验Ⅴ组和对照组（P<0.05）。各试验组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ组仔猪的粪便评分最低，显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，各试验组仔猪粪便中乳酸菌的数量均显著提高（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ组仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量最少，显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ组...     

饲粮色氨酸添加水平对育成期白水貂生长性能、氮代谢及氨基酸消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸添加水平对育成期白水貂生长性能、氮代谢及氨基酸消化率的影响。选取60只健康、体重[(0.83±0.09)kg]相近的(60±5)日龄雄性白水貂,随机分成6个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只水貂。负对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为34%的基础饲粮(色氨酸水平为0.22%),试验组分别饲喂在负对照组基础饲粮中添加0.1%(Ⅱ组)、0.3%(Ⅲ组)、0.5%(Ⅳ组)和0.7%色氨酸(Ⅴ组)的试验饲粮,正对照组(Ⅵ组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为36%的基础饲粮(色氨酸水平为0.22%)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各组水貂60~120日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅵ组平均日增重略高于其他各组。2)Ⅰ组干物质消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅵ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组粗脂肪消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组尿氮显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组氮沉积显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅲ组净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅰ组谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅵ组异亮氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅵ组亮氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组丙氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅵ组蛋氨酸消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组蛋氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组酪氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组半胱氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组组氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅵ组色氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组精氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组总氨基酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。由此得出,综合生长性能、氮代谢及氨基酸消化率指标,饲粮粗蛋白质水平为34%时,水貂饲粮色氨酸适宜添加水平为0.3%(饲粮色氨酸水平为0.52%)。     

不同桉树精油添加水平对笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能和抗氧化机能的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平桉树精油对笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能和抗氧化机能的影响。选择300只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡公雏,随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ～Ⅵ组分别在基础饲粮中添加50、75、100、125和150 mg/kg桉树精油,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)1～21日龄,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组肉鸡21日龄时平均体重显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡平均日增重极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅱ～Ⅵ组料重比显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组料重比极显著低于Ⅵ组(P0.01);1～42日龄,Ⅳ组肉鸡42日龄时平均体重显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组肉鸡平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组料重比显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。2)各组之间肉鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数和血清新城疫抗体效价无显著差异(P0.05)。3)21日龄时,Ⅴ组肉鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅲ组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅵ组肉鸡血清T-SOD活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅵ组肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05或P0.01);Ⅳ～Ⅵ组肉鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅴ组肉鸡血清MDA含量显著或极显著低于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组(P0.05)。42日龄时,Ⅴ组肉鸡血清T-SOD活性最高,显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组肉鸡血清GSH-Px活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组肉鸡血清MDA含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ～Ⅲ组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05或P0.01)。4)回归分析显示,饲粮中添加95.25～105.00 mg/kg桉树精油,肉鸡生长前期(1～21日龄)生长性能最佳;饲粮中添加105.83～115.00 mg/kg桉树精油,肉鸡生长全期(1～42日龄)生长性能最佳;肉鸡抗氧化机能最佳的桉树精油添加水平,生长前期为151.13～205.60 mg/kg,生长后期(22～42日龄)为93.38～158.57 mg/kg。综上所述,在饲粮中添加适宜水平的桉树精油可显著提高笼养白羽肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化机能,饲粮中桉树精油适宜添加水平为105.00 mg/kg。     

日粮代谢葡萄糖水平对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究断奶仔猪日粮代谢葡萄糖的适宜水平,本试验选择体重为5.5 kg左右的21日龄断奶仔猪30头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在断奶后1~14 d分别饲喂代谢葡萄糖水平为126.4、202.6、235.7、331.6、371.5 g/kg的5种日粮,在断奶后15~42 d分别饲喂代谢葡萄糖水平为37.6、132.5、300.0、354.3、412.5 g/kg的5种日粮,定期称重并记录采食量,颈静脉抽血检验。结果表明:Ⅱ组仔猪在2个阶段的日增重均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组饲料转化效率均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05);断奶后1~14 d,Ⅰ组的总蛋白和白蛋白水平均显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05);断奶后15~42 d,Ⅲ组的总蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的白蛋白含量显著高于日粮Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅴ组的尿酸含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,日粮代谢葡萄糖水平会影响断奶仔猪生长性能以及血液生化指标,仔猪断奶后1~14 d,日粮代谢葡萄糖适宜水平为202.6~235.7 g/kg;仔猪断奶后15~42 d日粮代谢葡萄糖适宜水平为132.5~300.0 g/kg。     

半胱胺盐酸盐对冬毛期雄性水貂毛皮品质、血清生化和激素指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加半胱胺盐酸盐(CSH)对冬毛期雄性水貂毛皮品质、血清生化和激素指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响。选择160日龄体重[(2.13±0.10) kg]相近的健康冬毛期雄性水貂56只,随机分为7组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组,对照组)、60(Ⅱ组)、90(Ⅲ组)、120(Ⅳ组)、60(Ⅴ组)、90(Ⅵ组)、120 mg/kg(Ⅶ组) CSH的试验饲粮;其中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加方式为连续添加,Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组添加方式为间隔添加(连续添加1周,间隔1周)。预试期7 d,正试期51 d。结果表明:1)Ⅵ和Ⅶ组水貂皮长、针毛长度和绒毛长度显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组血清尿素氮含量显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组血清甘油三酯含量显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。3)Ⅵ组血清生长激素含量显著高于对照组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ组血清生长抑素含量显著低于对照组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组血清生长激素受体含量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)Ⅵ组肝脏胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因表达量显著高于对照组和Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05),Ⅵ组肝脏胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体基因表达量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组肝脏生长激素受体基因表达量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,冬毛期雄性水貂饲粮中CSH的适宜添加水平为90 mg/kg,适宜添加方式为间隔添加。     

Parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of Zimbabwe

Summary

Fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the Zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during July and November of 1986 and January and April of 1987. All 14 animals were infected. Habronema muscae occurred in 12, Draschia megastoma in 11, H. majus in 9, Trichostrongylus axei in 9, Gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and G. nasalis in 1 donkey. The lowest level of infection was in January for the helminthes and in April for Gasterophilus larvae. The peak burdens of parasites were in July for Habronema spp. and in November for D. megastoma and Gasterophilus larvae. Infections with spirurid worms and Gasterophilus develop mainly from the middle of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season (Januari to May/June). G. intestinalis seems to have an annual cycle.     

A study of the pattern of staphylococcal contamination of the udders of cows in a dairy herd

Abstract

Extract

The results of the 1965–6 New Zealand national mastitis survey (Anon., 1967 Anon Ann. Rep. Res. Div. N.Z. Dept. Agric. 1966–67 1967 77 78  [Google Scholar]) indicated that β-haemolytic staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows. Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.     

Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy of in situ estimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs

Effects of considering the comminution rate (k_c) and the correction of microbial contamination (using ¹⁵N techniques) of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples (from rumen‐incubated residues) representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal (SFM) and Italian ryegrass hay (RGH) and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet (75 g DM/kgBW^0.75). Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb‐SFM and Eu‐RGH marked samples showed higher k_c values (/h) in SFM than in RGH (0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034), whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate (k_p). Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when k_c was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected k_p‐based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and k_c?k_p‐based by 39% in SFM (0.146 vs. 0.105) and 761% in RGH (0.373 vs. 0.0433). Results show that both k_c and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering k_c is an important source of error.     

Exsheathment of infective larvae of Cooperia curticei

Abstract

Extract

Although exsheathment of the infective larvae of many strongylate nematode parasites of ruminants has been studied (Rogers, 1966 Rogers, W. P. 1966. “Exsheathment and hatching mechanisms in helminths”. In Biology of Parasites, Emphasis on Veterinary Parasites, Edited by: Soulsby, E. J. L. 33–39. New York and London: Academic Press. In [Google Scholar]), that of Cooperia curticei larvae has not. By analogy with other trichostrongylid species inhabiting the small intestine, they would be expected to exsheath in response to conditions provided by the abomasum, perhaps, as with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, with a potentiating effect of bile salts in the small intestine (Mapes, 1972 Mapes, C. J. 1972. Bile and bile salts and exsheathment of the intestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Nematodirus battus. Int. J. Parasit., 2: 433–438.  [Google Scholar]). It was decided to see if C. curticei larvae exsheathed as expected; no attempt was made to define precisely the conditions necessary for exsheathment but rather to establish the site at which the stimulus is received.     

Frequency of involvement of pox virions in lesions of bovine dermatophilosis

Summary By combined electron microscopical and serological methods the rate of involvement of pox virions within lesions of bovine natural dermatophilosis was determined. Scabby lesions of 40 (77%) out of a total of 52 cases were positive for the virions, while sera of all infected animals which reacted positively for pox viral antibodies (LSD) was significantly higher (P<0·001) in comparison to those of healthy-appearing animals. The virions in all cases had a uniform oval to cylindrical morphology with a mean measurement of 110 × 280 nm. A synergistic interplay involving the initiation of the scabby lesions by the virions and their subsequent trapping within keratin deposits, followed by their release through the keratolytic activity ofDermatophilus congolensis appear to have obtained in cases.

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Frecuencia Del Compromiso De Viriones Pox En Lesiones De Dermatiofilosis Bovina

Resumen Se determinó la tasa del compromiso de viriones pox, con lesiones de dermatofilosis bovina natural, mediante la combinación de microscopía electrónica y serológica. Cuarenta lesiones costrosas (77%) de un total de 52 casos fueron positivas a viriones, mientras que el suero de todos los animales infectados que reaccionaron positivamente para anticuerpos pox (LSD) fueron significativamente más altos (P<0.001) en comparación a aquellos de animales aparentemente sanos. Los viriones en todos los casos tuvieron una morfología uniforme, de oval a cilíndrica con una media de 110 × 280 nm. Se obtuvo un sinergismo recíproco que involucró la iniciación de las lesiones costrosas por los viriones, los cuales quedaron atrapados subsecuentemente en los depósitos de queratina, seguido de la liberación de los mismos a través de la acción queratolítica delDermatophilus congolensis.

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Frequence De La Participation De Virions Pox Dans Les Lesions De Dermatophilose Bovine

Résumé Par utilisation combinée de méthodes sérologiques et de microscopie électronique, on a pu déterminer la fréquence de participation de virions pox dans les lésions de dermatophilose bovine naturelle. Les lésions croûteuses de 40 (77%) cas sur 52 ont été positives pour les virions, tandis que les sérums de tous les animaux qui réagissent positivement pour les anticorps antiviraux pox (LSD) sont significativement supérieurs (P<0,001) comparés à ceux des animaux apparemment en bonne santé. Dans tous les cas, les virions ont une morphologie uniforme ovale à cylindrique, avec une taille moyenne de 110 × 280 nm. On a pu obtenir dans certains cas une interaction synergique, mettant en jeu l'initiation de lésions croûteuses par les virions et leur piégeage ultérieur dans les dépôts kératinisés, suivi de leur relargage dû à l'activité kératinolytique deDermatophilus congolensis.

     

Estimation of Protein Requirements of Feedlot Steers

Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet composition data were collected from a survey of finishing steer experiments (40 experiments; 347 kg average initial weight; data excluded Holstein steers). Data were analyzed by weighted (observations/mean) analyses of variance to determine effects of protein intake and implanting strategy on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Implanting strategies were defined according to prevalent or last implant type used: no implant (None); medium-potency implants (Medium): zeranol 72 mg per dose, steroid-based implants (Synovex-S or Compudose) or trenbolone acetate (TBA) alone; high-potency implants (High): TBA in combination with either steroids or zeranol. Regression procedures were utilized to estimate CP and DIP, or MP requirements. Implant effects were independent (P>0.60) of dietary protein effects and included faster (P<0.05) gains at higher intakes (P<0.05) that resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed efficiencies. Steers responded to higher dietary CP (13.3 vs 11.4%) by increasing intake (P<0.05) which resulted in faster (P<0.05) and more efficient (P=0.09) gains. Compared to nonimplanted steers, implanted steers had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses with larger (P<0.05) ribeyes and lower (P<0.05) marbling scores. Nonimplanted steers fed 13.3% CP diets had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses than nonimplanted steers fed 11.4% CP diets. Maintenance MP requirements of nonimplanted steers were greater than those of implanted steers and similar to established MP requirements. Diets of steers implanted with high-potency implants must be supplemented to contain more than 7.5 g MP/kg BW^0.75/d, especially at heavy (>450 kg) initial BW, to maximize implant response. Implanted steers have a greater ability to respond to increased dietary protein because of reduced protein requirements for maintenance.     

Evaluation of the safety of daily administration of capromorelin in cats

Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.     

Diseases of the central nervous system of pigs

Abstract

Extract

Sir — The recently published advances by Done (1957 Done, J. T. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 1341–1341.  [Google Scholar]). Done et al. (1957 Done, J. T., Brooksbank, N. H. and Buntain, D. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 67–67.  [Google Scholar]) and Harding cl al. (1957 Harding, T. D. J., Done, J. T. and Kershaw, G. F. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 824–824.  [Google Scholar]); ill Great Britain concerning the knowledge of different disease of the central nervous system ot pigs have prompted a closer examination of these diseases by Diagnostic Officers of the Animal Research Division in this country.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of an epsiprantel/pyrantel combination against gastrointestinal helminths of dogs

Trials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of a combination of epsiprantel at a dose rate of 5-5 mg/kg bodyweight and pyrantel pamoate at 5 mg pyrantel base/kg against Toxocara canis in prenatally infected unweaned greyhound pups, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected adolescent greyhounds and Ancylostoma caninum, U stenocephala. Taenia hydatigena and Taenia pisiformis in artificially infected laboratory beagles. The product was well accepted and produced no obvious side effects. Percentage efficacy values based on post mortem worm counts were: T hydatigena 100; T pisiformis 100; D caninum 100; adult T canis 84-0; adult T leonina 96-5; immature T leonina 99-8; U stenocephala 99-0 and 87-7; A caninum 92-7; and T vulpis 43-3.     

Serological evidence of the occurrence of bluetongue in Iraq

Summary Precipitating antibodies against bluetongue were detected in sheep and goat serum samples collected from animals slaughtered in Baghdad abattoir. Out of294 sheep serum samples and110 goat serum samples examined,28 and18 samples respectively showed precipitating activity. In addition, examination of sheep serum samples collected from localities where clinical cases similar to bluetongue were previously reported revealed the presence of bluetongue precipitating antibodies in101 sera out of198 samples examined. This is the first report confirming the occurrence of blue-tongue in Iraq.

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Evidencia Serológica De La Ocurrencia De Lengua Azul En Irak

Resumen Se detectaron anticuerpos precipitantes de la enfermedad de la Lengua Azul en el suero de ovejas y cabras beneficiadas en el matadero de-Bagdad. La prueba fue positiva en 28 de 294 sueros ovinos y en 18 de los 110 sueros caprinos examinados. Posteriormente, se examinaron 198 sueros ovinos colectados en áreas en donde se sospechaba la existencia clinica de la enfermedad, encontrandose 101 positivos. Este es el primer informe de la existencia de Lengua Azul en Irak.

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Preuve Sérologique De L'existence De La Bluetongue En Irak

Résumé Des anticorps précipants contre la bluetongue ont été mis en évidence dans des échantillons de sérum de moutons et de chèvres recueillis sur des animaux abattus à l'abattoir de Bagdad. Sur 294 échantillons de sérum de moutons et 110 de chèvres examinés, 28 et 18 de ces échantillons se sont respectivement montrés précipitants. En outre l'examen d'échantillons de sérum de moutons recueillis dans des localités où existaient des cas cliniques pouvant faire soupçonner la bluetongue a montré la présence de sérums précipitants de la maladie dans 101 des 198 échantillons examinés. C'est là le premier report confirmant l'existence de la bluetongue en Irak.