城市绿地园林树种叶面积指数测定方法研究——以小叶榕为例

分别采用半球面影像技术和LAI-2000冠层分析仪对华南地区最常用园林树种小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)的叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)进行测定、比较和分析。研究表明,2种测量仪器所测LAI值存在极显著正相关(P<0.001);用半球面影像技术测量的LAI值与冠幅、胸径和树高之间也存在极显著一元线性关系,构建回归模型分别为:LAI=0.0444Cw+1.6526,LAI=0.0088D+1.8327,LAI=0.0543H+1.6404;通过模型可估测小叶榕单株的叶面积指数,达到95%的置信区间的估测值范围。     

西部干旱半干旱地区森林生态系统服务功能价值研究——以四子王旗国家级公益林为例

文章以位于内蒙古西部的四子王旗国家级重点公益林为研究对象,采用固定样地调查方式,并结合与二类调查数据,测算了国家级公益林的生态系统服务功能物质量与价值量,以期能更直观的体现研究区国家级公益林的生态功能.     

桉树人工林的固碳放氧功能和价值分析——以樟木头林场为例

论述了桉树人工林的制氧固碳、保持水土生态功能,并以樟木头林场桉树人工林为例,计算出桉树人工林每年的制氧、碳汇量生态效益,并对当今人们对桉树人工林的认识观点提出相应的见解。     

主要乔木树种碳储量与碳密度分布特征——以昆明市海口林场为例

以昆明市海口林场2016年森林资源二类调查数据为基础,利用生物量扩展因子法,结合各树种的计算参数,研究了海口林场不同年龄组和林分起源主要乔木树种碳储量及碳密度分布特征。结果表明：海口林场主要乔木树种的总碳储量为171 695.53 t,平均碳密度为34.88 t·hm^-2。就不同树种而言,碳储量大小依次为华山松(65 974.30 t)>柏木(26 433.18 t)>桉类(24 810.27 t)>桤木(21 488.32 t)>栎类(11 590.24 t)>云南松(9 827.61 t)>银荆(6 318.67 t)>油杉(3 028.75 t)>杨树(1 980.52 t)>其他阔叶树(243.68 t);就不同林龄而言,碳储量主要集中在中龄林和近熟林上,而碳密度则是随着林龄增大呈先增后减的变化趋势;就不同林分类型而言,人工林的碳储量和碳密度大于天然林,针叶林的大于阔叶林,纯林的大于混交林。因此,碳储量大小取决于树种类型、林分起源、林龄等因素,森林碳循环管理应重视分类管理,合理配置并优化林分结构,以此提...     

森林背景反射率对乔木层地上生物量遥感估算的影响研究——以大兴安岭林区为例

遥感技术能够大面积覆盖和动态监测森林冠层叶片特征,森林乔木层地上生物量(AGB)与叶生物量之间存在良好的统计关系,根据遥感数据提取森林有效叶面积指数(LAIe)以估算叶生物量、进而估算AGB是可行的。然而,利用遥感数据提取森林LAIe时会受到林下植被等背景信息的影响。因此,论文以我国东北大兴安岭林区为研究区,利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)数据和四尺度模型定量研究森林背景反射率对冠层LAIe和乔木层AGB遥感估算的影响。结果表明:背景反射率对森林LAIe遥感反演和AGB估算影响显著,利用遥感数据提取的背景反射率对背景影响订正后,反演的LAIe与基于高分辨率专题制图仪(TM)影像反演出的LAIe之间的相关性明显提高,决定系数(R~2)由0.32(n=25,p0.10)增大到0.48(n=25,p0.01),遥感估算的AGB与利用森林一类清查数据估算的AGB之间R~2由0.52(n=10,p0.05)上升到0.86(n=10,p0.01),LAIe和AGB高估现象得到明显纠正。     

我国林产品网络关注度时空特征——基于百度指数技术分析以木材和人造板为例

互联网庞大的搜索数据与现实的社会行为具有相关性,及时掌握公众网络关注度和需求的变化,对林产工业的布局优化、产品开发、销售具有重要意义。基于互联网搜索数据,采用百度指数工具,分析了木材和人造板的网络关注的时间和地域变化特征,并结合现实市场变化,为指导林产品市场预测提供了理论依据。     

Spatial and temporal variations in leaf area index, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen of two co-occurring savanna tree species

Foliage growth, mass- and area-based leaf nitrogen concentrations (Nm and N a) and specific leaf area (SLA) were surveyed during a complete vegetation cycle for two co-occurring savanna tree species: Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G. Don) Benth. and Cussonia arborea A. Rich. The study was conducted in the natural reserve of Lamto, Ivory Coast, on isolated and clumped trees. Leaf flush occurred before the beginning of the rainy season. Maximum leaf area index (LAI), computed on a projected canopy basis for individual trees, was similar (mean of about 4) for both species. Seasonal courses of the ratio of actual to maximum LAI were similar for individuals of the same species, but differed between species. For C. febrifuga, clumped trees reached their maximum LAI before isolated trees. The LAI of C. arborea trees did not differ between clumped and isolated individuals, but maximum LAI was reached about 2 months later than for C. febrifuga. Leaf fall was associated with decreasing soil water content for C. arborea. For C. febrifuga, leaf fall started before the end of the rainy period and was independent of changes in soil water content. These features lead to a partial niche separation in time for light resource acquisition between the two species. Although Nm, N a and SLA decreased with time, SLA and N a decreased later in the vegetation cycle for C. arborea than for C. febrifuga. For both species, N a decreased and SLA increased with decreasing leaf irradiance within the canopy, although effects of light on leaf characteristics did not differ between isolated and clumped trees. Given relationships between N a and photosynthetic capacities previously reported for these species, our results show that C. arborea exhibits higher photosynthetic capacity than C. febrifuga during most of the vegetation cycle and at all irradiances.     

Evaluation of leaf display of evergreen broadleaved tree species and deciduous tree species in warm temperate conifer plantations

We investigated the sapling leaf display in the shade among trees of various leaf lifespans co-occurring under the canopy of a warm-temperate conifer plantation. We measured leaf-area ratio (aLAR) and morphological traits of saplings of evergreen broadleaved tree species and a deciduous tree species. Although we found large interspecific and intraspecific differences in aLAR even among saplings of similar size in the homogeneous light environment, we did not find a consistent trend in aLAR with leaf lifespan among the species. While deciduous trees annually produced a large leaf area, some evergreen broadleaved trees retained their leaves across years and had aLAR values as high as those of deciduous trees. Among leaf-level, shoot-level, and individual-level morphological traits, aLAR was positively correlated with current-year shoots mass per aboveground biomass in deciduous trees, and with the area of old leaves per aboveground mass in evergreen broadleaved trees. Thus, tree-to-tree variation in the degrees of annual shoot production and the accumulation of old leaves were responsible for the interspecific and intraspecific variations in aLAR.     

10种常绿阔叶树种理化性质的研究

常绿阔叶树种是森林的主要植物种类,具有含水率高的特点。选择石栎Lithocarpus glaper、拟赤杨Alniphyllum tortunei、冬青Ilex chinensis、樟树Cinnamomum philippinense、木荷Schima superba、罗浮栲Castanopsis fabri、山杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens、甜槠Castanopsis eyrei、苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla、油茶Camellia oleifera 10种常绿阔叶树种,采集不同树种的树叶、树枝和树皮,烘干粉碎后在室内进行理化性质的测定分析,以不同树种器官的含水率、热值、燃点、木质素、粗纤维、粗灰分、粗脂肪7个指标作为评价因素,对10个树种的抗火性进行聚类分析,结果表明:抗火性强的是冬青;抗火性较强的有3种,由强到弱依次是油茶、山杜英、拟赤杨;抗火性一般的有2种,由强到弱依次是苦槠、石栎;抗火性较弱的有4种,由强到弱依次是木荷、樟树、甜槠、罗浮栲。研究结果能为防火树种的筛选提供理论依据。     

Shoot structure, leaf area index and productivity of evergreen conifer stands

For 12 conifer species, the maximum ratio of shoot to leaf silhouette area of shade-acclimated shoots was found to vary from 0.50 to 0.99. Maximum leaf area index (leaf area per unit ground area) of conifer stands varied from 3.5 to 20, and maximum mean annual increment varied by a factor of 2. Significant correlations were found between leaf silhouette area ratio of shade-acclimated shoots and the maximum leaf area index (R(2) = 0.84) and the maximum mean annual increment (R(2) = 0.93). These results support a hypothesis that species to species differences in the morphology of shade-adapted shoots strongly affect both the development of leaf area and the productivity of stands of evergreen conifers.     

不同坡位对4种阔叶乡土树种叶片养分的影响

对木荷Schima superba、灰木莲Manglietia glauca、乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis、山杜英Elaeocarpus sylvestris在不同坡位的叶片养分含量和叶片化学计量进行了研究,以期揭示这些树种在不同坡位上的适应特征。结果表明:1)4个树种在上坡、中坡和下坡的叶片碳含量范围分别为483.58～527.36、501.99～507.58和473.85～527.18 g·kg^-1,叶片氮含量范围分别为10.31～14.86、12.34～16.94和11.37～18.38 g·kg^-1,叶片磷含量范围分别为0.65～1.05、0.82～1.14和0.93～1.44 g·kg^-1;2)通常上坡的叶片氮、磷含量较低,同一树种不同坡位之间的叶片氮、磷含量大多差异显著;3)4种树种叶片C∶N高于全球平均水平,在上坡、中坡、下坡的分布范围分别为32.5～48.1、29.6～41.0、25.8～45.3;C∶P较低,在上坡、中坡、下坡的分布范围分别为500.1～766.0、439.9～614.0、329.6～557.0;N∶P在上坡、中坡、下坡的分布范围分别为14.0～16.4、12.9～15.1、12.3～16.8。     

Specific leaf area for five tropical tree species growing in different tree species mixtures in Central Panama

New Forests - Leaf traits have been shown to explain a great fraction of differences in growth rates in trees. With this study, we evaluate if differences in growth performance of different species...     

Effects of decomposed leaf litter mixtures from Platycladus orientalis and broadleaf tree species on soil properties

Determining the effects of decomposed leaf litter mixtures, consisting of litter from different tree species, on the properties of soil is important for evaluating nutrient cycling and interspecific relationships. In this study, leaf litter mixtures consisting of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco combined individually with eight broadleaf plant species were ground and mixed with soil to analyze the effects of their decomposition on the quantity of soil microbes, the activities of soil enzymes, and the soil chemical properties and to determine the interactions between the different types of litter within a mixture during decomposition. In terms of soil properties as a whole, we found that when P. orientalis litter was mixed separately with litter from Amorpha fruticosa L., Caragana microphylla Lam., Betula platyphylla Suk., or Hippophae rhamnoides L., the resulting litter mixtures showed synergistic interaction effects on soil, but when P. orientalis litter was mixed with litter from Populus simonii Carr., Ulmus pumila L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., or Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. showed antagonistic interaction effects.     

建德天然常绿阔叶林资源消长分析研究

天然常绿阔叶林是浙江省建德市的地带性顶级群落类型，具有多种林林生态功能和生物多样性特征。该文就该市常绿阔叶林资源现状、过量消耗原因、恢复发展对策及保护和发展天然常绿阔叶林的意义进行了论述。     

Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan,Iran

To better manage wildfires and plantations in Kurdistan, native tree species commonly used in planting and reviving forests such as Quercus brantii Lindl., Q. infectoria Olivier, Q. libani Olivier, Pistachio atlantica Desf., Fraxinus rotundifolia Vahl, and Robinia pseudoacacia L. were evaluated and compared in terms of fire sensitivity and fire resistance. To determine fire sensitivity, indices such as the fl ammability index, ignition time, fl ame durability, moisture content, carbonized surface, mass reduction, bulk density, as well as dry weight of wood, bark, and leaves were used. The data were subjected to ANOVA. The means obtained, after examining homogeneity or heterogeneity of the variances, were compared using parametric and nonparametric comparison tests. There was a significant difference at the level of 5%. Based on the analysis of these indices, the species could be divided into three groups: species sensitive to fire such as Robinia pseudoacacia, species moderately sensitive to fire such as F. rotundifolia, and species relatively resistant to fire, including Q. brantii, Q. libani, Q. infectoria, and P. atlantica.