基于GBS技术的233份大蒜种质资源群体进化分析

本试验利用233份大蒜的自然群体资料,主要使用简化基因组测序(GBS)技术,得到高质量的有效数据量为1486.5896 Gb,平均每个样本6.3802 Gb,共获得高质量的SNPs位点2036116个,较均匀地分布在8条染色体上.基于获得的SNP标记进行主成分分析(PCA)与系统进化树分析,PCA将大蒜群体划分为4大类...     

基于COⅠ基因的滆湖鲌类国家级水产种质资源保护区3种鲌类的遗传多样性分析

为探究滆湖鲌类国家级水产种质资源保护区主要保护对象3种鲌类遗传资源状况,利用线粒体DNA COⅠ基因序列评价3种鲌类的遗传多样性及种群历史动态.通过PCR技术和测序技术,获得长度为630 bp COⅠ基因片段.序列分析结果表明,3种鲌类COⅠ基因序列碱基组成相似,且具有明显碱基组成偏向性,A+T的含量高于G+C的含量.翘嘴鲌的46条COⅠ基因片段发现4个变异位点,定义了4种单倍型(Hq1-Hq4),翘嘴鲌的单倍型和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.422和0.00085;蒙古鲌的20条COⅠ基因片段发现4个变异位点,定义4种单倍型(Hm1-Hm4),蒙古鲌的单倍型和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.695和0.00190;达氏鲌的41条COⅠ基因片段发现4个变异位点,定义5种单倍型(Hd1-Hd5),达氏鲌的单倍型和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.230和0.00053.中性检验和歧点分布分析显示,3种鲌类在历史进化过程中经历了不明显的种群扩张.整体来看,滆湖鲌类国家级水产种质资源保护区3种鲌类的遗传多样性水平较低,种群遗传组成趋于单一化,需要采取措施增加鲌类种群数量,提高其遗传多样性水平.     

瑞丽市柚子果疫病的发生及其病原鉴定*

 近年来,云南省德宏州瑞丽市柚子因一种不明病害导致果实腐烂脱落。2007年,选取水晶蜜柚,琯溪蜜柚和红玉香柚等3种柚子品种作为研究材料,对病害发生严重的柚子果园进行调查研究,对病原进行形态鉴定和致病性测定,同时进行病原菌对药剂的敏感性试验。研究结果表明,柚子果实腐烂和脱落是由柚子果疫病引起的,从病果分离获得12个疫霉菌株,经鉴定确定为柑橘褐腐疫霉Phytophthora citrophthora（R. et E. Smith Leon）,属于柚子果疫病的病原。不同品种的柚子抗病性差异显著,水晶蜜柚最易感病,发病率为28%,琯溪蜜柚发病率为17%,红玉香柚发病率小于1%。4种参试药剂中烯酰吗啉和甲霜灵霜霉威的抑菌效果最好,菌落生长抑制率达100%,可作为防治该病的首选农药。     

利用抑制消减杂交技术分离酱香风味的相关基因

为了更好地开发利用酱香酒的微生物资源和解释酱香风味的形成机制,以产酱香的枯草芽孢杆菌E20菌株为试验方(tester)、不产酱香的枯草芽孢杆菌10075菌株为驱动方(driver),采用抑制消减杂交技术(suppression subtracted hybridization,SSH)比较其在基因组的差异,对获得的差异片段进行测序及生物信息学分析。结果表明:文库基因测序初步获得77个差异基因片段。获取准确的注释有65个代谢物,平均相似度98%。其中,26个为酶。这些酶与乙偶姻、乙酰乳酸合成酶(alsS)基因、乙酰乳酸脱羧酶(alsD)基因及其相关代谢存在一定的联系,还与美拉德反应相关的反应物存在一定的关系。     

柯街地区实蝇群落结构及其动态

2007～2008年对云南柯街地区实蝇(Bactrocera spp.)群落调查研究的结果表明,柯街地区实蝇类害虫共有11种,其中橘小实蝇(B.dorsalis)属于绝对优势种,瓜实蝇(B.cucurbitae)次之.物种丰富度动态和数量动态基本一致,6～8月为发生高峰期;群落Shannon多样性指教、Simpson指数和均匀度具有同增同减性,且6～8月为最低.分析表明,温度和寄主是影响当地实蝇类害虫个体数量变动的关键因子.另外,柯街实蝇优势种的优势地位明显,群落生态优势度高,是造成6～8月多样性和均匀度低的主要原因.     

分子标记技术在果树种质资源及遗传育种研究中的应用

本文就果树上常用的DNA分子标记的原理和特点进行了介绍,并对其在果树的种质资源、遗传育种研究中的种质资源的保存、品种鉴定、亲缘关系的演化及分类、遗传多样性分析、系谱分析、分子遗传图谱的构建、基因的定位、基因克隆、分子标记辅助选择育种等方面关于分子标记技术的应用进行了综述。     

The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Ⅰ on the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase I on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were cloned, such as the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene (LeACO1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene (LeAC03), EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene (LeEBF1), pathogenesisrelated protein 1 gene (LePR1), pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene (LePR5), and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene (LeNP24) by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig (AC++) and the LeACO1 co-suppression tomatoes (V1187 and T4B), respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carried out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.     

The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Ⅰ on the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） were cloned, such as the l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene （LeAC01）, 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene （LeAC03）, EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene （LeEBF1）, pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene （LePR1）, pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene （LePR5）, and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene （LeNP24） by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig （AC＋＋） and the LeAC01 co-suppression tomatoes （V1187 and T4B）, respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carded out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.     

新疆早中熟棉花品种果枝数、果节数与成铃结构

【目的】分析182个南疆棉花品种(系)果枝数、果枝分布、果节数及果枝果节与成铃的关系,研究南疆早中熟棉花品种果枝数、果节数选择指数,为棉花高产育种提供理论依据。【方法】采用品种对比试验方法,收集比较新疆不同遗传背景的182个品种(系),测试不同品种(系)果枝数、果枝分布、果节数、成铃数等性状,分析南疆棉区气候条件下果枝、果节构成及果枝果节与成铃关系。【结果】182个南疆棉花品种的果枝数为4.6~10台, 果节数为7.6~21个,结铃数为5.4~12.2个,内围铃∶外围铃=3∶1;不同品种的果节数和单株结铃,随着果枝数的增加而增加,差异显著;果枝数与果节数、结铃数、内围铃数、上部铃数呈极显著正相关,果节数与结铃数、内围铃、外围铃、下部铃及中部铃具有极显著正相关性。【结论】在南疆气候条件下,应选择果枝数为8~10台果枝、果节量为18~20个的棉花品种,更有利于充分利用南疆有限的热量、积温条件,形成更高的产量。     

Changes of Reactive Oxygen Species and Related Enzymes in Mitochondria Respiratory Metabolism During the Ripening of Peach Fruit

The fruits of peach cultivar Yuhua 3 were used as materials to investigate the changes of active oxygen and related enzymes in mitochondria respiratory metabolism during ripening of peach fruit, involving their influence on the proceeding of peach fruit senescence. The results showed that the large decrease in firmness occurred between maturity II and IV. The decrease in firmness coincided with an increase in respiratory intensity. Obvious peaks of respiratory intensity lagging to the rapid change of fruit firmness could be shown during peach ripening. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） had a cumulative process and positively correlated with respiratory intensity. During peach ripening, the content of Ca^2＋ increased, the activities of succinic dehydrogenase （SDH）, cytochrome C oxidase （CCO）, H＋-ATPase, and Ca^2＋-ATPase decreased varying in different degree at the later step of ripening. These suggested a close relationship existed between ROS metabolism and mitochondrial respiration, namely, both ROS metabolism and mitochondrial respiration probably played important roles in ripening and senescing of peach fruit.