粗老鲜叶加工绿碎茶与炒青绿茶品质分析比较

本文通过用同质粗老鲜叶加工成绿碎茶与炒青绿茶的品质进行比较分析,结果表明,绿碎茶主要生化成分中茶多酚、水浸出物、氨基酸、维生素 C、叶绿素 a 等均有增高趋势;品质审评无论是外形还是内质绿碎茶均好于炒青绿茶.     

茶多酚市场巨大亟待国内企业深入挖掘

在食品、药品等多个领域有着广泛用途的茶多酚目前在国内外市场不断走俏。业内人士初步估算,茶多酚约有十几亿元的市场需求,亟待国内企业深入挖掘开发。 茶多酚是从茶叶中提炼的浅绿色或淡黄色的粉末,对各种食品、化妆品、保健品和药品等具有优异的抗氧化能力和防腐保鲜作用。许多发达国家已把这种纯天然的抗氧化剂作为化学抗氧化剂的最佳替代品,并广泛用作各类食品添加剂。由于茶多酚能保护大脑,防止荧屏射线对皮肤和眼睛的伤害,因而用它加工的饮品被誉为“电脑时代的饮料”。     

绿茶初制工艺对饮料加工特性的影响

将不同嫩度和加工工艺制作成的不同绿茶原料加工成绿茶饮料,通过对绿茶汁中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及儿茶素等主要化学成分、色差动态变化测定和感官品质审评以及一系列破坏性试验的研究,提出不同初制绿茶原料加工成饮料的品质特点和一套适合绿茶饮料用的较经济合理的原料初制加工方法。     

茶功能成分的新利用

据中国食品报报道,美国宾夕发尼亚大学的科研人员在最新的研究中发现了一种含茶多酚类物质相当于红茶二倍以上的白茶,并与饮料业界著名的茶制品公司泰浦拉食品制造公司合作开发生产了可供食品和饮料用的水溶性制品.这种白色茶具有独特的气味,与红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶为同一植物种属.     

茶多酚作用的分子机理与闽东绿茶发展前景

茶多酚（tea polyphenol,TP）是从茶叶中分离提纯出来的多酚类化合物的复合体,大约占茶叶干重的25％左右,尤以绿茶含量最高（约为3096）。茶多酚因其化学结构中带有多个活性羟基,是一种新型天然抗氧化剂,具有明显的抗衰老、清除自由基,抑菌、杀菌,降低血糖、防治动脉粥样硬化,抑制肿瘤细胞,抗辐射等生物学活性。在食品加工、医药、日用化工等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。     

三个低咖啡碱茶树品系（种）红茶与绿茶的品质研究

为了研发低咖啡碱茶叶新产品，以滇红集团种植资源圃经单株选育的‘可可茶’为研究对象，采摘3个品种（系）茶树鲜叶分别制成红茶和绿茶。采用分光光度法分别测定茶样中的氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、可可碱、茶色素等生化成分含量，采用HPLC法测定儿茶素含量，结合感官审评对6个茶样进行品质比较分析。结果表明，所有茶样感官品质符合普通的红茶、绿茶国家标准；内含成分含量方面，所有茶样的咖啡碱和可可碱含量均低于0.5%，可作为低咖啡碱茶树资源；3个绿茶样的茶多酚含量为15.8%～17.8%,3个红茶样的茶多酚含量为10.2%～13.2%。茶色素含量方面，3个红茶样以茶褐素（5.4%～7.9%）和茶红素（6.2%～6.4%）为主；儿茶素含量方面，6个茶样的儿茶素均以EGCG、EGC为主。1号茶树最适合加工红茶，2号茶树最适合加工绿茶，3号茶树加工红茶和绿茶均可。     

蒸青绿茶杀青机的研制

一、蒸青绿茶概述蒸青绿茶具有汤色嫩绿、叶底清绿、干茶色泽翠绿和口感鲜爽、回味甘醇、苦涩味低、保质期长的品质特点,深受茶叶界人士和消费者青睐.日本人称蒸青绿茶为具有真色、真香、真味的纯真天然风味茶.蒸青绿茶是我国一个古老绿茶品种,盛于唐宋时期,但由于其加工工艺复杂,劳动强度大,自元明以后逐步被炒青绿茶所取代,在国内长期处于濒绝状态.我国茶种和蒸青绿茶加工技术传入日本以后,蒸青绿茶在日本得到了发展,并成为日本的主要茶类,50年代末日本发明了滚网筒式蒸汽杀青机,把蒸青绿茶生产推进了一大步.     

供求信息

我司主要经营绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶、白茶、名优特种茶,生产加工国内外食品、饮料、生化制药、化工行业所需的原料茶。公司拥有茶园面积近10000亩,所生产的上茗轩牌银毫王绿茶、毛尖绿茶、红茶、铁观音分别荣获广东省名优茶质量竞赛金奖和广东国际食品博览会金奖。本公司可优惠供应的茶叶产品:1.“上茗轩”品牌茶系列,金壶牌系列绿茶、红茶、乌龙     

绿茶活性提取物与游泳运动员有氧能力的关系研究

以茶多酚为主要成分的绿茶活性提取物,能够有效的抑制或清除运动员在有氧运动中产生的自由基,从而减缓运动员的疲劳感以提升有氧能力和运动成绩。本文通过实验数据分析的方法,定量地检验了以茶多酚为主要成分的绿茶活性提取物与游泳运动员有氧能力之间的关系,实验结果表明绿茶活性提取物在统计学上可以显著地提升运动员的摄氧量以及抗氧化能力,从而可以提升运动成绩。     

21个茶树优良单株生化成分分析与特异资源筛选

连续3年对筛选的21个优良单株进行主要生化成分分析,结果表明:不同年份间生化成分含量茶多酚、咖啡碱、酚氨比存在显著差异,氨基酸、水浸出物差异不显著;酚氨比与氨基酸含量的变异系数最大。3年水浸出物含量与茶多酚相关系数分别为0.564、0.664和0.761,均呈中度正相关,氨基酸、咖啡碱与水浸出物、茶多酚之间均无显著相关性。对21个优良单株5个生化成分进行聚类,可分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为适制红茶资源,第Ⅱ类群适制绿茶资源,第Ⅲ类群为红绿茶兼制资源。并从中筛选出高氨基酸特异资源3份(≥5%),高水浸出物特异资源8份(≥40%),高茶多酚特异资源8份(≥25%)。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。