饲料诱食剂对生长期苏姜猪采食量与生长性能的影响

本试验主要研究了饲料诱食剂对生长期苏姜猪采食量与生长性能的影响。试验选择60头体重45 kg左右的苏姜猪,随机分成6组,每组10头。对照组饲喂不添加诱食剂的基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂基础日粮添加500 m g/kg的诱食剂（A组：氨基酸衍生物、B组：C C K免疫抗体、C组：增强食欲素、D组：5-肌苷酸二钠、E组：5-鸟苷酸二钠）。结果表明,诱食剂B组的料重比最小,平均日采食量极显著地高于对照组,休息猪所占比例极显著地高于对照组（P〈0.01）。因此,诱食剂B（C C K免疫抗体）可以在仔猪生产中加以应用。     

生理性诱食剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

提高动物的食欲和采食量,才能最大限度的发挥动物的生长潜能。选择28头平均体重为7.39±0.08kg的30日龄三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪,按体重、健康等方面平均的原则,将试猪随机分为对照组和试验组,每组14头猪,自由采食对照组饲粮和试验组饲粮。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,试验组饲粮在基础饲粮上添加生理性诱食剂(脂溶性氨基酸衍生物)350mg/kg,试验期30d。结果显示:试验组平均日采食量、平均日增重与对照组相比,分别提高18.96%、13.61%。由此可知,高剂量添加生理性诱食剂,能提高断奶仔猪的食欲和采食量,并提高断奶仔猪的生长潜能。     

二甲酸钾对断乳仔猪生产性能和肠道健康的影响

本试验研究二甲酸钾替代抗生素对动物生产性能和肠道健康的影响。试验选择22日龄健康、体况相近断乳仔猪76头(杜×长×大),随机分为2组,每组4个重复,试验组每个重复10头仔猪、对照组每个重复9头仔猪。对照组为基础日粮(含抗敌素40 mg/kg),试验组为基础日粮添加0.8%二甲酸钾(不添加抗敌素)。结果表明:试验组和对照组在仔猪日均增重、日均采食量、料重比、腹泻频率和断乳后前3 d总采食量各指标差异不显著(P0.05),但试验组比对照组日均增重提高12.83%(P0.05)、日均采食量比对照组提高11.35%(P0.05)、断乳后前3 d总采食量提高43.21%(P0.05)。试验日粮添加0.8%二甲酸钾具有酸化剂和抗生素的双重作用,可以提高动物生产性能和肠道健康。     

福建某猪场仔猪断乳试验

仔猪断乳是强应激,易发多种疾病,造成仔猪生长减慢,是保育猪健康养殖的关键点。试验选择保育猪饲养效果不理想的猪场,应用南宏公司断乳仔猪饲养保健方案进行对比试验。选取28日龄断乳临床健康仔猪6窝共60头,随机分为试验组、对照组,各3窝30头。试验组：断乳当天每头仔猪肌注10%科特壮2mL、5%拜有利1mL,每50kg饲料中添加强力拜固舒、利好、拜力多各50g;对照组：本场断乳方案。试验第1d,试验后第7d称重并做感官、耗料、体重效果观察。试验结果为试验组仔猪毛色、皮肤更光亮;试验期间试验组每头总采食量为2466g,日均采食量为352.3g/头,分别比对照组总采食量多511g,日均采食量多73g/头;总增重47.4kg,每头增重1.58kg,日增重225g,分别比对照组总重多增重21.9kg,每头多增重0.73kg,日增重多增重104g。证明该场仔猪断乳试验获得成功。     

粗纤维浓缩物对断乳仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

选取120头28日龄断乳、体重相近的"杜长大"健康仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半的原则将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每个组设4个重复,每个重复15头,研究添加日粮中添加粗纤维浓缩物对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加1%的粗纤维浓缩物,有降低仔猪腹泻率的趋势,但对仔猪的日增重、料重比和日采食量没有明显的影响(P>0.05)。     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季哺乳母猪采食量及其生产性能的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对夏季泌乳母猪采食量和体况的影响。试验选取胎次和体重相近的经产母猪72头,随机分成4个处理组,每组18头母猪,即一个对照组和三个添加剂组(分别添加0、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、150 mg/kg的γ-氨基丁酸),进行为期28 d的饲养试验。试验结果:在0 d~7 d,试验各组之间母猪的采食量差异均不显著(P0.05);而在8 d~28 d及试验全期,添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg GABA的试验组泌乳母猪采食量显著(P0.05)高于对照组和添加150 mg/kg组的母猪;添加150 mg/kg组的母猪与对照组母猪之间差异不显著(P0.05)。且日粮中添加100 mg/kg GABA对泌乳母猪的产乳量、仔猪平均日增重和断乳重、缩短母猪断乳至发情间隔间等的效果均高于添加50 mg/kg和150 mg/kg的效果,且显著(P0.05)高于对照组。结果表明添加GABA能有效改善母猪泌乳期采食量和生产性能,其中以添加100 mg/kg GABA的改善效果最为明显。     

γ-氨基丁酸部分取代仔猪日粮高铜可行性研究

选择150头体重大于15 kg外三元(杜×长×大)杂交仔猪随机分成3组,2个试验组(饲喂添加γ-氨基丁酸的低铜日粮)和对照组(饲喂高铜日粮),研究对比低铜日粮添加γ-氨基丁酸与高铜日粮之间促生长效果差异.试验结果表明,试验组和对照组之间平均日增重、采食量、料内比差异不显著.γ-氨基丁酸产品部分替代仔猪日粮中的高铜具有可行性.本试验条件下的添加水平为:铜50～80 mg/kg,铁80 mg/kg,锌80 mg/kg,γ-氨基丁酸5～10 mg/kg.     

苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选择90头PIC21日龄的断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为1个对照组(基础日粮)和2个试验组。试验组Ⅰ在基础日粮中添加5kg/t的苯甲酸;试验组Ⅱ在基础日粮中添加10kg/t的苯甲酸,每个处理2个重复(♀和♂各一栏),每个重复15头,试验期为14d。研究结果表明,试验组和对照组的平均日采食量分别为0.299kg、0.328kg和0.297kg;平均日增重分别为0.201kg、0.221kg和0.197kg;平均料肉比分别为1.46、1.48和1.51。2个试验组的平均日增重和平均采食量均比对照组高,平均料肉比均略低于对照组,但各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

香甜鲜复合调味剂在保育仔猪饲料中应用效果研究

试验旨在研究香甜鲜复合物对断奶仔猪采食量、增重及料重比的影响。试验选取48头(28±3)日龄、体重相近的健康大白(Large White)断奶仔猪,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组分为3个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t的香甜鲜复合物。试验期7 d。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加2 kg/t的香甜鲜复合物能够显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(P=0.0490.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加香甜鲜复合物能够增加仔猪的采食量。     

酵母培养物对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果试验

试验以137头21日龄断奶仔猪为对照组,133头21日龄断奶仔猪为试验组,分别饲喂添加了0%和0.25%酵母培养物的断奶仔猪全价日粮。结果发现:①试验组和对照组仔猪21日龄的断奶平均个体重差异不显著(6.49kg和6.20kg,P=0.5918),而仔猪42日龄时的平均个体重差异显著(13.33kg和11.97kg,P=0.020),仔猪平均个体重试验组比对照组每头增加1.07kg;②仔猪27日龄转舍后,前6d的仔猪平均采食量试验组要显著高于对照组(0.35kg和0.24kg,P=0.039);③对照组有4头仔猪有轻度腹泻,试验组无腹泻发生。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。