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1.
Erika Valéria Saliba Albuquerque Poliene Martins Costa Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes Marcilene Santos Antonio Alves Pereira Michel Nicole Diana Fernandez Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(3):365-373
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate parasite species of the genus Meloidogyne that cause great losses in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations. Identification of resistant genotypes would facilitate the improvement of coffee varieties aiming at an
environmental friendly and costless nematode control. In this work, the C. arabica genotype ‘UFV 408-28’ was found to be resistant to the most destructive RKN species M. incognita. Pathogenicity assays indicated that the highly aggressive populations of M. incognita races 1, 2 and 3 were not able to successfully reproduce on ‘UFV 408-28’ roots and displayed a low gall index (GI = 2). An
average reduction of 87% reduction of the M. incognita population was observed on ‘UFV 408-28’ when compared to the susceptible cultivar ‘IAC 15’. By contrast, ‘UFV 408-28’ was
susceptible to the related species M. exigua and M. paranaensis (GI = 5 and 4, respectively). Histological observations performed on sections of UFV408-28 roots infected with M. incognita race 1 showed that nematode infection could be blocked right after penetration or during migration and establishment stages,
at 6 days, 7 days and 8 days after infection (DAI). Fluorescence and bright field microscopy observations showed that root
cells surrounding the nematodes exhibited HR-like features such as accumulation of phenolic compounds and a necrotic cell
aspect. In the susceptible ‘IAC 15’ roots, 6 DAI, feeding sites contained giant cells with a dense cytoplasm. Necrotic cells
were never observed throughout the entire infection cycle. The HR-like phenotype observed in the ‘UFV 408-28’—M. incognita interaction suggests that the coffee resistance may be mediated by a R-gene based immunity system and may therefore provide new insights for understanding the molecular basis of RKN resistance
in perennial crops. 相似文献
2.
P. Castagnone-Sereno M. Bongiovanni A. Palloix A. Dalmasso 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):585-590
Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode. 相似文献
3.
Nematode quantitative resistance conferred by the pepper genetic background presents additive effects and is stable against different isolates of Meloidogyne incognita
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Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are a major disease problem in solanaceous crops worldwide, including pepper (Capsicum spp.). Genetic control provides an economically and environmentally sustainable protection alternative to soil fumigants. In pepper, resistance to the main RKN species (M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria) is conferred by the major genes (R genes) Me1, Me3 and N. However, RKNs are able to develop virulence, thus endangering the efficiency of R genes. Quantitative resistance (QR) against Meloidogyne spp. is expected to provide an alternative to R genes, or to be combined with R genes, to increase the resistance efficiency and durability in pepper. In order to explore the ability of QR to protect pepper against RKNs, five pepper inbred lines, differing in their QR level, were tested directly, or after combination with the Me1 and Me3 genes, for their resistance to a panel of M. arenaria, M. javanica and M. incognita isolates. The M. arenaria and M. javanica isolates showed low pathogenicity to pepper, unlike the M. incognita isolates. The QR, controlled by the pepper genetic background, displayed a high resistance level with a broad spectrum of action, protecting pepper against Me3‐virulent as well as avirulent M. incognita isolates. The QR was also expressed when combined with the Me1 and Me3 genes, but presented additive genetic effects so that heterozygous F1 hybrids proved less resistant than homozygous inbred lines. The discovery of this QR is expected to provide promising applications for preserving the efficiency and durability of nematode resistance. 相似文献
4.
Two distinct races ofDitylenchus dipsaci in Israel were identified: one, which infects and damages onion and garlic, reproduces on pea, but does not infect phalaris
grass; and a second, which infects and damages phalaris—and, probably, also ‘Saia’ oats—but fails to infect onion and garlic.
A new ‘garlic’ race of the nematode does not appear to have been introduced into Israel together with the ‘Lavinia’ garlic
cultivar, as previously speculated, but rather the introduced Lavinia clone is highly susceptible to the existing ‘onion and
garlic’ race ofD. dipsaci. 相似文献
5.
T. Abou Al Fadil G. Dechamp-Guillaume R. Darvishzadeh A. Sarrafi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(4):341-346
Phoma macdonaldii is one of the most important pathogens of sunflower (Heliantus annuus) in France. In order to determine the inheritance of resistance to the disease, five sunflower genotypes with wide genetic
variability for resistance to two ‘collar’ and two ‘root’ Phoma isolates were crossed in a diallel programme. Four separate
experiments were undertaken under controlled conditions. In each one, the response of parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids
were evaluated with one of the four Phoma isolates. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the effects of genotype
on disease severity score when inoculated with ‘collar’ or ‘root’ Phoma isolates and showed significant variability among
parents and F1 hybrids for disease severity score. Diallel analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific
combining ability (SCA) effects for resistance to ‘collar’ and ‘root’ Phoma isolates were highly significant for each of the
four isolates indicating that both kinds of gene effects were important in controlling the resistance. The GCA/SCA ratios
were more than one for three out of four isolates showing that additive genetic effects were more important than non-additive
effects for resistance to three of the studied Phoma isolates. Hence, conventional breeding methods could be recommended to
achieve genetic improvement to such ‘collar’ and ‘root’ Phoma isolates. 相似文献
6.
7.
Y. L. Wu G. J. Yi X. X. Peng 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(3):409-415
In order to accelerate breeding and selection for disease resistance to Fusarium wilt, it is important to develop bioassays
which can differentiate between resistant and susceptible cultivars efficiently. Currently, the most commonly used early bioassay
for screening Musa genotypes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a pot system, followed by a hydroponic system. This paper investigated the utility of in vitro inoculation of rooted banana plantlets grown on modified medium as a reliable and rapid bioassay for resistance to Foc. Using a scale of 0 to 6 for disease severity measurement, the mean final disease severities of cultivars expressing different
levels of disease reaction were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). Twenty-four days after inoculation with Foc tropical race 4 at 106 conidia ml−1, the plantlets of two susceptible cultivars had higher final disease severities than that of four resistant cultivars. Compared
with ‘Guangfen No.1’, ‘Brazil Xiangjiao’ is highly susceptible to tropical race 4 and its mean final disease severity was
the highest (5.27). The plantlets of moderately resistant cultivar ‘Formosana’ had a mean final disease severity (3.53) lower
than that of ‘Guangfen No.1’ (4.33) but higher than that of resistant cultivars: ‘Nongke No.1’, GCTCV-119, and ‘Dongguan Dajiao’
(1.87, 1.73, and1.53, respectively). Promising resistant clones acquired through non-conventional breeding techniques such
as in vitro selection, genetic transformation, and protoplast fusion could be screened by the in vitro bioassay directly. Since there is no acclimatization stage for plantlets used in the bioassay, it helps to improve banana
breeding efficiency. 相似文献
8.
During a nematode survey, severe infections of tobacco feeder roots and heavy soil infestations byMeloidogyne incognita race 1 were found in S. Miguel (Azores islands, Portugal). This is the first record ofM. incognita infection of tobacco in Azores. Morphology of various life stages, analysis of the esterase electrophoretic pattern and differential
host tests were used for nematode characterization and identification. Nematode-induced mature galls were spherical and/or
ellipsoidal and usually contained more than one female, males and egg masses with eggs. Feeding sites were characterized by
the development of giant cells that contained granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. Giant cell cytoplasm was aggregated
along a thickened cell wall. Vascular tissues within galls appeared disorganized. The relationship between the initial nematode
population density and growth of tobacco plants was tested in a glasshouse experiment in which inoculum levels varied from
0 to 512 eggs and juveniles (J2) cm−3 of soil. Seinhorst’s model was fitted to height and top fresh weight data of the inoculated and control plants. Tolerance
limits with respect to plant height and fresh top weight of tobacco cv. ‘Erzegovina’ plants toM. incognita race 1 were estimated as 1.25 eggs and J2 cm−3 of soil. The maximum nematode reproduction rate was 404.7 at an initial population density of 4 eggs and J2 cm−3 of soil.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting March 2, 2004. 相似文献
9.
Differentin vivo resistance/susceptibility levels of 14 carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi race 2, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of carnation, were also expressed in anin vitro system and assayed as the degree of fungal colonization of callus cultures at 20° C. Temperature influenced thein vitro expression of carnation resistance. An incubation temperature of 27° C increased the colonization of calli derived from both
the susceptible (‘Corrida’ and ‘Ambra’) and the resistant (‘Pulcino’ and ‘Pallas’) cultivars. At 15°C, the colonization of
calli derived from Pulcino and Pallas diminished significantly more than for Ambra and Corrida. Inhibition of fungal growth
on resistant calli was correlated to retardation in hyphal development. Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
observations showed that hyphae did not penetrate into carnation cells. 相似文献
10.
Alexandre Campos Gon?alo da Costa Ana Varela Coelho Pedro Fevereiro 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(4):603-616
Olive knot disease is characterised by the development of galls on Olea europaea stems as a result of infection by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. Protein differential accumulation during the first week of infection was studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to investigate the biochemical changes occurring in infected tissues and to understand the
factors involved in bacteria pathogenesis and plant response to infection. Common infection symptoms were obtained in 1 year-old
plants of two Portuguese cultivars, ‘Galega’ and ‘Cordovil de Serpa’ using the strain NCPPB 2327. The comparison of protein
patterns of non-inoculated stem tissues, stem tissues inoculated with water or with the strain NCPPB 2327 led to the detection
of differentially expressed infection-related proteins. Moreover a distinct protein pattern was obtained between cultivars
in response to infection. The differential protein expression was characterised by qualitative and quantitative variation.
Among the differentially expressed proteins were the bacterial P. savastanoi orthologues of outer membrane porin F, the tellurium resistance protein, aconitate hydratase 2 and a hypothetical protein
with unknown function. From O. europaea, protein orthologues of enolase and calcium-dependent protein kinase were found to be differentially expressed. Results are
discussed in the context of the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions in the search for markers for the presence
of the bacterium in plant tissues. 相似文献
11.
Three isolates of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) were obtained from chrysanthemum plants in distinct regions of Japan in 2006 and 2007. All the original host plants
showed severe necrotic symptoms on the leaves and stems. Amino acid sequence data of the nucleocapsid protein genes of the
three isolates (CbCh07A, TcCh07A, and GnCh07S) showed high identities with those of two other CSNV isolates, HiCh06A L1 from
Japan and Chry1 from Brazil. Furthermore, for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of the S RNA was determined
for CSNV (isolate HiCh06A). In phylogenetic analysis based on the non-structural protein genes from the genus Tospovirus, HiCh06A L1 was placed in the same genetic group as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus. Host range examination for isolates HiCh06A L1 and CbCh07A showed that green pepper (cv. ‘Kyoyutaka’, ‘Saitamawase’, ‘Tosakatsura’,
‘L3 sarara’ and ‘L3 miogi’) and tomato (cv. ‘Sekaiichitomato’) were systemically susceptible hosts, whereas TSWV-resistant
Solanaceae species, Capsicum chinense, Lycopersicon peruvianum and a TSWV-resistant cultivar of green pepper (cv. TSR miogi), were resistant. 相似文献
12.
南方根结线虫中国分离群体种内变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为调查我国不同地区和不同寄主上的根结线虫Meloidogyne spp.种类分布以及群体变异情况,基于酯酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶图谱及SCAR分子标记技术对2017—2019年从6省19种植物根部组织分离到的40个根结线虫群体进行鉴定,针对南方根结线虫M. incognita群体分别通过寄主鉴别法进行生理小种鉴别,利用携带Mi抗性基因的番茄进行毒力测试,对2龄幼虫的口针长度和体长进行测量,并对核糖体ITS和线粒体Nad5基因序列进行比较分析。结果显示:根结线虫分离群体经鉴定包括38个南方根结线虫群体和2个象耳豆根结线虫M. erterolobii群体;38个南方根结线虫群体中有35个群体被鉴别为1号生理小种,其余3个群体被鉴别为2号生理小种;发现1个南方根结线虫群体CN19可在携带Mi抗性基因的番茄上侵染繁殖,为毒性群体,其余群体无法进行侵染和繁殖,为无毒群体。南方根结线虫群体2龄幼虫的口针长度和体长均差异较大,而不同寄主来源分离群体的ITS和Nad5基因序列也存在一定变异。基于ITS和Nad5基因序列构建的系统发育树将所有根结线虫群体归为南方根结线虫和象耳豆根结线虫组成的2个独立分支,... 相似文献
13.
Shin-ichi Miyata Hiroshi Kato Richard Davis Malcolm W. Smith Matthew Weinert Toru Iwanami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(1):43-47
‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is the most widespread of the three species of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ that cause citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). To ascertain the phylogenetic relationships among Indian
isolates that have higher diversity in the 16S rDNA than Asian isolates of this species, we collected symptomatic leaves from
Northeast India, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste (East Timor) and detected ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ by PCR using primers specific for nusG–rplK genes and 16S rDNA. Phylogenetic analysis with 16S rDNA sequences and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the omp gene region revealed that the Northeast Indian isolates were genetically closer to Asian-common isolates from Japan, Taiwan,
and Vietnam than to Indian isolates reported previously. Thus, the Asian-common strains of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ are apparently also present in Northeast India. 相似文献
14.
小麦抗赤霉病3B-QTL和6B-QTL的遗传互作模式分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确来自抗赤霉病的小麦品种望水白的2个主效抗扩展3B-QTL和6B-QTL的抗性遗传和互作模式,基于分子标记辅助选择方法,构建了回交分离群体,以病小穗数(NDS)和病轴长(LDR)为鉴定指标,采用单花滴注接种法对携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL的BC_3F_1、BC_3F_2、BC_3F_3世代以及抗感对照进行了抗赤霉病扩展的表型鉴定和评价。结果表明,3B-QTL和6B-QTL在烟农19和矮抗58不同的背景中,杂合基因型与纯合望水白基因型之间的NDS和LDR差异显著;携带3B-QTL和6B-QTL株系的抗扩展性与只含有单个3B-QTL的株系无显著差异,但显著高于只携带单个6B-QTL株系的抗性,抗感分离比经卡方检验符合4∶3∶9的分离比例,遵循2个独立孟德尔遗传因子控制的隐性遗传模式,且3B-QTL隐性上位于6B-QTL。研究表明,望水白的3B-QTL和6B-QTL抗扩展效应强且稳定,可以作为抗赤霉病基因资源在育种实践中充分利用。 相似文献
15.
为鉴定水稻Xa47(t)a基因对白叶枯病的抗性,以水稻种质L214为材料,通过构建针对Xa47(t)a基因的Xa47(t)a-Cas9敲除载体来获得敲除突变体,利用生物信息学技术对突变的Xa47(t)a基因进行突变类型分析,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)技术分析突变体中Xa47(t)a及病程相关基因的表达情况,并于水稻孕穗期对突变体及其野生型植株接种11株白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae菌株进行抗性鉴定。结果表明,在Xa47(t)a基因的第2外显子区域进行基因编辑后成功获得25株T0代突变体株系;测序分析发现T0代突变体株系中有13种不同的突变体类型,其中纯合突变体有3种类型,且突变位点均在靶标位点的11位碱基处缺失1~4个A碱基;氨基酸序列分析发现大部分突变体中Xa47a编码的蛋白翻译会提前终止,由原来的803个氨基酸变为144~166个氨基酸;qPCR分析结果表明突变体中Xa47(t)a及大部分病程相关基因的表达水平显著低于野生型株系;抗性鉴... 相似文献
16.
Paula S. Coelho Luísa Valério António A. Monteiro 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(2):179-188
Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica (formerly Peronospora parasitica) is a worldwide foliar disease of Brassica vegetables, which may cause seedling loss in the nurseries and damage to adult
plants in the field. Disease symptoms start from the lower leaves and progress upwards. Three experiments were conducted under
controlled environment conditions, using inoculated leaf discs, to determine the influence of leaf position, plant age, and
leaf age on the expression of resistance to downy mildew in various Brassica oleracea genotypes. The upper leaves were more resistant than the lower leaves when 7–19 week-old plants of broccoli and Tronchuda
cabbage were tested. Broccoli lines ‘PCB21.32’ and ‘OL87123-2’ were fully susceptible at the cotyledon stage, showed a clear
resistance increase from lower to upper leaves at 6 weeks and ‘PCB21.32’ was fully resistant 16 weeks after sowing. Immature
leaves were more resistant than adjacent fully expanded mature leaves. Susceptibility increased with leaf age when the same
leaf was tested at two to 4-week intervals. Leaf age and upper-leaf position on the stem had opposite effects on disease score,
since younger leaves collected from lower positions and older leaves collected from upper positions tended to score similarly
in compatible interactions. The progression of downy mildew from the base of the plant upwards on B. oleracea in the field could be due to differences in leaf resistance in addition to environmental variation. To maximise the expression
of a compatible reaction in adult plants lower leaves of Brassica plants that are at least 12 weeks-old should be used. 相似文献
17.
Maria Rosa Simon Elena K. Khlestkina Nadia S. Castillo Andreas Börner 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(3):317-324
The foliar wheat disease septoria tritici blotch can cause significant yield losses. A source of resistance has been mapped
on chromosome 7D of spelt wheat, Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. The microsatellite-based genetic map was constructed from a set of 87 single-chromosome recombinant doubled-haploid
lines bred from the cross between the landrace ‘Chinese Spring’ and a ‘Chinese Spring’-based line carrying chromosome 7D from
spelt wheat. Two regions of the chromosome were associated with isolate-specific QTL expressed one at the seedling and another
at the adult plant stage. The seedling resistance locus QStb.ipk-7D1 was found in the centromeric region of chromosome 7D, which corresponds to the location of the major resistance genes Stb4 originating from bread wheat cultivar ‘Tadinia’ and Stb5 originating from Triticum tauschii. The adult resistance locus QStb.ipk-7D2 was found on the short arm of chromosome 7D in a similar position to the locus Lr34/Yr18 known to be effective against multiple pathogens. Composite interval mapping confirmed QStb.ipk-7D1 and QStb.ipk-7D2 to be two distinct loci. 相似文献
18.
Hong Lin Md Sajedul Islam Yang Bai Amin Wen Suque Lan Neil C. Gudmestad Edwin L. Civerolo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):297-308
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is associated with the Zebra Chip (ZC) disorder of potatoes. A panel of eight simple sequence
repeat (SSR) markers was developed and used to genetically characterize ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ strains obtained from ZC-affected potato plants in the United States and Mexico. The multilocus SSR markers
in this study effectively differentiated genotypes and estimated genetic diversity of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ strains. Genotype assignment analyses identified two major lineages of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ in the North American populations while only one lineage type was identified in Mexican population. No clear
genetic structure was found among haplotypes based on geographical proximity or host. The high resolution power of the SSR
marker system developed in this study provides a useful tool for genotyping closely related strains and tracking sources of
the pathogen. Genotype information combined with epidemiological data will advance knowledge of ZC disease and will facilitate
development of effective disease management. 相似文献
19.
Pratylenchus thornei densities were monitored in field plots of two winter wheat cultivars in a dry farming area of southern Spain. Samples were
taken fortnightly during the wheat-growing season and from the following dry fallow. Under bread wheat cv. ‘Yecora’, densities
ofP. thornei increased for 5 to 6 months and then were maintained or slightly decreased thereafter, surviving the summer dry fallow in
an anhydrobiotic state (78.2% and 85.3% survival in soil and roots, respectively). Under durum wheat cv. ‘Donpedro’, nematode
densities decreased over the growing season, although densities within the roots increased during the first 2 months of the
wheat-growing period, indicating that nematodes could penetrate the roots of this cultivar but were unable to reproduce. These
observations suggest resistance of wheat cv. Donpedro toP. thornei. 相似文献
20.
Thirty-four isolates ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis (F.o.m.) obtained from 205 fields in melon-producing areas in the southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey were identified on the basis
of colony morphology and pathogenicity by the root dip method. In this region the mean prevalence of wilt disease was 88.1%
and the mean incidence of disease was 47.5%. Physiologic races 0, 1, 2, and 1,2 of the pathogen were determined by their reactions
on differential melon cultivars ‘Charentais T,’ ‘Isoblon’, ‘Isovac’ and ‘Margot’ in the greenhouse. Race 1,2, representating
58.8% (20/34) of all isolates, was widely distributed. Of the other pathogenic isolates, eight were identified as race 0,
five as race 1, and one as race 2. This is the first report of physiologic races ofF.o.m. in Turkey. Of 44 melon cultivars tested in the greenhouse for resistance toF.o.m. races, 36 were found to be moderately resistant to race 0, 17 were susceptible to race 1,2, 34.1% were highly resistant to
race 1, and 52.2% had moderate resistance to race 2.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 16, 2002. 相似文献