长白山野生稠李移植驯化技术

介绍了长白山野生稠李从伐区移植到大田驯化的过程和技术要求,包括选苗、移栽时间、苗木起挖、苗木运输、定植、苗木管理等方面内容。     

野生苗移植

几年来的经验证明,野生苗移植适应性强,苗木生长稳定,成活率很高,成本也低于育苗造林。野生苗的就地移植技术是比较简单的。首先是选好苗源地和移苗地,通常是土壤坡度坡向相差愈小愈好,要注意苗源必须充足。具体操作技术分四个步骤进行。1、整地:按一般的整地方法用锹挖宽50×50厘米或40×40厘米,深50厘米的穴(深度最好视苗木根部之长短决定),注意穴的规正。2、掘苗:用普通的锹(最好稍小于一般大锹)将生长健壮、枝叶茂盛、无病虫害、具有顶芽的苗木掘出,注意不要伤根,林地要保留足够     

野生移植青枫嫁接红枫繁殖试验研究

采用槭树科野生移植青枫为砧木高位嫁接红枫,快速培育红枫大苗。通过不同移栽时间的野生青枫移植成活率试验和不同方法的高位嫁接红枫试验观察,结果表明:3月上旬野生青枫移植成活率较高,嫁接方法上切接成活率大于芽接。研究摸索出了一套以野生青枫砧木高位嫁接培育红枫的技术,有效克服了红枫种子繁殖,难以保持种性,易发生变异,出苗后生长较缓慢以及扦插成活率低等因素的影响。该研究为红枫等槭树科观赏植物的快速推广应用提供了基础性和技术性支持,有利于红枫苗木培育产业化的发展。     

孑遗植物四合木在鄂托克旗重焕生机

<正>一袋一袋、一丛一丛，郁郁葱葱、生机盎然，这是鄂托克旗成功移植、繁育野生四合木的喜人画面。人工繁育30余万株、成活率75%以上，这是当地有史以来四合木人工繁育株数最多、成活率最高的范例。乡土专家在无任何先进科技支撑的条件下，凭借多年培育苗木的经验，总结第一手技术成果，填补了野生四合木人工移植、繁育的空白，让四合木在鄂托克旗重焕生机。     

雪岭云杉幼树移栽技术要点

雪岭云杉（Pcea schrenkiaia）常绿乔木．是新疆的特有树种,呈野生分布。繁殖栽培方法主要是野生苗木移植或种子繁殖后移植。该树种为喜阴湿、耐寒树种，树干通直，无主根系，侧根发达，侧枝轮生。其外形美观大方，抗烟尘，绿化效果好，深受广大林业、园林工作者的喜爱，在我区主要作为庭院、公园的观赏树和行道树，山区绿化造林也进行了广泛的栽植。     

提高油松苗木移植成活率技术初探

分析了油松苗木移植技术,从移植季节的选择、移植苗木的选择、苗木修剪、起苗、运输、植穴、苗木栽植和养护管理进行了较为详尽的阐述,为提高油松苗木的移植成活率提供了实用技术。     

野生苗移植是可行的

六十年代初期,牙克石林区曾推行过野生苗移植技术,以促进造林工作的发展。但是,移植的苗木成活率很低,同时,移苗迹地上的保留苗也大部分枯死,呈现了“一山栽树两山空”的局面。因此,野生苗移植被视为劳民伤财而全盘否定。当真是“一山栽树两山空”吗?事实并非完全如此。一九六四年春季,库都尔林业局搞机关绿化,曾于格林达沟口东山坡移来数十株高两米多,粗约两厘米的落叶松“幼苗”,栽植在局机关院内。时过二十三年,这些移来的落叶松野生苗都已高达十余米,胸径已超过二十厘米。这一事实证明:野生苗移植是可行的。     

樟子松苗木移植与留植成活生长关系的研究

通过对樟子松苗木移植与留植后成活及生长情况的调查比较,结果表明:樟子松移植一般采用1 年生苗木,采用不合格苗木将显著降低移植成活率;樟子松苗木出圃前要灌足封冻水,才能保证移植苗的成活率,在移植实践中苗木含水率与移植苗成活率呈正相关;不能忽视苗木的保湿,在移植过程中尽可能做到随起苗随运输随栽植(将苗木蘸好泥浆),缩短苗木在外裸露的时间。     

大树移植在城市园林应用效果的调查与分析

对大树移植在城市园林应用的效果进行了调查与分析,结果表明:大树绝大多数挖掘于野生天然林或各类人工林,严重破坏了森林资源;移植成活率不高,树木长势衰弱;增加了工程建设成本,造成资源浪费和经济损失。大树移植用于城市园林弊大于利,应予以摈弃或受到必要的限制。解决对策:一是加大《森林法》执法力度,禁止挖掘森林中的大树用于城市园林;二是制定《园林绿化苗木标准》,规范苗木规格;三是加强苗木生产绿地建设,规范苗木来源,提高供给能力,满足苗木市场需求。     

园林苗木的培育和管理

从育苗和苗木移植两个环节详细介绍了园林苗木的培育和管理技术。对容器育苗和温室育苗两种方式进行了分别探讨。对移植前期准备、移植时期、移植方法和移植苗木的管理进行了介绍。     

赣中北毛竹表型特征的地理变异初探

调查研究江西省中北部6个毛竹林（Ⅲ度竹）的胸径、全株杆鲜重、全株枝叶鲜重、杆长、全杆节数、枝下节数、枝盘数、枝下高、叶长和叶宽、叶片长宽比、胸径处竹壁厚度、竹腔径、壁腔比、竹材含水率等表型特征。运用SAS8.1软件进行多元线性回归分析和偏相关分析,研究表明：全株杆鲜重、全株枝叶鲜重和胸径处竹壁厚呈现随经度变化的地理模式,其它表型特征随经度的变化不明显;所调查的表型特征均没有表现随纬度和海拔的变化而变化的地理变异模式。     

一个世纪来黑龙江省森林景观动态研究

With the help of GIS tool of ARC/INFO,ARCVIEW and FRAGSTATS,the map of forest resource distribution of Heilongjiang Province was analyzed in 1896,1949 and 1981.Using total area,mean patch size,patch density,coefficient of patch size variation,mean patch fractal dimension and mean shape index,we studied the change of forest landscape pattem and the change of each patch types in this region.As a result,the total area of forest landscape and mean patch size decreased sharply,the quantity and density of patches increased,the juxtaposition of patches weakened,the shape of patch tended to become regular,and the border of patch simplified.All these showed that the forest landscape of this area tended to fragment gradually,and the fragment of Korean pine forest is the severest.the diversity of whole forest landscape and the eveness of landscape types distribution reduced gradually.Human impact,instead of climate change and forest community succession,is the most important reason for such dramatic chages.     

Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents

Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution. The presence of saponins has been reported in more than 100 families of plants out of which at least 150 kinds of natural saponins have been found to possess significant anti-cancer properties. There are more than 11 distinguished classes of saponins including dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes and steroids. Due to the great variability of their structures, saponins always display anti-tumorigenic effects through varieties of antitumor pathways. In addition, there are a large amount of saponins that still either remain to be trapped or studied in details by the medicinal chemists. This article reviews many such structures and their related chemistry along with the recent advances in understanding mechanism of action and structure–function relationships of saponins at the molecular and cellular levels. These aglycones have been described and their classification and distribution have been listed in the review. Some special saponins with strong antitumor effects have also been exhibited. Ginsenosides, belonging to dammaranes, have been found beneficial targeted on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by suppressing its inducer in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and then on prevention of adhering, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Dioscin, one of the steroidal saponins, and its aglycone diosgenin also have been extensively studied on its antitumor effect by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other important molecules discussed include oleanane saponins such as avicins, platycodons, saikosaponins, and soysaponins along with tubeimosides.     

两种危害松类的新叶蜂(膜翅目, 广腰亚目, 松叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。     

秃杉的物种确立、天然林种群特征、保护、引种和种源选择研究

根据秃杉有关的研究文献,对秃杉物种的确立,天然林的生物多样性、空间分布、动态和更新演替等种群特征,原生地保护与迁地保护,引种地气候和立地的适应性,速生性,抗寒、耐高温干旱、耐萌、抗风和抗病虫害能力等抗逆性,种源的遗传多样性,种源地理变异和生态适应性,种子、苗期及林木生长的变异,不同年龄林木生长性状的相关性,优良种源选择和种源区划等的研究进行了综合评述。     

论人本主义管理理念

组织最重要的资源是人,要实现组织目标就要有合理的管理,人本主义管理理念就是在管理过程中以人为本,以尊重人格,突出柔性管理,关心员工发展的双赢策略,确立员工的主人翁地位和注重员工培训为人本主义管理的思想内容。     

中国林业战略的现状及可持续发展战略

本文通过对中国林业的现状及存在的一系列生态、环境、经济和社会问题的分析讨论,重点强调了森林及整个林业在我国社会和经济发展中的重要作用。同时,作者提出可持续发展,特别是林业的可持续发展是解决我国当前生态环境和经济社会问题的关键和必由之路。并从生态学、经济学和社会学的角度,论证和阐述了林业可持续发展的目标、准则,以及我国林业的可持续发展战略。参11。     

Decomposition and nutrient release in needle litter from nitrogen‐fertilized scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stands

Decomposition of Scots pine needle litter originating from five stands treated with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer was measured over a 4‐year period in a mature Scots pine forest. The litter types, which differed in initial concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, but not in gross organic composition, were studied with respect to mass loss, ingrowth of total fungal mycelium, and net release of nutrients. During the first year of decomposition, rates of mass loss and ingrowth of fungal mycelium were highest in the nutrient‐rich litter. Phosphorus concentration was found to be the main factor affecting mass‐loss rate, and the rate of fungal ingrowth was positively correlated with initial nitrogen concentration. After this initial period, decomposition rates decreased, and after 4 years, accumulated mass loss and amounts of fungal mycelium were similar in all five litter types. These findings may be due, in part, to a lower rate of lignin decomposition in nitrogen‐enriched litter. Of the elements, potassium and magnesium were most rapidly lost from the litter, and their release was most pronounced during the first year. Calcium release was proportional to the loss in organic matter. Initially, the release of nitrogen and phosphorus was positively related to their concentrations in litter, however, during later stages of decomposition the differences among litter types levelled out. There was a tendency for concentrations of all elements, except nitrogen, in the different litters to approach similar levels as decomposition proceeded. Thus, after 4 years the nutrient composition of the various litter types was very similar, except for higher nitrogen concentrations in the originally most nutrient‐rich litters. The importance of the results in terms of substrate quality in fertilized as well as in non‐fertilized forests is discussed.     

哈尔滨工程大学校园绿化改造方案

本文通过对哈尔滨工程大学绿化现状的分析,在规划中,提出了"一园、二区、三空间、四廊道、六组团"整体绿化景观,使设计更科学、布局更完整、结构更清晰。在新校区规划为体现学校从"发现—研究—收获"的这一发展历程。提出"新校区、新建筑、新景观"的思想,设计出简洁、现代、生态且充满创造精神的新景观。结合不同的区域特点分别提出了详细设计方案,展现出知识不断求索创新、积累升华的过程。     

竹业引领人类生活更美好

文章介绍了竹材在建筑、家具、交通、日用品等领域的应用现状,分析了竹材在性能、成本、资源量及环保等方面具有的多种优势,以及木材、塑料、钢材、陶瓷应用局限性和劣势,提出了竹木并举、以竹代塑、竹钢协同、竹瓷互补潜在的创新应用方向。在当前化石能源日益枯竭、环境压力越来越大的情况下,发展竹产业、应用竹产品是一项改变人类生活、促进绿色发展的重要举措,是健康生活、生态人居、绿色发展的正确方向。