Utilization of Aromatic Rice in Improving Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice （I）

To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines. In the meantime, the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency was also conducted.It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the KOH-soaking method. There existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes.Xiangxiang 2A, developed from the cross of V20A//V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but also has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A / Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed, and released to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or not all grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability.     

Effect of Nutrient Type on Chemical Composition and Dry Matter Partitioning of Cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz）

The objective of our study was to determine the effects of four types of fertilisers enrichments （manure potassic （K）, phosphatic （P）, phosphatic and potassic （PK） and nitrogenized, phosphated and potassic （NPK）） on chemical composition and dry matter in cassava （Manihot esculenta） organs （clone 1171） during harvest period. The pots experiment was laid out in randomised complete bloc design with five treatments and four replications. Water, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, total proteins and total lipids contents of the leaves, shoots and tubers were determined. After 9 months growing period, results showed that fertilizer types enriched with K, PK and NPK significantly increased the organic compounds contents of the leaves （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, fertilizers with high phosphorus content significantly increased the lipid contents of the leaves （25%）. Fertilizers enriched with NPK positively influenced the biomass partitioning in Manihot esculenta. Application of fertilizers enriched with NPK led to higher levels of total proteins in the leaves and tubers （70 mg g DM^-1 and 30 mg g DM^-1 respectively） compared to control （17 mg g DM^-1 and 9 mg g DM^-1 respectively）. These results help to demonstrate the value of these fertilizers enrichment to improve the chemical composition and dry matter partitioning of cassava.     

Study on Quality Improvement Effect and Separate Character of Soybean Male Sterile （MS1） Recurrent Selection Population

To solve the problem that soybean has narrow genetic base, we constructed a series of male sterile recurrent selection populations, and studied the effects of quality improvement and practical value. An LD-base population, which fits to our ecology type was constructed by 6 years＇ gene enrichment through the introduction of new genes from 23 local varieties and recurrent selection. The LD-base populations were then improved by making crosses with high protein and high oil genotypes. As a result we obtained a high protein sub-population （db） and a high oil sub-population （gy）, For the db sub-population, the protein content is 1.18% higher than the base population, 22.38% of the individuals contain 45% or more of protein, which is 10.99% higher than the base population. For the gy sub-population, oil content is 0.24% higher than the base population. Individuals with oil content of 20% or more are 11.05% higher than the base population. The quantitative characters such as flowering date, mature date, pod habit, and hilum color, etc., all showed wide range of separation, and the segregation ratio approached balance. The c.v. of branch number of ms1 recurrent population （72.8%） is higher than general cross-population （57.3%）, and the c.v. of 100 seed weight of ms1 （18.1%） is higher than general cross population （16.5%）, the coefficient of variation of plant height, pods per plant, and seeds per pod were not significantly different. It was demonstrated in this paper that the quality character of ms 1 male sterile recurrent selection population was improved by adding new genes. And the segregation of other characters widened, making the populations suitable for the objective of soybean breeding. In this paper, we also discussed the breeding method, key technology, and selection effect of soybean ms 1 population.     

Effect of Foliar Application of Iron on Seasonal Changes of Minerals Composition in Petioles and Berries of Halwani Lebanon and Kamali Grape Cultivars （Vitis vinifera L,）

A field experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons, to study the effect of foliar application of iron-chelated ＂Fe-EDTA＂ at concentration 0, 100 and 200 mg/L on the seasonal dynamic of mineral composition of N, P, K, Fe and Zn in petioles and berries of Halwani Lebanon and Kamali grape cultivars, grown on a calcareous soil in Mosul region, Iraq. The results revealed that the foliar application of 200 mg Fe/L caused a significant increase of N, P, K, Fe and Zn concentrations in petioles and berries compared with the control for both seasons. Additionally, the N, P, K, Fe and Zn concentration in petioles were high at the beginning of the growth season, whereas, decrease towards in the end of the growth season in both cultivars and seasons. While the N, P, K, Fe and Zn in berry content was increased towards from berry set to veraison and ripening stage in both cultivars and seasons. So there are various element contents in the cultivars.     

Study on Effect of Age of Seedlings Transplant on the Performance of Tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） in a Southwestern Nigeria Location

Field trials were conducted at the experimental site of the Department of Plant Science of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2005 and 2006 cropping season to examine the effects of age of transplanting on the performance of tomato Lycopersieon esculentum L. Establishment count %, plant height stem girth, earliness to flower, and fruit yield were significantly affected by the ages at which the seedlings were transplanted. The 2 and 3 weeks after sowing transplants were identical in performance and gave the highest number of field establishment count, growth increase, and yield. The 4WAS transplants performed better than the 5WAS transplants. It is concluded that a delay in early transplanting of tomato seedlings after 4WAS could lead to a very high reduction in tomato yield in the study area.     

麟游黑山羊品种特性与生产性能

为了开发地方优势资源,发展特色羊肉,在对麟游黑山羊分布区域、适应性及外貌特征调查研究的基础上,运用传统方法对体质量、体尺进行测定;通过对粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸的分析,及对嫩度、剪切力和肉色等的测定来评估麟游黑山羊的肉品品质。结果表明,麟游黑山羊适应性强,体格、生长速度均高于其他黑山羊品种,而且屠宰率和净肉率高,肉质细嫩,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

应用微卫星对大足黑山羊进行亲缘关系鉴定

为了确定大足黑山羊的亲缘关系,本试验选用24个微卫星位点对133只完全没有血缘记录的大足黑山羊基因组DNA进行扩增,扩增产物用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行分离,银染显色后获得个体的基因型.用亲缘分析软件Cervus2.0进行个体关系分析,最终将子代个体以父权分为了11个群体,并对11只种公羊进行聚类分析,得出整个群体的亲缘关系,本实验结果对大足黑山羊的亲缘关系进行了初步分析,可为该群体的选育选配提供了参考.     

不同养殖模式下俄罗斯鲟肌肉营养成分的比较与分析

为了了解循环水养殖系统养殖条件下鱼类肌肉的营养成分,开展鱼类品质调控研究。本研究通过比较循环水养殖系统养殖条件下与池塘拟野生条件下俄罗斯鲟肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,并进行对比评价。结果表明,两种条件下俄罗斯鲟肌肉中一般营养成分不存在显著差异,均检出17种氨基酸,氨酸酸各组成成分含量方面两者无显著差异。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)结果显示：循环水系统养殖条件下第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋-胱氨酸,赖氨酸在必需氨基酸中评分最高,必需氨酸基指数EAAI循环水组高于池塘组。循环水组检出20种脂肪酸,池塘组检出14种脂肪酸,两者脂肪酸总量无明显差异,脂肪酸各组成成份有较大差异,其中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)循环水组显著高于池塘组。综上所述,循环水养殖系统养殖条件下俄罗斯鲟肌肉的营养价值不低于池塘拟野生条件下的俄罗斯鲟。     

油松花粉成分分析

分析了油松花粉中的氨基酸、脂肪酸、糖、维生素、黄酮类和矿质元素等的含量。油松花粉具有很高的营养价值和药用价值。     

杂交改良对撒坝猪肌肉品质的影响——肌肉化学成分分析

 选用24kg左右的去势撒坝猪及其约长撒三元杂交猪各7头，根据基因型分成2组, 按活重变化分为3个试验期 （前期20～35kg，中期35～60kg和后期60～90kg），在同一试验期内饲喂同样的日粮进行饲养试验，当活重达90kg进行屠宰试验，研究杂交改良对云南省本地猪种撒坝猪肌肉化学成分的影响。撒坝猪通过杂交改良后，生长速度和瘦肉率显著提高，但其肉品质均有不同程度的下降。杂交后代鲜肉的总氨基酸含量有降低的趋势，但统计学差异不显著（P＞0.05）；撒坝猪鲜肉的赖氨酸含量显著地比杂交猪的高（P＜0.05），在干肉样中，二者的差异不显著（P＞0.05）；然而，撒坝猪的组氨酸含量在鲜样和干样中都显著地比杂交猪的高（P＜0.01）。肌肉中脂肪酸的测定结果显示，撒坝猪肌肉中的油酸（C_18∶1）和亚麻酸（C_18∶3）的含量显著地比杂交猪的高（P＜0.05）；尽管统计学的差异不显著，撒坝猪肌肉中的豆酸蔻（C_14∶1）, 和棕榈油酸（C_16∶1）显示了比杂交猪的高趋势（P＞0.05）；然而，杂交猪肌肉中亚油酸 （C_18∶2）的含量显著地比撒坝猪中的高（P＜0.05）；两个组的棕榈酸（C_16∶0），硬脂酸（C_18∶0） 和花生酸（C_20∶0）含量相同（P＞0.05）。     

杂交改良对麻城黑山羊肌肉化学成分的影响

通过分析麻城黑山羊及杂交后代肌肉的化学成分,旨在探讨杂交改良对麻城黑山羊肌肉品质的影响.选用麻城黑山羊,波尔山羊×麻城黑山羊(简称:波麻F1),波麻F1×波麻F1(波麻F2)3个组,以放牧加补饲的方式饲养,试验结束时每组选取12只屠宰并进行肌肉化学成分分析.结果表明,麻城黑山羊及杂交后代间常规营养成分差异均不显著(P＞...     

皱胃和静脉内输注氨基酸对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响

研究了皱胃和静脉内输注氨基酸对山羊血清胃泌素水平的影响。试验分为２个系列，系列Ｉ皱胃内输注，结果为输注的８种Ｌ型氨基酸及混合氨基酸与生理盐水相比，其中只有苯丙氨差异脯氨酸引起山羊血清胃泌素水平显升高，其输注前水平分别为（＊１３８．４８±１５．０１）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１和（９７．１３±２０．９８）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１，输注后水平分别为（１８６．７９±７．４８）ｎｇ．Ｌ＾－１（１２８．０５±１７．００）ｎｇ．Ｌ     

野生及养殖拉氏鱼岁营养成分比较分析

为了解拉氏鱼岁肌肉的营养特性,采用常规方法测定了野生和养殖拉氏鱼岁的含肉率,采用生化分析方法比较分析了野生和养殖拉氏鱼岁肌肉的一般营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成与含量。结果表明:野生拉氏鱼岁含肉率(74.35%)显著低于养殖拉氏鱼岁(75.13%),粗蛋白含量(18.10%)显著高于养殖拉氏鱼岁(17.11%),粗脂肪和灰分(分别为2.95%和1.48%)显著低于养殖拉氏鱼岁(分别为4.82%和1.55%),水分含量(77.07%)与养殖拉氏鱼岁(76.85%)无显著差异。在检测出的18种氨基酸中,野生拉氏鱼岁中有6种氨基酸含量显著高于养殖拉氏鱼岁,1种氨基酸含量极显著高于养殖拉氏鱼岁,其余11种差异不显著,氨基酸总量野生拉氏鱼岁(14.92%)显著高于养殖拉氏鱼岁(14.11%);8种人体必需氨基酸野生拉氏鱼岁(6.05%)显著高于养殖拉氏鱼岁(5.49%);4种鲜味氨基酸(分别为5.43%和5.38%)二者无显著差异;必需氨基酸指数野生拉氏鱼岁(65.84)高于养殖拉氏鱼岁(63.26)。主要脂肪酸分别检出13种和12种,野生拉氏鱼岁不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA占脂肪酸总量(分别为77.11%和12.82%)与养殖拉氏鱼岁(分别为75.74%和12.33%)无显著差异。通过分析,野生与养殖拉氏鱼岁肌肉中的鲜味氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA等主要营养成分总体组成比较接近,二者肌肉品质差别不大。     

麻城黑山羊与波尔山羊杂交改良效果研究初报

对麻城黑山羊与波尔山羊进行育成杂交,通过对杂种羊体型外貌、生长发育状况、繁殖性能、育肥性能进行观察及测定,并与麻城黑山羊进行了比较.结果表明,波麻杂交一代(F1)毛色与波尔羊特征相近,杂交二代(F2)出现毛色分离现象,杂种后代羊在基本繁殖规律上与麻城黑山羊趋于一致,但生长速度、繁殖成活率、屠宰率和净肉率等方面优于麻城黑山羊,杂交效果明显.     

黑羽番鸭及继代选育后代的胸腿肌营养成分测定

为加快优质型黑羽番鸭的培育,同时为黑羽番鸭的饲料配方设计和营养需求提供参考,对黑羽番鸭第13周龄(上市期)、第24周龄(产蛋期)、第51周龄(成年期)以及继代选育后代第13周龄的胸腿肌营养物质含量进行了测定。结果表明:黑羽番鸭胆固醇含量胸肌中为55.01~55.29 mg/100g,腿肌中为50.93~53.09mg/100g;肌苷酸含量胸肌为2.98~3.69mg/g,腿肌为3.02~3.36mg/g,胸肌中公鸭显著高于母鸭,腿肌中第24周龄和第51周龄性别间差异显著;氨基酸丰富且含量高。后代黑羽番鸭中胆固醇含量较上世代减少1.1mg/100g左右,肌苷酸含量提高0.4mg/g左右,风味氨基酸含量除脯氨酸较上世代有所降低外,其余均得到提升,增幅在0.1~0.5mg/g。培育的黑羽番鸭符合优质型肉鸭的特点,具有明显的种质新特性,市场竞争优势明显,产业化前景广阔。