共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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室内评价了一株球孢白僵菌Bb0062对天敌昆虫烟蚜茧蜂寄生行为的影响。直接喷雾接菌进行生物测定,结果表明,球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂具有较高毒性,随着接种剂量的增加,致死中时(LT50)缩短。利用烟蚜茧蜂寄生接菌和未接菌的桃蚜,发现寄生蜂对健康桃蚜的寄生率为52.54%,明显高于对接菌桃蚜的寄生率40.19%,表明球孢白僵菌可通过侵染蚜虫间接影响寄生蜂的寄生行为。以喷雾接菌当天(0天)、1、3和5天的寄生蜂寄生桃蚜,寄生率分别比对照下降21.0%、17.2%、33.3%和30.4%,寄生时间分别比对照下降35.9%、38.7%、53.1%和39.7%。由此表明,球孢白僵菌对烟蚜茧蜂的寄生行为有不利影响。 相似文献
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用萝卜苗作桃蚜植物寄生主繁殖烟蚜茧峰 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了用萝卜苗作桃蚜寄主植物繁殖烟蚜茧蜂的技术。结果表明,在温度20-25℃、湿度75%的条件下,桃蚜的繁殖速度最快,10d内即可获得大量的桃蚜。用不同虫龄的蚜虫接蜂,蚜龄越低寄生率越高;在不同温中,25℃下寄生率最高。桃蚜的密度能影响烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率,密度在100-200头时接蜂1对(雌:雄),寄生率最高,可达80%。经连续10代分别在不同蚜龄时繁峰,虽然寄生率均随代数的增加而降低,但对低蚜龄时开始寄生的蚜茧蜂生长发育影响不大,其寄生率仍较其它蚜龄为高。在繁蜂室内用萝卜苗饲养桃蚜繁殖烟蚜茧蜂取得满意的结果。该技术设备简单,短期内可以获得较大量的烟蚜茧峰,供防治桃蚜之用。 相似文献
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蚜虫跳小蜂的重寄生现象及生物学特性简报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蚜虫跳小蜂Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus(Mayr)是蚜茧蜂僵蚜期的重要寄生天敌、麦蚜的重寄生蜂,为有害天敌。笔者1980—1986年在蚜苗蜂的研究中发现了此蜂和另外4种重寄生蜂,其对麦田蚜茧蜂 (主要是燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae Haliday)的破坏作用极大。 相似文献
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蚜茧蜂是蚜虫重要的寄生性天敌。为明确保山市越冬蚜虫的种群消长及蚜茧蜂的越冬情况,调查了该地2015年1—3月及12月越冬蚜虫的发生及蚜茧蜂寄生僵蚜的情况。结果表明,1—3月保山市越冬蚜虫指数呈增长趋势。其中,保山市隆阳区和施甸县的越冬蚜虫种群发生量较大,蚜情指数介于5%~30%之间。2015年12月中、下旬,隆阳蚕豆、龙陵青菜、腾冲油菜、施甸油菜和昌宁油菜上越冬蚜虫的无翅蚜虫口密度分别为317.39、268.80、84.80、79.98和9.10头/株,隆阳区显著高于其他县;龙陵县青菜上的有翅蚜种群数量显著多于其他4个区(县),其虫口密度为20.70头/株;施甸县油菜上的越冬蚜虫被蚜茧蜂寄生的虫口密度为8.68头/株,显著高于其他区(县),其次为龙陵县和隆阳区,其越冬蚜虫被蚜茧蜂寄生的僵蚜数量分别为2.60头/株和1.30头/株,二者差异显著。腾冲市和昌宁县的越冬蚜虫被蚜茧蜂寄生僵蚜数量最低,但该地有蚜茧蜂成蜂活动。说明保山市冬季适合蚜茧蜂生存,可用于防治蚜虫。 相似文献
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为明确桃蚜Myzus persicae体内次生共生菌沙雷氏菌Serratia symbiotica对宿主抵抗不良环境的影响,利用叶碟法测定短翅蚜小蜂Aphelinus asychi对自然感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜、自然未感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜和人工感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜的寄生特性和取食特性,并测定烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis对这3种处理桃蚜的寄生特性及这3种处理桃蚜经高温胁迫后的生长繁殖特性。结果显示,短翅蚜小蜂在人工感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜上的产卵率比在自然未感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜上的下降近1/2,羽化率下降1/3左右,致死率、取食率、僵蚜率均无显著差异;烟蚜茧蜂对这3种处理桃蚜的致死率、过寄生率、僵蚜率及其产卵率和羽化率等均无显著差异;这3种处理桃蚜的2龄若蚜经高温胁迫后,发育时间和寿命均显著延长,开始产蚜时间明显推迟,繁殖力和日繁殖率显著降低,繁殖历期无明显变化;高温胁迫后,人工感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜比自然未感染沙雷氏菌桃蚜开始产蚜时间提前3.9 d,繁殖力增加7.0头。表明人工感染沙雷氏菌可以提高桃蚜对短翅蚜小蜂和高温胁迫的防御作用,对烟蚜茧蜂的寄生无明显效果。 相似文献
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本文研究了阿维蚜茧蜂Aphidius ervi对豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum色型和龄期的选择偏好性,以及豌豆蚜的龄期对蚜茧蜂发育的影响,同时还观察了阿维蚜茧蜂与2种色型豌豆蚜共存时,2种色型豌豆蚜的掉落率。结果显示,阿维蚜茧蜂偏好寄生绿色型的豌豆蚜,而且偏好寄生龄期较小的虫态;在阿维蚜茧蜂与2种色型豌豆蚜共存时,2龄若蚜的掉落率最高;随着龄期的上升,2种色型豌豆蚜掉落后的被寄生率随之增高,而未掉落豌豆蚜的被寄生率随着龄期的增加而下降。阿维蚜茧蜂的寄生延长了2种色型豌豆蚜的发育历期,且2种色型豌豆蚜在1龄被寄生后,2和3龄的的发育历期均显著延长;寄生1龄豌豆蚜时,阿维蚜茧蜂发育最快;阿维蚜茧蜂寄生的豌豆蚜龄期越高,其羽化率就越低。 相似文献
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在室内用桃蚜、蔷无网蚜、桃粉大尾蚜、菊花蚜虫4种蚜虫饲养大灰食蚜蝇幼虫取得比较满意的结果,幼虫成活率76~80%,蛹羽化率92~94%,子代卵孵化率84~91%。用豌豆修尾蚜饲养,幼虫成活率仅48%,蛹羽化率50%,子代卵孵化率无明显差异。在大灰食蚜蝇幼虫发育期中,前期用桃蚜饲养,后期改用修尾蚜饲养,对幼虫成活率及蛹羽化率仍有影响.食物(蚜虫)充足时,幼虫自残程度低,可以集体饲养。以1:10的益害比释放大灰食蚜蝇3日龄幼虫,防治非洲菊上的蚜虫,3天后蚜虫下降85.9%,效果显著。 相似文献
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利用食蚜瘿蚊防治保护地蔬菜桃蚜的试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在蔬菜温室、弓棚、大棚内释放食蚜瘿蚊防治桃蚜,当单株蚜量在200头以下时,以1:20益害比释放瘿蚊成虫,9~12天后温室、弓棚内桃蚜分别减退75.1%~91.8%和80.1%~90.5%。1990年在5个大棚内以1:20益害比,一次释放,10天后蚜虫减退82.2%,30天后蚜虫有所回升,单株蚜量141.2头。1991年6~7月份,在16个大棚内分别释放瘿蚊,当单株蚜虫146头时,按1:20益害比,在2周内分2~3次释放瘿蚊,10天后单株蚜量减退86.4%,以后蚜虫仍逐日下降,在拉秧前60天内能有效地控制蚜害,不需使用化学农药。 相似文献
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蚜茧蜂对麦蚜控制作用的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文应用二次通用旋转组合设计的方法进行了蚜茧蜂对麦蚜寄生能力的研究,得出了蚜茧蜂的寄生量模型:Y=91.40+43.62X1+20.27X2+7.25X1X2-16.83X1^2+3.43X2^2。并对模型进行了分析,表明对总寄生量的影响因素中麦蚜密度的大小大于蚜茧蜂本身密度的大小。在试验密度范围内,蚜虫和蚜茧蜂干扰作用不明显,且有相互促进的作用,但增加速度相同。 相似文献
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不同寄主植物上烟蚜DNA多态性的RAPD-PCR分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
用RAPD-PCR技术研究了桃树、油菜和烟草上烟蚜的DNA多态性。结果表明,用相似性指数(SI)和Nei的遗传距离(D)及聚类分析对本研究筛选的三个引物OPX-04、OPX-06和OPX-19的扩增结果进行比较,除OPX-06的D值聚类可将各寄主植物上的烟蚜分开外,其余均可将样本分为两类,即来自桃树的烟蚜和来自油菜、烟草上的烟蚜。这说明与桃树的烟蚜相比,在DNA水平上,油菜上的烟蚜与烟草上的烟蚜更为接近。结果还表明,在烟蚜的体色方面,与黄绿色相比,红色与褐色更为接近。 相似文献
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Jian-Qun Chen Begonia Martin Yvan Rahbé Alberto Fereres 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(6):521-536
The Vat resistance gene (in Cucumis melo L.) inhibits the transmission of non-persistent viruses by Aphis gossypii Glover, but does not affect transmission by Myzus persicae (Sulz.). To see whether this difference was behaviourally determined, we investigated the stylet penetration behaviour of these two aphid species by recording EPGs (Electrical Penetration Graphs) of 8 and 20 min on two sets of susceptible and resistant isogenic melon lines. During the 20 min EPG study, inoculation with CMV (Cucumber Mosaic Virus) was also investigated. For both sets of isogenic lines, the two aphid species were able to detect the presence of Vat. The mean duration of individual intracellular punctures on the resistant genotypes was significantly reduced for both M. persicae and A. gossypii (-10% and -8% respectively for duration of pattern ‘pd’ in the 20 min experiment); this reaction appeared faster for M. persicae, a species for which melon was not a suitable host-plant. Therefore, in contrast to Vat's anti-transmission effect, this behavioural effect was not aphid species-specific. Also, the frequency of intracellular punctures on the resistant genotypes was significantly reduced in A. gossypii (but not in M. persicae): on average, this frequency dropped from ≈0.65 pd.min-1 on the susceptible genotypes to ≈0.5 pd.min-1 on the resistant ones. It was concluded that (intracellular?) chemical cues were detected very early by aphids probing on the resistant genotypes carrying the Vat gene. However, a comprehensive analysis of the behavioural traits of both aphids on the two genotypes could not alone account for the complete inhibition of transmission which was found only to occur for A. gossypii on resistant genotypes. None of the differences detected (between aphid species or between plant genotypes) could account for the Vat phenotype, although they may explain quantitative differences in transmission efficiencies between aphid species. It was thus concluded that Vat effect was primarily chemically mediated. Finally, some intracellular punctures bearing typical subphases have been identified in both aphid species and were designated as ‘long potential drops’ (pd-L). For A. gossypii, these were observed early after plant contact and their mean duration was twice that of standard intracellular punctures (≈8.5 s vs ≈4.2 s). Although not necessary for CMV inoculation, the duration of such phases was positively correlated with a high transmission efficiency by A. gossypii on the susceptible genotype. The nature of this pattern and a putative mechanism of action of the Vat gene are discussed. 相似文献
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The stability of the aphid transmission phenotype in seven field isolates of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was studied, using aphids Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae . Field isolates, obtained from four vegetable crops, were propagated in squash and Nicotiana glutinosa , and passaged by either aphid transmission or mechanical transfer. All seven isolates were transmissible by both aphids and this aphid transmission phenotype was stable after 20–24 mechanical passages. Upon further mechanical passaging, one of the seven isolates, CMV-2 A1-MT 60x, lost its transmissibility by Myzus persicae but was still transmissible by Aphis gossypii , although at a reduced rate. Isolates maintained by both aphid transmission and mechanical transfer were transmitted more efficiently by Aphis gossypii than by Myzus persicae . A comparison of the RNA profiles showed no major differences among the CMV isolates before and after mechanical passage. 相似文献